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THE 



FRONTIER MISSIONARY: 

A MEMOIR 



OF THE LIFE OF THE 



KEY. JACOB BAILEY, A.M. 



MISSIONARY AT 



POWNALBOROUGH, MAINE; CORNWALLIS AND ANNAPOLIS. N. S. ; 



ustr;itions, Botes, m\)i an ^ppcnbfe ; 



WILLIAM S. BARTLET, A. M., 

Rector of St. Luke's Church, Chelsea, Mass., and a Corresponding Member of the 
Maine Historical Society. 



WITH A PREFACE 



RIGHT REV. GEORGE BURGESS, D. D., 

Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Maine. 



BOSTON: 

IDE AND DUTTON 

106 WASHINGTON STREKT, 

1853. 



n- 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853, by 

WILLI.V3I S. BARTLET, 

lu the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. 



WHITE AND POTTER, 

Printers, No. 4 Spring Lane, Boston 



REV. PRANCIS L. HAWKS, D. D. LL. D., 

HISTORIOGRAPHER 

OF THE 

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH 

I.\ THE 

L'XITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
THIS VOLUME, 

BEING A CONTRIBUTION TO THAT 

DEPARTMENT OF LITER^iTURE 

■VSUlfH HE HAS SO SUCCESSFULLY CULTIVATED, 

IS, 

BY PERMISSION, 

RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, 

BY HIS OBEDIENT SERVANT 

AND BROTHER IN THE GOSPEL, 

WILLIAM S. BARTLET. 

AUGUST, MDCCCLIII. 



P H E F A C E . 



The man whose biography forms the main thread of this 
volume, can scarcely be said to have been eminent in his 
generation. But both his character and his career were 
somewhat remarkable : he lived in eventful days ; and 
he left behind him a singular abundance of those manu- 
script memorials, which bring the manners and the men 
of any period so visibly before the eyes of posterity. 

These materials came to the hands of one with whom 
to examine, to study, to arrange, to digest them with 
scrupulous accuracy and indefatigable attention, was a 
labor of love. The pages of the book itself will suffi- 
ciently declare how faithfully every minute pearl of his- 
torical fact, whether more or less precious, has been 
brought to the light of day. They cannot disclose, how- 
ever, what I can testify, — the vast extent, various con- 
tents, and discouraging aspect of that sea of documents, 
out of which these facts have been rescued. 

It is difficult for one who has followed this frontier 
missionary, both along the banks of his OAvn rivers, and 
through the autograph record of his struggles, to judge 
how far others may possibly be interested in such a tale, 
transferred to other scenes, and to the printed page. 



VI PREFACE. 

There must be many, however, who vrill find an attrac- 
tion in these simple glimpses of New England life, as it 
was a century ago ; these college associations of a Har- 
vard student, whose poverty placed him at the foot of a 
class which had a Wentworth at its head, and John 
Adams amongst its members ; this experience of the 
schoolmaster, who exchanges his Puritan home for the 
rude interior of a man-of-war, and thence emerges into 
all the bustle of London, to talk with Franklin, and 
receive the speechless blessing of the dying Sherlock ; 
these walks of the lonely missionary through the woods, 
and these journeys by water, short, but toilsome, in his 
pastoral vocation ; these patient ministrations amongst 
his humble flock, interspersed with the recreations of a 
favorite garden and an ever-ready pen; these overshad- 
owing skirts of the national tempest, reaching even to 
him, while the expedition of Benedict Arnold, on its 
slow way towards Quebec, through the wilderness, thins 
his little congregation as it passes by ; these trials of the 
exiles who, honestly hostile to change, and knowing not 
how to be silent, leave their home to be overgrown with 
weeds, and their house of prayer to fall to the ground, 
and still, after years of separation, cannot but cast a lin- 
gering look behind. As a picture of the times which 
just preceded the Revolution, this book must liaAc its 
value, even for general history. 

To the history of Maine it offers no unimportant con- 
tribution ; and, in a much inferior degree, it may be sub- 
servient to that of Nova Scotia. Some of the local par- 
ticulars which are here collected, would otherwise have 
been irrevocably lost ; and they will entitle the author to 
grateful remembrance in the regions with which his nar- 
rative is chiefly connected. 

This book will also take its place amongst the author- 



PREFACE. VU 

ities of those who, in a future day, shall trace the early 
annals of the Episcopal Church in America. It was in 
the researches to wliich it led, that the author brought 
to light those interesting facts detailed in the journal of 
the colony of Popham, at Sagadahock ; the name of the 
first minister who preached the Gospel in New England, 
a minister of the English Church ; and the erection of 
the first house of worship, a church or chapel, for the 
performance of divine service, according to the Book of 
Common Prayer. Through the delay in the publication 
of this volume, these facts have become somewhat known 
already ; but they might long have remained unkno^\^l, 
if the manuscripts of Mr. Bailey had fallen into other 
hands. 

The post of Jacob Bailey on the Kennebec, was one 
which was established and supported by the Christian 
charity of the Venerable Society for the Propagation of 
the Gospel ; and of all the deeds of its beneficence which 
have lately been commemorated in the review of its cen- 
tury and a half of growth, few were kinder than the 
effort to supply the means of grace to the poor settlers 
of Frankfort, otherwise so friendless. There was no 
encroachment upon sectarian ground: it was a simple 
work of charity ; and the time may come when even this 
seed, which appeared to be quite trodden down in the 
struggle of revolution, will be seen to have borne its 
fruit after many days. 

That a considerable portion of the clergy maintained 
their allegiance to the British crown, may be remembered 
with regret, but not with shame. There is no cause to 
blush for a mistaken conscience, or for sacrifices to prin- 
ciples, the highest in themselves, though erroneously 
applied. Should a crisis arrive, when the citizen of one 
of the United States shall be compelled to choose be- 



Vlll PREFACE. 

tween the commands of his own State and those of the 
Federal government, the position of those clergymen 
may then be appreciated. Many of their brethren were 
on the popular side : the patriarchal Bishop White sus- 
tained that side from settled conviction; and, knowing 
as we now do, the great designs of Providence for our 
Republic, and the boundless blessings which its establish- 
ment has shed abroad, we must lament that good men 
should have shipwrecked their temporal fortunes, and, 
for a time, the interests of their communion, by their too 
tenacious adherence to obligations which the national 
will had dissolved. We can read of the sufferings of 
the loyalists without danger lest our sympathies should 
persuade us to forget the preciousness of our political 
heritage, or the great deeds by which it was purchased ; 
and this book will cast some light over that painful 
story. 

It would be delightful indeed, did the narrative dis- 
close, in its chief subject, the proofs of a more exalted 
order of I3iety. For him it can only be claimed that, in 
an age of little zeal, and on a remote spot, where he was 
quite without those incitements of brotherly counsel and 
society, to which we all owe so much, he strove honestly 
to fulfil his pastoral duty according to the measure of his 
age. His own papers reveal strong prejudices ; a rather 
unyielding temper ; and some tinge of eccentricity. But 
they will also exhibit a fidelity, a courage, a sensibility 
to kindness, and a willingness to labor under discourage- 
ment and self-denial, which must win respect, though 
the example, viewed as that of a Christian minister, be, 
even in our eyes, far from faultless. 

G. B. 

Gardiner^ Me., August, 1853. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 



Description of Rowley, Mass., 1, 2; Birth of Jacob Bailey, 2; His account of his 
Early Life, 2 ; Habits of his Town's People, 3, 4,5; His Bashfulncss, .5 ; Letter to a 
Lady, giving an account of his Boyhood and Youth, 5, 6 ; His desire for Knowl- 
edge, 6 ; Slender Means, 7; Interest taken in him by the Minister of the Parish, 7; 
Puts himself under his instruction, 7 ; Rev. Jedediah Jewett, 7. 

CHAPTER II. 

Mr. Bailey enters Harvard College, 8 ; His daily Journals, 8 ; Every generation de- 
preciates itself in some respects, 8 ; Great improvement in the purity of New Eng- 
land Morals within a Century, 9 ; Statement of some Social Customs in the last 
Century, 9 ; A New England Marriage,, 10 ; Assistance of Friends in Boston, 11 ; 
Feelings of Discouragement, 11; Visit to Portsmouth, N. H., 11; Aid received 
there, 12 ; Visit to New Castle, 12 ; — to Kittery, 13 ; Interview with Sir William 
Pepperell, 13 ; Further aid in Portsmouth, 13 ; Extracts from an account of a Jour- 
ney to Connecticut, 14 to 27; Second Visit to Portsmouth, 27; Ladies visit Mr. 
Bailey in College, 28 ; Visits Rev. Jonathan Parsons, at Newbury, 2S ; Ludicrous 
Scene in the Meeting-house, 28; Simday Evening, 28; Mr. Bailey Graduates, 30; 
Names of his Classmates, 30 ; Expression of obligation to Rev. J. Jewett, 31. 

CHAPTER III. 

Common School Education in New England, 32 ; Mr. Bailey keeps School in Rowley, 
33;— in Kingston, N. H., 33; Description of Kingston and its Inhabitants, .33- 
State of Morals in Kingston, 34 ; Closes his School, 35 ; Commences a School at 
Hampton, N. H., 36 ; Communication for the New Hampshire Gazette, 36 ; Resigns 
his School at Hampton, and commences teaching in Gloucester, Mass., 37 ; Visits 
Portsmouth, N. H., and Exeter, 38; Preaches his "Approbation " Discourse before 
a Congregational Association, 39 ; Approved by them to preach the Gospel, 39 ; At 
Commencement at Harvard College, 39 ; Visits Portsmouth, N. H., 39; At Hamp- 
ton, 40; Suggestion made that he should seek a Vacant Mission of the Church of 
England, in New Hampshire, 40 ; Measures taken by him for that purpose, 40 ; Con- 
fers with Capt. Gibbs on the subject, 40 ; Performs a part in a Play, 41 ; Preaches in 
Hampton, 42 ; Preaches three Sundays in Plymouth, Mass., 42; Letter to Rev. H. 
Caner, 43 ; Letter to Dr. Silvester Gardiner, 43 ; Review of Mr. Bailey's previous 
Life, 44-47. 



X CONTENTS, 



CHAPTER IV. 



Journey to Boston, 48 ; Arrival there, 48 ; Visit to Harvard College, 49 ; Treatment 
by the President, 49 ; Calls on the Boston Clergy, 49 ; Goes on board the " Hind," 
51 ; The Ship drops down to Nantasket, 52 ; Description of the place assigned to 
Mr. Bailey, 52 ; Company assembled in it, 52-54 ; Their Conduct, 54 ; Adventure 
of two of the Ship's Officers, 55 ; The Ship goes to Sea, 56 ; Terrific Storm, 57 ; 
Lands in Portsmouth, England, 58 ; Journey to London, 60 ; Arrival in London, 
60 ; Interview with the Secretary of the Propagation Society, 61 ; With Archbishop 
of Canterbury, 61 ; Examination for Holy Orders, 61 ; Ordained Deacon, 62; Dines 
at Bishop of London's Table, 63; Waits upon Dr. Franklin, 63; Crowds attend- 
ing Whitefield's Preaching, 64 ; Ordained Priest, 64 ; Calls on Bishop of London, 
65 ; Receives the Royal Bounty, 66 ; Dines with Dr. Franklin, 66 ; Prepares to 
return to America, 66; Sight of Land, 66; Arrival in Boston, 67. 

CHAPTER V. 

Early Settlements in North America, 68 ; Colonies at St. Croix and Annapolis Rivers, 
68 ; Kennebec and Penobscot Rivers visited, 68 ; Plymouth Company formed, 69 ; 
Landing of Colonists at Kennebec, 69 ; Regular Public Worship there, 70 ; Colony 
at Saco, 71 ; Rev. Robert Jordan, 72. 



CHAPTER VI. 

Proprietors of Kennebec Purchase, 74 ; Germans settle at Frankfort, 74 ; Circum- 
stances of these Settlers, 75; Destitute of Religious Instruction, 75; Efforts of a 
Jesuit, 76; Application to "Society for Propagating the Gospel," etc., 76; Rev. 
William Maclennachan sent as Missionary, 77 ; Mr. Maclennachan removes from 
the Mission, 77 ; Extent of the Mission, 78 ; Rev. Jacob Bailey succeeds Mr. 
Maclennachan, 78 ; Mr. Bailey's Marriage, 80 ; Extract from Mr. Bailey's Report, 
80 ; Petition from Georgetown, 81 ; Extract from Mr. Bailey's Letter to the Society, 
P. G., etc., 83 ; Rev. W. W. Wheeler, Missionary at Georgetown, 86 ; Steps taken 
to build a Church at Pownalborough, 86 ; Church occupied, 87; " Account of the 
'Fii-st Mission on Kennebec River," 88-91 ; Persecutions by "M." and "N.," 93; 
Rev. W. W. Wheeler leaves Georgetown, 98; Attempts to establish a Congrega- 
tional Society, 99; Mr. Bailey's Writings, 101; Account of the Parsonage and 
Grounds at Pownalborough, 102-104 ; Persecution while on a Journey, 105 ; Report 
to the "F-ocietyP. G.," 105; Rev. J. W. Weeks persecuted, 108; Attempt upon 
the Lives of the Inmates of the Parsonage, 108 ; Travelling Preachers, 109 ; Rais- 
ing a Liberty Pole, 110 ; Persecutions of Mr. Bailey, 112; Second attempt to estab- 
lish a Congregational Society, 113 ; Episcopalians taxed for this purpose, 113; Mr. 
Bailey flees to Boston, 116; Second Journey to Boston, 117; Extracts from his 
Journal, 117-121 ; Persecution continues, 122-126 ; Sufferings of the People in 
Maine, 127, 128. 

CHAPTER VII. 

Mr. Bailey and Family leave Pownalborough, 129; Visit Georgetown, 130; Depart 
for Nova Scotia, 133 ; Incidents of the Voyage, 133; Account of Mr. Rhodes, 137; 
Incidents of the Voyage, 138-156; Arrival at Halifax, 156; Meets old Friends, 156; 
Visited by Rev. Dr. Breynton, 159 ; Waits upon the Governor, 161 ; Commences 
Housekeeping, 168. 



CONTENTS. XI 



CHAPTER YIII. 

Donation from the General Assembly, 172 ; Invited to officiate at Cornwallis, 173 ; 
Removes to Cornwallis, 175; Report to the Society P. G., 177; Letter from Rev. 
Samuel Peters, D. D., 178 ; History of Connecticut, 179 ; Mission at Annapolis, 180 ; 
Appointment to Annapolis, 182; Account of Journey from Cornwallis to Annapolis, 
184-190; Letter to the Society P. G., 191; Large Immigration at Annapolis, 193; 
Report to the Society P. G., 194; Immigration at Annapolis, 195; Report to the 
Society P. G., 196; Letter to Rev. S. Parker, D. D., 197; Church at Annapolis 
opened for Divine Service, 197 ; Letter from Rev. Dr. Parker, 198 ; Letter to Rev. 
S. Peters, D. D., 199; Letter from Rev. S. Peters, D. D., 202; Letter to Rev. 

S. Peters, D. D., 204; Report to Society P. G., 208; Letter to Mr. T B , 

212 ; Report to Society P. G., 213 ; Letter to Rev. S. Peters, D. D., 213 ; Report to 
Society P. G., 219 ; Idem, 220 ; Idem, 222 ; Sunday Schools established in Nova 
Scotia, 224 ; Mr. Bailey appointed Deputy Chaplain at Annapolis, 224 ; Letter to the 
Society P. G., 227; Letter from Bishop Inglis, 228; Mr. Bailey's Death, 228; No- 
tice of his Family, 229 ; Estimate of his Character, 230. 

Notes, .......... 234 

Appendix, .......... 277 

St. John's Church, Pownalborough, 277 ; Church at Georgetown, 280 ; St. Paul's 
Church, Portland, 282 ; Christ Church, Gardiner, 284 ; Kittery, 286 ; Prospect, 
287 ; Rev. "W. W. Wheeler, Missionary at Georgetown, 287 ; Silvester Gardiner, 
M. D., 290; Contribution to the List of Three Hundred Ministers, 294; Abstract 
of Sermons, 295. 

Notices of Loyalists, ........ 311 

Rev. Edward Bass, D. D., 312 ; Rev. J. Wingate "Weeks, 315 ; Rev. William Clark, 
317; Rev. John Wiswall, 318; Rev. Roger Viets, 319; Rev. Mather Byles, Jr., 
D. D., 320; Rev. Bissett, 321; Rev. Henry Caner, 322; Rev. John Trout- 
beck, 322 ; Rev. John Yardill, 322 ; Rev. Isaac Brown, 322 ; Sergeant (Rev. W. ?), 

- 322 ; Captain Smith, 322 ; John McXamarra, 323 ; Dr. John Calf, 324 ; Moses 

Foster, 324; Robert Jenkins, 324 ; Simmons, 324 ; John Jones, 325 ; Thomas 

Brown, 327; Capt. Charles Callahan, 327; Thomas Turner, James Turner, 

Cookson, John Carlo, Martin Carlo, 329 ; Edmund Doharty, 330 ; Capt. 

Combs, 330 ; Joseph Domette, 330 ; Capt. Campbell, 331 ; Thomas Robie, 

331 ; Joseph Patten, 331 ; Major Rogers, 331 ; Dowling, 332 ; 

Cummings, 332 ; John McKown, 332 ; Forman, 332 ; Col. (Peter ?) Fry, 332 ; 

William Gardiner, 332 ; Wallace, 333 ; Nathaniel Gardiner, 333 ; 

Charlestown, 3.34; Dr. James Tupper, 334; Benjamin Snow, 335; John Lee, 335; 

Capt. Antill Gallop, 335 ; Williams, 335 ; James Rogers, 335 ; Simon Baxter, 

336; Bartholomew Sullivan, 336; Dr. Jonathan Hicks, 336; George Lyde, 336; 

John Carleton, 336 ; Jackson, 337; Dr. Coffin, 337; Dr. Cassimire 

Meyer, 337 ; Major Samuel Goodwin, 337. 

Letters and Journals, ....... 338 

Letters to Amos Bailey, 338, 348, 349, 350 ; Rev. H. Caner, 338 ; Dr. Silvester Gar- 
diner, 338, 351, 352; William Gardiner, 340, ib.; Mills and Hicks, 347, 348; Mrs. 
Susanna Renkin, 348 ; Rev. J. W. Weeks, 343, 344, 345 ; Rev. W. W. Wheeler, 342. 



THE FRONTIER MISSIONARY. 



CHAPTER I. 



Near the north-east corner of the old Bay State, lies the 
ancient town of Rowley. 

The northerly line of Massachusetts, if it continued in the 
straight course in which it runs from the westerly border of the 
Commonwealth, would strike the ocean to the southward of 
this place, throwing it and the neighboring ancient town of 
Newbury within the limits of New Hampshire. The dividing 
line between the two States, however, crosses the Merrimac 
River, some forty miles from its mouth, and then running 
parallel with that river at a distance of three miles from it, 
proceeds in an irregular course, generally in a north-easterly 
direction, till it meets the sea which washes Salisbury Beach. 
The townships spoken of. He, therefore, as it were, in the bow 
of a parenthesis. 

Even now, when the improved facilities of travel have 
brought Rowley into close connection with other places, it 
remains a comparatively quiet and secluded spot. Though 
near the sea, the communication with it is circuitous, and 
small vessels only can approach any part of the township. 
There is hardly sufficient water power for the grist-mills, 
needed by the inhabitants. 

If such be the present condition of this ancient settlement, 
when almost every New England town has greatly increased 
and wonderfully changed during the last fifty years, it may 



FRONTIER missionary; OR, 



[1731. 



■well be supposed that a century since, Rowley was a place in 
.which manners and customs, once formed, would continue 
stereotyped for a long time. 

Distant, as it was, a long summer day's ride on horseback 
from the metropolis ; seldom resorted to, either for business 
or pleasure, by strangers, and the occupation of its inhabitants 
being mainly agricultural, the stamp which its Puritan settlers 
affixed upon its society was not only visible, but still sharply 
defined. A seaboard town, and yet, practically, almost cut off 
from the sea, it had hardly the resources that are common to 
most New England communities, and its society resembled 
more nearly that of settlements far in the interior, than might 
be expected in a place in which the roar of the Atlantic might 
be heard in every easterly storm. 




[Birth-place of Jacob Bailey.] 



In this community Jacob Bailey,* the subject of this 
Memoir, was born, in the year 1731, and the following account 
is in his own language, written when he had arrived at middle 
age, and after education and' travel had improved his mind. 

" In my very childhood, as soon as I was able to read, I was 
seized with an insatiable desire of travelling, and a boundless 



* See note A. 



1741.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 3 

curiosity to visit foreign countries. Tliis inclination I was 
obliged to suppress, since such numerous obstacles arose to 
check my ambition, and to prevent me from indulging those 
desires, which all my acquaintance looked upon as extrava- 
gant and romantic. 

" When I had completed my tenth year, I found myself an 
inhabitant of a place remarkable for ignorance, narrowness of 
mind, and bigotry. 

" An uniform method of thinking and acting prevailed, and 
nothing could be more criminal than for one person to be 
more learned, religious, or polite, than another. For instance, 
if one happened to make advances in knowledge beyond his 
neighbors, he was immediately looked upon as an odd, unac- 
countable fellow, was shunned by every company, and left to 
drink his mug of flip* alone on lecture-day night. He was 
sure to draw upon him the contempt and ridicule of the other 
sex, and always became the banter of the young females, not 
only at the frolic and dance, but at the washing tub and spin- 
ning wheel. 

" Whenever a person began to make a figure in religion, or 
had the boldness to be more virtuous than his companions, he 
instantly drew upon him the envy of the old professors, who 
branded him with the odious names of upstart, hypocrite, and 
new-light. 

" As for all politeness and every kind of civility, except 
what their great-grandfathers taught them, it was esteemed a 
crying sin. Thus I have known a boy whipped for saying Sir 
to his father, when he came from school, — a young fellow 
severely reprimanded for drinking a health, — and a very pretty 
girl obliged to live a virgin ten years, for once preferring a gen- 
tleman to a plough jogger, and for saluting every body with a 
courtesy. The old people were so tenacious of the customs 
of their ancestors, that no consideration could prevail upon 
them to vary in the minutest instance. This stupid exactness 
might be 'discovered in the field, at home, at the tavern, and 



♦ " Flip ; toddy made with New England rum." — Gage's History of Rowley, p. 269, 



4 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1741. 

even in the meeting-house. Every man planted as many acres 
of Indian corn, and sowed the same number with rye; he 
ploughed with as many oxen, hoed it as often, and gathered 
in his crop on the same day with his grandfather. With 
regard to his family, he salted down the same quantity of beef 
and pork, wore the same kind of stockings, and at table, sat 
and said grace with his wife and children around him, just as 
his predecessors had done before him. 

" At the tavern the same regulation obtained, where it was 
esteemed impious to venture, except on a training or lecture- 
day. Upon the former occasion, the good man always bought 
a piece of sweet cake for his spouse, and a roll of ginger-bread 
for each of his children ; upon the latter, you might see the 
fathers of families flocking from the house of devotion, with a 
becoming gravity in their countenances, to the house of flip. 

" The young sparks assemble in the evening to divert them- 
selves, when, after two or three horse-laughs at some passage 
in the sermon, they proceed in the following manner. They 
send for an old negro, who presently makes his appearance 
with the parish fiddle, part of the head of it is broken, it is 
glued together in several places with rosin, has three strings, 
etc. Now the music begins, which instantly inspires the 
youths, who lead out the willing fair to mingle in the dance. 
They hold this violent exercise, till sweat and fatigue oblige 
them to desist. In this interval, one is despatched to the 
tavern for a dram, which revives their spirits till midnight, 
when they separate. They have one excellent custom here, 
and that is, their constant attendance on public worship. 
Upon the ringing of the bell on Sundays, every one repairs to 
the meeting-house, and behaves with tolerable decency till 
prayers are over. As to singing, the greatest part have re- 
nounced their prejudices to what is called the new way, but 
others continue to place such sanctity in a few old tunes, that 
they either hang down their heads in silence, or run out of 
the meeting-house, while their neighbors are singing one of a 
more modern composition. 

" When the sermon begins, every one has the privilege of 
growing drowsy, about the middle many catch a nod, and 



1741.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 5 

several sleep quietly during the application. These honest 
people would esteem it a great hardship if they were denied 
the privilege of taking a nap once a week in their meeting- 
house. 

" Thus, at the age of ten, I found myself among these peo- 
ple, without any education, without money ; and to increase 
my misfortune, I was bashful to the extremest degree. 

" This disposition had taken such a possession of me, that 
I was even afraid to walk the streets in open daylight, and 
frequently, when I have been sent abroad in the neighborhood 
of an errand, I have gone a mile about through fields and 
bushes. A female was the most dreadful sight I could possi- 
bly behold, and till I was eighteen, I had never courage to 
speak in their presence. Whenever I had the misfortune to 
meet one of these animals in the street, I immediately climbed 
over the fence, and lay obscured till she passed along. And, 
if a young woman happened to come into the room where I 
was sitting, I was seized with a trembling, but if she spake, 
my confusion was so great, that it was a long time before I 
could recover. But these difficulties, instead of abating my 
thirst for knowledge, or lessening my unbounded desire for 
travel, only served as so many incitements to these acquisi- 
tions." 

The following is a copy of a letter wi-itten in mature life. 
It will be perceived that it was addressed to a lady. Neither 
her name, nor the date of the letter, however, are preserved. 

" I was born in a country town on the coast of New Eng- 
land, of honest parents, who, notwithstanding they were ex- 
tremely industrious, could obtain but a scanty maintenance 
for themselves and their numerous family. 

" It was my misfortune, from the earliest period of my life, 
to be bashful to the extremest degree. 

" I was, when a child, even under all the disadvantages of 
poverty and a narrow education, extremely ambitious, and my 
curiosity was unbounded, and my thu'st for knowledge per- 
fectly insatiable. I was for taking hold of every opportunity 



6 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1750. 

to increase my knowledge, improve my understanding, and to 
gain intelligence of humane affairs. The means I enjoyed for 
mental acquirements were indeed very infrequent and slender. 
I was disposed to pass all my leisure hours in learning, and 
yet was unfurnished with any kind of books, or any means of 
acquiring knowledge. 

" I was constrained to labor with the most constant and 
unwearied diligence, and had scarcely time allowed me for 
needful recreation. However, a season is never wanting to 
those who are ready to improve upon any occasion. I used 
to redeem an hour every evening from the small portion that 
was allotted for my sleep. This, for want of books, I usually 
spent in scribbling, so that I composed matter upon a variety 
of subjects, sufficient, I suppose, to have filled several volumes. 

" It happened, one evening, after I had, as usual, been em- 
ployed, just before the hour of repose, with my pen, that I was 
suddenly called away upon some urgent occasion. In the 
hurry of my rising, I dropped the paper which I had been 
using, so that it was taken up the next morning by a person 
of no small curiosity. He was so pleased with the contents, 
that he instantly communicated it to the perusal of some 
others, till at length it arrived at the Parson of our Parish, 
who was a pious and ingenious gentleman. He was so taken 
with the performance, that he resolved to pay the author a 
visit. By some means or other, I gained intelligence of his 
design, and took car^ to avoid his conversation, by secreting 
myself from the knowledge of any person. I took a ramble 
through a neighboring grove, where I gave my attention to 
the whispers of the breeze, the noise of the turtles, and the 
croaking of the frogs, till I thought the time of his visit had 
fully expired. For, not to dissemble. Madam, I esteemed our 
minister, in that day, such a great man, that thousands would 
not have tempted me to come into his presence. Being ar- 
rived at my father's, I understood that he had paid the family 
a visit, and had prevailed upon my father to let him have the 
instructing me a twelve month, and that without any con- 
sideration. Such was his unparalleled generosity! 

" This proposal, however advantageous and agreeable, I 



1750.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 7 

found encumbered with insuperable difficulties, for I imagined 
it impossible to introduce myself to the family without perish- 
ing under an intolerable weight of blushes, and the deepest 
confusion. The day soon approached. I arose in the morn- 
ing, having never closed my eyes the preceding night, and 
directed my course to the Parson's. I passed the house, and 
walked backwards and forwards by it, I think, no less than 
ten times. At last, a strange and unusual pang of courage 
and resolution came upon me, and forced me up to the door, 
but, alas, when I arrived, my heart failed me, and I presently 
perceived my spirits beginning to sink, till finding that the 
eyes of a young female in the neighborhood were turned 
towards me, I concluded, of the two evils, prudentially to 
choose the lesser, and so instantly entered. I gat over the 
difficulties of my first address, and was put to learning that 
very afternoon, and, as I had the good fortune to perceive, 
greatly to the acceptance and admiration of my master." 

No information is to be found of the time spent in his pre- 
paration for college. Enough, however, has been stated, to 
show his great desire for learning, and the serious obstacles 
he met with in its acquirement. 

To the Rev. Jedediah Jewett, Pastor of the First Congre- 
gational Society in Rowley, belongs the credit of taking this 
poor and almost friendless young man from his obscurity, and 
giving him the opportunity to gratify that taste for learning, 
of which he has spoken in the foregoing extracts. 



FRONTIER MISSIONARY; OR, [1751. 



CHAPTER II. 

The subject of this Memoir entered Harvard College in 1751, 
when he was- twenty years old. 

The reason of his commencing his preparation for college 
at an age when most young men have completed their col- 
legiate course, appears in the extracts from his own writings, 
which have already been given. 

We can hardly expect to find much that will interest the 
general reader during the life of an undergraduate. But 
Jacob's practice of writing, by which, as he has testified, he 
acquired most of the education he had before he was noticed 
by Rev. Mr. Jewett, was now very freely followed, and por- 
tions of copious daily journals kept by him are still in exist- 
ence. Most of their contents might have been pleasant to 
him as reminiscences in after life, and would be valued by his 
relations and friends. Beyond this circle they possess but 
little interest. Yet there are some matters in them which 
may be alluded to, and a few portions of them will be ex- 
tracted. If but little can be copied from these writings to 
illustrate the personal biography of their author, still, the 
glimpses they afford of the state of society at the time, may 
not be uninteresting in themselves, as well as because they 
exhibit to us, to some extent, the influences that helped to form 
his character at this period of his life. It would appear, from 
these journals, that the bashfulness which he formerly felt in 
female society, and of which he has spoken, (see previous 
extracts from his writings,) had now entirely disappeared, and 
that the company of the softer sex was now eagerly sought 
by him, and highly enjoyed. 

It has ever been a practice for persons to complain of the 
age in which they live, asserting that religion and morals have 
deteriorated from their former condition, and, supposing that 



1751.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 9 

their tendency was still downward, to indulge in gloomy fore- 
bodings as to the future. We read the writings of divines 
and others, who flourished two centuries since, and meet with 
evidences of this belief. 

Fifty years later, the complaint is repeated in the books of 
that time. Another half century furnishes us with lamenta- 
tions over the degeneracy of the times as compared with those 
that are past. Doubtless there is reason always to mourn 
over the disregard that men manifest to their highest good. A 
thoughtful person can view with no satisfaction the interest 
which the majority show in perishing trifles. A pious mind, 
in any age, cannot but be pained at the evidences around him, 
that "the things that are seen," and "that are temporal," so 
entirely usurp the place in the heart which should be occupied 
by " the things that are not seen," and that " are eternal." 

Still, we cannot but think that the last one hundred years 
have witnessed material improvements in the decencies of 
society and its minor morals, and where these are improved, 
the way of advance in more important matters is made easier. 

Some practices were current during the youth and early 
manhood of Mr. Bailey, that would not now be tolerated. 
New England society, at that time, in country towns, was 
harsh and hard. No influences prevailed to refine the man- 
ners, and but little existed, around which the finer feelings 
could entwine themselves. The love of letters was mostly 
confined to professional men, or to some of those in other 
pursuits, who had received a liberal education. As a general 
thing, it was not supposed that females need be taught more 
than the mere rudiments of learning. Hence, though a few 
trifling amusements were occasionally resorted to as a means 
of preventing listlessness, sensual pleasures were the principal 
ones of that generation. 

Modesty prevents more than an allusion to some of the 
social customs of the time. Suffice it to say, that the inter- 
course between the sexes in rural districts was frequently of a 
character so improper, and in many cases so gross, that the 
present age could hardly believe a plain statement of its 
2 



10 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1753. 

nature, were it not certified by those who lived at that day, 
and who speak of it as a matter of course. 

The subject of this Memoir lived in the country till he was 
twenty years of age, and he fell somewhat into the habits of 
those around him. But as a larger acquaintance with the 
world expanded his views, as the company of females edu- 
cated in cities, (where no such customs prevailed,) gave him 
juster notions of the purity of female character, and as Divine 
grace strengthened in his heart, he saw the nature of the 
intercourse spoken of in a truer light, and his journals and 
lettter-books show his convictions on this subject, and the 
efforts he made for reform. To him fairly belongs the credit 
of having, in early manhood, advanced beyond the age in 
which he lived, in his ideas of what females were capable of 
becoming, and the honesty of his convictions was abundantly 
manifested in his persevering efforts for their improvement in 
secular and religious knowledge. 

Ardent spirits were a common beverage in Mr. Bailey's day, 
among all classes. The minister, the deacons and the people, 
all indulged in a practice, now so loudly condemned. Playing 
cards was nearly as universal. Young men, almost on the 
point of entering the ministry, did not hesitate to join a party 
at whist, or other games ; and, if after they had been ordained, 
they scrupled at engaging in this amusement, they did not 
forbid its being indulged in under their roof. The same may 
be said of dancing. 

A portion of his journal, while he was a college student, 
illustrates what has been said touching the three last customs. 
Under date of January 19, 1753, he gives an account of the 
marriage of a daughter of a pious and orthodox New Eng- 
land clergyman in a country town. " After the ceremony was 
past," says he, " dinner was prepared, but first I waited upon 
the gentry with a bowl of lemon punch. * * * * About 
the coming on of the evening, the younger sort, to the number 
of about fifty, repaired to the western chamber, where we 
spent the evening in singing, dancing, and wooing the widow." 

The festivities appear to have been renewed at the clergy- 



1754.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 11 

man's house the next day, when several young people assem- 
bled. IVIr. Bailey says : " Having saluted the bride, we spent 
our time, some in dancing, the others in playing cards, for the 
space of two hours. # * # # After dinner, we young 
people repaired to our chamber, where we spent the day in 
plays, such as singing, dancing, wooing the widow, playing 
cards, box, etc." 

Thus much for the social habits of that day. Who can 
deny that they have been much improved in the mean time ? 

It is with much satisfaction that we make extracts from Mr. 
Bailey's journals, recording the liberality of certain persons in 
assisting him to pay his expenses when in college. The Rev. 
Mr. Jewett was the friend on whom he mainly reUcd for means 
to obtain his education. Yet Mr. Jewett probably thought 
that others ought to share this burden with him. 

^^ April 13th, 1753. * * We resorted to Messrs. Gushing 
and Newman's, (in Boston,) where we were led into a room 
most curiously adorned with rich and costly furniture. Mr. 
Jewett, after having entered into some discourse with these 
gentlemen, easily persuaded them to subscribe ^8-5, O. T., 
a-piece, for my support at college. From tliese gentlemen I 
had an invitation of making free at their house for the future." 
This bounty, however, added to what other resources he might 
have, does not' seem to have been sufficient to meet his ex- 
penses, as we may infer from the following entry in his journal, 
dated " Rawlei/, January 2Sth, 1754. This day, meeting with 
many discouragements, I had almost resolved to fix off to sea, 
but just as I had the matter in agitation, I had an offer to go 
to Bradford, where, I hoped, I should find something to divert 
my mind." On his return, he says, " I called in at (Rev.) Mr. 
Chandler's, about sunset, who gave me two dollars and a pair 
of gloves. He also lent me his Hebrew Bible." 

The aid of Rev. Mr. Jewett was called in on this emergency. 
He advised a journey to Portsmouth, N. H., and an appeal to 
several persons in that town and its vicinity. Jacob, being 
furnished with letters of introduction, travelled to Portsmouth, 
and the extracts from his journals, which follow, show his 
success. 



12 FRONTIER MISSIONARY; OR, [1754. 

" PortS7nouth, K H., January Slsty 1754. Waited upon Col. 
Gilman with a letter. * * * Called on my classmate, 
John Wentworth. * * * Rev. Mr. Langdon came 
home, to whom I presented ray letter. He, upon receiving it, 
spake very discouraging of my receiving any donation in the 
town. However, he promised, the next day to use his interest 
among the gentlemen. 

" February 1st. * * * The first place we called at 
was Wentworth's, who welcomed me to his house, and gave 
me his hand. After I had been there a few minutes, his son, 
my classmate, made his appearance, and invited me to dine 
with him, as did his father, and Mr. Langdon being invited 
also, I consented. At our coming away, Mr, Wentworth gave 
Mr. Langdon <£12 for me. After this, we went to Sen'r CoL 
Sherburne's, where we were courteously entertained, and in- 
vited to dine with him. He, at parting, gave me £2. * * 
About nine o'clock, having obtained leave of Esq. Bell, I set 
out for New Castle with the Esq. and three of his men, to 
row us down. It happened to be a very cold, dark, and stormy 
night ; the rain that fell froze upon everything, but though we 
were much fatigued, yet we arrived in about half an hour a.t 
New Castle, it being about three miles from Portsmouth. On 
our arrival, Esq. Bell sent one of his men to show me to 
(Rev.) ]\Ir. Chase's. When I arrived there, about ten o'clock, 
I found myself perfectly unknown." 

Mr. Chase read the letter of recommendation from Mr. 
Jewett. He " made some of his servants bring me some sup- 
per, and very courteously entertained me all night." 

" February 2d. After prayers, we all breakfasted upon choc- 
olate, etc. When we had done, Mr. Chase called me into 
another room, and gave me' £3, Hampshire money. After- 
wards, we fitted out for fishing, and getting into Mr. Chase's 
boat, we, six in number, launched off", but changing my mind, 
I was set on Kittery shore. Being come to land, I travelled 
over the rocks up to (Rev.) Mr. Stevens's. Here I found his 
wife and he at dinner, and, upon invitation, sat down with 
them. After dinner, Mr. Stevens * * gave me a dollar, and a 
recommendatory line to Sir William Pepperell. About two, I 



1754.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 13 

set out with the intention of seeing York, but before I had 
got to Sir William's plantation, an exceeding thick fog arose 
and covered all the land, so that it was almost impossible to 
discern the ground right under one's feet. I at length, how- 
ever, found the knight's house, and went first into the kitchen, 
where I waited till after he had dined, and then sent in my 
letter. When he had read it, he immediately sent for me, 
upon which I was conducted into the room, where I found 
Sir William and his lady and three gentlemen. The knight 
ordered me to sit down, and turned me out a glass of wine, 
upon which 1 drank his health. After I had been, with the 
gentlemen present, long entertained with an account of his 
travels in England, he sent a young scribe in his employ with 
a couple of blacks up to Portsmouth in a boat, with whom he 
ordered me a passage. Accordingly, about three o'clock, we 
prepared for our voyage, and being ready to set off. Sir Wil- 
liam's lady presented me with a dollar, and he gave me twenty 
shillings in copper, and came with us down to the water, 
where he helped me into the boat, and charged me to come 
and see him, if I came that way again." 

# * * # # # 

" Fehrnarij 4th. This day I proposed to set out on my jour- 
ney home, but after breakfast Mr. Langdon and I took a walk, 
first to Mr. Wiberd's, the Counsellor, and then to Mr. Wiberd, 
the Merchant, who gave me two dollars a-piece. During my 
stay here, I was taken aside by my lady Wiberd, who bestow- 
ed upon me a yard and a half of very fine muslin and a pair 
of fine worsted stockings. As we were going out of Mr. 
Wiberd's we met Mr. Jefferds, who gave me nine livres. 

" From hence we proceeded to Col. Atkinson's, who out of 
his generosity put me into the possession of £12, Hampshire 
money, and treated me very handsomely. From Col. Atkin- 
son's we directed our course to Capt. Warner's, where I had 
an opportunity of seeing his son, who, together with his father, 
treated me very handsomely. Being invited to dinner here, 
we refused and retired home, where we dined ; after which, 
Capt. Warner's son came to Mr. Langdon's, and after we had 
sat together a little time, I took my leave of Mr. Langdon's 



14 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1754. 

family. On coming out of the door, Warner came with me 
and gave me four dollars and a bundle of things, worth .£10, 
O. T. I have the greatest reason to esteem this town, for the 
kindness I received from several of the principal inhabitants, 
especially from ]\Ir, Langdon and his family, who all treated 
me with peculiar respect." 

" Cambridge, February 21th. This day received by Mr. 
"Warner, from (Rev.) Mr. Langdon, of Portsmouth, the re- 
maining part of my bounty from those gentlemen I had lately 
visited, consisting of one pistole, one English shilling, and 
forty-two livres." 

The following portion of Mr. Bailey's Journal, containing 
an account of a journey which he made into Connecticut, 
will no doubt prove interesting. 

" July 9th. This day having concluded to accompany 
Wm. Brown and his sister to New London, I arose early 
in the morning, about half after four o'clock. # * I went 
to Stockbridge's chamber, who rose and went with me to 
Stedman's after a horse, but not prospering, Elliot rode down 
to Charlestown and got one of Mr. Wood. * * Brown 
coming from Salem about eleven o'clock, we left Cambridge 
a little before twelve. Before we had gotten a mile I perceiv- 
ed I had left my great coat, upon which I rode back after it, 
and took leave of several scholars. I set out again, and rode 
directly for Bils, in Jamaica, where I found Mr. Brown and 
Miss Nabby at dinner with Capt. Fry, of Andover, and several 
others. After dinner we three sat together upon the benches 
before the door awhile, and about two o'clock set out on our 
journey, riding through Jamaica, a pleasant parish in the 
upper part of E-oxbury, beautified with the country seats of 
several gentlemen. We came at length to Mr. Walter's, a 
very pleasant seat, where gravity and elegance seemed to re- 
side. A number of venerable trees spread their agreeable 
shades and formed a fit habitation for the Muses. Here Wm. 
Walter invited us in, but being on our journey we refused. 

The next town we came to was Dedham, where Ames, the 



1 



1754.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 15 

famous astronomer lives. Just as we passed his house, an 
accident happened. The swivel, by which the horse drew the 
chair, came loose and fell against his heels, which set him in a 
terrible fright. He ran with all his might and took the chair 
into a small gate-way, but people being near at hand, delivered 
my young companions from impending ruin. 

DEDHAM. 

No remarkable place, but an old settled town. Some good 
buildings towards the middle. It contains three parishes. 
The roads are good, but pretty much up hill and down. After 
we repaired our chair, we rode as far as one Dean's, where we 
diverted ourselves with the affected gentility. Leaving Dean's, 
we rode next through Walpole. Here we had the company of 
a Bristol man who had that day come from Ipswich. 

WALPOLE. 

A country town, most remarkable for valleys and hills. The 
roads, as in Dedham. The Rev. Mr. Payson is the only min- 
ister here. About dark, we came into Wrentham, where we 
put up. After we had brought in all our things, we took a 
room to ourselves, drank a bowl of beverage, and supped 
upon lamb steaks. At supper, we had a very odd creature to 
wait upon us. By its dress, we judged it to be of the femi- 
nine gender. We made some sorrowful reflections upon the 
situation of our chums at college, but soon began to divert 
ourselves with Madam Dean's affected gentility. Miss Nabby 
made several pert observations. After we had considered the 
great deliverance we had experienced in the day time, with 
wishing each other good night, we betook ourselves to repos^. 
Miss Nabby lodged in our keeping room, Mr. Brown and I in 
a chamber overhead. 

July 10th. This day arose in the morning. "We had the 
company of the Bristol man I had seen before on our journey for 
several miles ; but before we set out, we breakfasted upon tea. 

WRENTHAM. 

A pretty, plain country town ; one or two very neat build- 
ings; one meeting-house, and a very good road through the 



16 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1754. 

greatest part of it. After we had rode about an hour, we 
came into Attleborough, and at length passed by Parson 
Weld's,* where we had a view of his numerous file of daugh- 
ters, out of a chamber window they were in. We made some 
stop, afterwards, at one Parson Clark's. The people begin 
now to appear in a sylvan roughness; the women in these 
parts w^ear but little more clothing than what nature gave 
them. The first stage we made was at Day's, where we 
called to change our horses, but not succeeding, we departed, 
and proceeded towards Providence, riding through a very 
sandy plain. 

ATTLEBOROUGH. 

A long country town, situated at a vast distance from the 
Eastern Ocean, the land somewhat poor and sandy, the roads 
very good, and but one meeting-house. We came, at last, to 
Sekonk, which is three miles in length and breadth, having 
upon it neither tree nor stone, but an exceeding fine road, and 
glorious riding. 

REHOBOTH. 

We saw nothing here but a large plain : it is the southern 
bounds of the Massachusetts dominions. After we had 
passed Sekonk Plains, we came over a large bridge, built 
exceeding high from the water ; the stream itself has a pro- 
digious fall. About twelve o'clock, we came to Providence, 
and put up at Capt. Ones, where we dined, and had a very 
good entertainment. A very pretty young lady belonging to 
the family, afforded us her company, and entertained us with 
her pleasant conversation. The house is furnished in a very 
elesant and curious manner. After we had rested ourselves 
and horses, we proceeded and rode through the delightful 
town of Providence, and passed the great bridge. 

PROVIDENCE 

Is a most beautiful place, lying on both sides of a fine river, 
in the north-westerly part of Rhode Island government. The 



♦ Rev. Habijah Weld, •who died in 1782, after a ministry of fifty-five years. His 
family consisted of four sons and eleven daughters. 



1754.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 17 

north-east side is built with two streets of painted houses, 
above which lies a most delightful hill, gradually ascending to 
a great distance, all cut into gardens, orchards, pleasant fields, 
and beautiful enclosures, which strike the eye with agreeable 
surprise. Here is a fine harbor for shipping, and a well-built 
bridge across the river. The town, on the south-west side, is 
not less elegant than on the north-east, but contains two or 
three streets of well-built houses. Providence is a very grow- 
ing and flourishing place, and the finest in New England. 
Here is one meeting-house, one church, one Quaker and one 
New-Light house for divine worship. The inhabitants of the 
place, in general, are very immoral, licentious and profane, 
and exceeding famous for contempt of the Sabbath. Gaming, 
gunning, horse-racing and the like, are as common on that day 
as on any other. Persons of all professions countenance such 
practices. From Providence we rode over a fine plain to 
Patuxet. 

PATUXET 

Is a pretty compact place, built upon a small river, over which 
is a very good bridge. From Patuxet we rode through a long 
desert country, in which we saw but a very few people, and 
they almost as rough as the trees. In riding through a great 
wood, we came, at length, to a house about the bigness of a 
hog-sty. The hut abounded in children, who came abroad 
to stare at us in great swarms, but were clothed only with a 
piece of cloth about the middle, blacker than the ground on 
which they trod. Miss Nabby began to wonder that the 
poor creatures did not wholly abandon themselves to sorrow 
and despair, but I told her, I made no doubt they enjoyed 
themselves as much in their savage condition, as she in all her 
elegance and plenty. 

We spent some time, as we rode along, in reflecting upon 
the unhappy circumstances of these people, and upon the 
different genius and inclinations of the humane mind. At 
length, being very dry, we came to another house, where we 
lit, and coming in, found five or six women in a little room 
without any floor, either over head or under foot. Two or 
three of them appeared to be young. One of the young 
3 



18 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1754. 

wenches made haste to draw us some water, while another 
made search for a drinkhig vessel, and the last gave us water 
in an old broken mug, almost as ancient as time, of which we 
drank very sparingly. After we had rode^a few miles further, 
we came to Major Stafford's : his daughter came to wait upon 
us, (after absconding for about two minutes,) barefooted and 
barelegged, with a fine patch and a silver knot on her head, 
with a snuff box in one hand, and a pinch at her nose in the 
other. She afforded abundance of amusement for my polite 
companions, which stuck by us longer than anything we met 
with in our journey. This Stafford's is in Warwick, about 
fifty-seven miles from Boston. 

WARWICK. 

A poor, but old-settled town, something populous, on the 
borders of Greenwich; the inhabitants very profane and unpo- 
lite. From Stafford's we proceeded to Wolcot's, just upon 
the edge of Greenwich. 

At Wolcot's, where we put up in the evening, we were 
much interrupted by the town's people coming in, cursing and 
swearing, and drinking, but at supper time we had a room by 
ourselves, and enjoyed freedom of conversation, which turned 
chiefly upon the affairs of the preceding day. Our supper 
afforded us some amusement, it being fried chickens and cur- 
rant sauce, sweetened with molasses ; but nothing so much 
diverted us as the Major's daughter. Observation. — Those 
people who, to appearance, live the most mean and sordid 
lives, seem to enjoy themselves, and to take as much pleasure 
in life as those who pass away their time in the most elegant 
and sumptuous manner. 

July 11th. This day arose very early in the morning, and, 
having fitted for our jovirney, we took our leave of Mr. Wol- 
cot, and set out through Greenwich ; but before we had got a 
mile it began to rain. 

GREENWICH 

Is a very populous shire town, and built compact on tiie north 
side. Here is one Baptist meeting-house and a court-house, 



1754.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 19 

handsomely erected. A little to the southward of the town, is 
a road, for about half a mile, upon a high ridge, with terrible 
valleys on both sides. We rode through Greenwich and a 
part of North Kingston, over a prodigious rocky way, about 
eight miles, while rain fell in impetuous showers, and made no 
stop till we came to Thomas, the Quaker's, where we dried 
ourselves, and breakfasted upon tea. We found here the 
dirtiest tavern-keeper that ever was made; all the wiiilc I 
stopped, I could scarce get a word out of him. After we had 
suliiciently dried our things, we called for our horses, and pro- 
ceeded on our journey to North Kingston, through a most ter- 
rible rocky country. 

NORTU KINGSTON. 

A very scattering town, exceeding stony, but very fertile, 
abounding in grass and the best of pasturage. After we had 
got to South Kingston, we came to the foot of Tower Hill; 
the ascent to the top is very easy, though from the first rising 
it is, for four miles, scarce perceivable. In many places the 
country on each side aflbrds a most beautiful prospect. The 
ascent, within a mile of the top, grows something steej) and 
rough. About one o'clock we reached the top of the hill, 
which is a large spacious plain, on which is built a handsome 
town, the houses exceeding neat, and the gardens very elegant. 

SOUTH KINGSTON. 

The whole township seems to contain Tower Hill, which is 
the most fertile part of New England. It is in the north- 
eastern part of the Narraganset country ; the compact part of 
the town is on the top of the hill, about ten miles from New- 
port, the metropolis of the government. The descent from the 
town, on the eastern side next the water, is very steep, but 
exceeding pleasant, diversified with little fields, grass enclo- 
sures, and artificial groves. Near the Presbyterian meeting- 
house, which stands in the centre of the place, are several 
large and elegant buildings, with some of the finest gardens 
in New England. The people here live in better position 
than in most parts of the government. South Kingston is a 
shire town, and is favored with the presence of the General 



20 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1754. 

Assembly once in two years. Having gained the top of the 
hill, we put up at Esq. Case's. Here we were received with 
the utmost civility and complaisance ; the Esq. came out him- 
self and welcomed us to Tower Hill, led us into one of his 
best rooms, and served us out wine with his own hands. Din- 
ner being ready, we sat down, and had everything in the best 
order, with the most genteel attendance. We found the Esq. 
to be a prodigious loquacious gentleman. Among the rest of 
his discourses, he told us that all the gentlemen that travelled 
the road from South Carolina to Piscataqua, had heard of his 
fame, and made his house a stage, and by a few subtle hints, 
gave us to understand that he was a Justice of the Peace. 
After dinner was over, we rose from the table, he clasped his 
wife round the neck and Idssed her, and going into our room, 
he entertained us with a long relation concerning the family 
of the Browns, and then offered to wait upon us down to the 
eastern part of the hill, to see a man that hung there in gib- 
bets, but we, excusing the matter, went ourselves to the bottom 
of the hill, and there beheld the sorrowful sight. The man 
had been there three years already, and his flesh was all dried 
fast to his bones, and was as black as an African's. The 
crimes for which he was thus exposed were robbery and mur- 
der. He was taken in the southern parts of Long Island with 
some indisposition, and being in a strange place, one Jackson, 
a leather merchant, travelling with his horse, found him and 
took pity on him, and being on his way to Rhode Island, bore 
all his expenses, and treated him with all the tenderness of a 
father, for near one hundred and fifty miles, till he arrived at 
South Kingston, where, being together about the dusk of the 
evening, near the great Quaker meeting-house, he took up a 
stone, and with it struck him down. Jackson begged his life, 
and that he might, and welcome, take all his wealth ; but he 
cursed and then fell upon him, and in a few minutes made full 
despatch of his innocent patron ; thus we have at once an 
horrid instance of ingratitude. After we had looked at the 
sorrowful spectacle a long time, we travelled up the hill with 
some difficulty. Being returned to Case's, we paid our reck- 
oning, and set out. After we had rode about a mile, we came 



1754.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 21 

to the great Quaker meeting-house, which is an odd-built 
thing, having a kitchen and chimney at one side. Towards 
the southern part of Kingston, we came to a hill, over which 
the road lay, with a shocking ledge of rocks. With much 
difficulty we passed it, and continuing our journey till about 
the dusk of the evening, we arrived at Capt. Hill's, in Charles- 
town, after a very tedious day's journey, through abundance 
of wet and heat. After we had taken in our things, we were 
entertained all the eveninii: with divers stories concernins: the 
adjacent country, by Capt. Hill's son. He gave us an insight 
into the laws and customs of the government, and told us that 
the natives iniiabited those parts, to the number of five or six 
hundred, and that tiieir king was a young man about eighteen 
years of age, at school at Newport. The place where we 
lodged is about five miles from the place where the great Nar- 
raganset battle was fought, in which so many soldiers expired. 

Julij 12lh. This morning, about daybreak, it rained very 
hard. We arose with the sun, soon after which it cleared 
away, and looked like a pleasant day. We breakfasted upon 
tea, and calling for our horses, set out. After we had rode 
about a mile and a half, we passed by the Narragnnset king's 
house, which stands in the midst of a spacious j)lain. It is a 
building two stories high, with two or three rooms on a floor, 
but of late it is miserably fallen to ruin. AVe had a sight of 
two of the king's sisters, who came to the door as we rode by. 
W^e still continued our progress through the Narraganset 
country, till we came to the borders of Westerly. 

CHARLESTOWN. 

Charlestown lies in the centre of the Narraganset country, 
in the place where the great battle was fought, so famous in 
our New England annals. The land here, for several miles 
near the sea-coast, is very smooth and pleasant. Here are 
some of the finest groves, fields, and grass enclosures, of any 
in New England. We rode through Westerly, meeting divers 
Indians, till we came to Weeden's, where we stopped till eleven. 
The weather being very hot, our horses were much overcome, 



22 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1754. 

but having refreshed both them and ourselves, we proceeded 
over a terrible rongh and uneven way, till we came to a river, 
which divides Rhode Island from Connecticut. 

WESTERLY 

Is the most western town in Rhode Island, and is a miserable, 
poor, unpopulated place, having nothing in it but woods, 
mountains and rocks, yet near the separating river there are 
divers good farms. The inhabitants seem to be, a great part 
of them, Indians. After we had passed the river over a large 
bridge, we came into Stonington, up and down whose rocky 
hills we rode, till coming to a great tree, we sat awhile under 
its shade and refreshed ourselves, after which we proceeded 
several miles, till at length Miss Nabby missed her capuchin. 
I immediately rode back, and found it within a mile of the 
place where we first missed it. After we had rode over some 
of the most frightful hills, so that Mr. Brown and his sister 
were obliged to alight and walk on foot, and so steep were 
they in places, that it was hardly safe riding down upon a 
single horse, having gone through a great deal of difficulty, 
we came to Col. Williams's. Here we made a small stop, 
and though almost overcome with the tediousness of our jour- 
ney, we left the tavern, and with it Stonington, about four 
o'clock. 

STONINGTON 

Is in the south-east part of Connecticut. It is bounded on 
the north by Preston, on the east by the Narraganset River, on 
the south by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by Groton. 
It is so called, from the great abundance of stones found here. 
The roads here were formerly almost impassable, but by reason 
of their being, for the most part, movable, it continually grows 
better. The town is all under improvement, and divided into 
stately farms. Here are four large parishes. Having got into 
Stonington, we came into the borders of Groton, of all places 
the most horrid and shocking. After we had rode about four 
miles, over a prodigious continuation of rocky mountains, we 
ascended upwards for some time, till at length we began to 
descend, and came to a smooth place, as we thought, at the 



1754.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 23 

bottom of the hill over which we rode; but coming to the end, 
we found before us a most horrible precipice, encumbered on 
every side with impenetrable thickets. The road we had to 
pass was excessive steep, over one entire chain of rocks, which 
descended like a winding pair of stairs, having the steps at an 
enormous distance from each other. Mr. Brown and his sister 
got out of the chair, and I dismounted for their assistance. 
Having fastened my horse, one took hold of the chair and the 
other of the horse, and with a vast deal of trouble, having 
followed the path which led to almost every point of the com- 
pass, we came to the bottom in safety; but bringing down 
my horse, he had like to have broken his neck. After this, we 
rode by a Quaker meeting-house, then by a Presbyterian, and 
at length, about half after eight o'clock, we came to the ferry, 
and thus, after a tedious journey of four days, we arrived in 
New London. Tiie roads were so excessively bad, that we 
were four hours and a half in riding the last eight miles. It 
was past eleven before we had crossed the ferry and got to Mr. 
Winthrop's. Mr. Brown and his sister were received by the 
whole family with all imaginable expressions of joy and satis- 
faction. After supper, we betook ourselves to repose. 

GROTON. 

Groton, the last town through which we passed, is bounded 
on the north by Norwich and Preston, on the east by Stoiiing- 
ton and Preston, on the south by the Atlantic, on the west by 
the Rivef Thames, which divides it from New London. It is 
a prodigious mountainous place, and may justly be reckoned 
to exceed all others on account of rocks. One thing remark- 
able here, is a bridge made of one entire stone. Here are two 
Dissenting meeting-houses, one Church, and one Quaker. The 
inhabitants live very scattering, except on the river, where is a 
street, comfortably built, inhabited by Baileys. The people 
diflfer exceedingly in religious sentiments. Mr. Johnson, one 
of the ministers, records in his parish no less than fifteen dif- 
ferent religions. 

Observation. — I have had an opportunity of seeing divers 
of the natives of the country in their own proper habits, on 



24 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1754. 

their own land, and in the exercise of their peculiar customs; 
and, upon the whole, one may justly conclude, that there is a 
great analogy between them and the people in the first ages of 
mankind ; those who lived in the golden age, so much extolled 
by the poets, in their dress, religion and manners, were very 
similar to our Indian neighbors. 

Jiily loth. This day arose, and found myself in a new 
country. After I had dressed myself, went down and break- 
fasted with Mr. Winthrop, his lady, and Madam Hide, to- 
gether with our own company. Then Mr. Brown and I walked 
out into the garden, which is very pleasant. A little to the 
north of Mr. Winthrop's house, is a fish pond, at the upper 
end of his orchard, from which a canal is cut, about tv/o feet 
wide, and near as deep, to the bottom of the garden, which 
lies on the south side of the house, so that this delightful 
stream falls through the orchard, house and garden ; at the 
lower end of which, next to the south, stands a mill, which is 
carried by this cascade. The garden itself is beautifully laid 
out, and abounds with a variety of herbs, fruits and flowers. 
After I had a view of all the works round the house, and had 
some conversation with Mr. Winthrop, I concluded to pay Mr. 
Jewett a visit. Accordingly, about eleven o'clock, I set out, 
and after riding ten miles, over a vast number of holes and 
rocky mountains, I came to Mr. Jewett's, where I was very 
civilly received. Mr. Jewett's consort lay very sick of the 
mumps, or some other strange disorder. She had this after- 
noon two doctors, who concluded that she might recover. In 
the afternoon, Mr. Jewett being absent, I spent a great deal of 
time in walking in the fields, and in his garden. His house 
stands in a very sightly place on the eastern side. We may 
see, from the doors, near forty miles down country. Mr. 
Jewett's family is not large. He has one son and one daugh- 
ter, and a negro servant. After we had prepared for bed, we 
all betook ourselves to repose. 

Jul// 14/A. This day being Sunday, I arose, and having 
breakfasted, we prepared for meeting. At about eleven o'clock 
we rode to the house of God, where I had an opportunity of 



1754.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 25 

hearing Mr. Jewett preach for the first time, though he had 
often preached before in Rowley, yet I always happened to be 
absent. After meeting, at noon, went to Esq. Raymond's, 
where I found Nathan Jewett, a young man that had formerly 
been at Cambridge, with Rev. Mr. David Jewett, at my cham- 
ber. Here I met with a great deal of civility, and was invited 
from among the company to go into another room, where I 
sat down and refreshed myself. The people in these parts 
never maive a dinner on Sunday between meetings, but have 
a feast at night. 

Observalion. — The people in the north parish of New Lon-. 
don appear to be civil and courteous, though not so polite as 
in Boston. They are not so showy in the meeting-house as 
in most country parishes in Boston government. Some of the 
young women wear hoops, though very much out of fashion. 
Their clothes arc commonly good, though not very elegantly 
put on. The greatest part of the men wear caps: a wig is 
scarce to be seen in the whole meeting-house. Many chil- 
dren wear no stockings or shoes. 

Jiilij lolh. # # # » After we had rode several miles, 
we came to PaugwanU, or North Salem, a place belonging 
entirely to my class-mate, Brown. Here we saw several line 
fields of wheat and other grain. Here are thirty tenants to 
near twelve thousand acres of land. When we had gotten 
out of Paugwank, we rode through a thick wood in the edge 
of East Haddam, till we came to Lyme. The first house we 
came to was Capt. Jewett's, the father of the young persons 
with me. As soon as we had hung (sic) our horses, we went 
in where the people were. When they came to know from 
whence I came, they treated me with' a great deal of courtesy 
and kindness. The Capt. gave me an invitation to tarry at 
his house as long as I pleased. In a few minutes dinner was 
made ready and brought in, and set upon a long table, round 
which the whole family gathered, both white and black. His 
family consists of nine sons and one daughter, two maids, and 
five to six negroes, in all, sixteen persons. After dinner I went 
out with Mr. Jewett and his sons, to see them work at a little 
distance from the house. Here 1 beheld an abundance of 
4 



26 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1754. 

good land, cleared and well brought to, upon which grew the 
finest grass, wheat, and Indian corn, I have seen anywhere this 
year, yet still I fancied it an unpleasant place, on account of 
its being encumbered with rocky and mountainous land, and 
having not above two houses in sight. ***** 

Observation. — I am greatly astonished when, upon travel- 
ling, I find the people of this country to carry their resentments 
against each other so high, on account of the differing senti- 
ments with respect to a few unessential modes and trifling 
circumstances in religious worship, at the same time all, of 
every persuasion, indulge in a custom, not only notoriously 
indecent, but the most subversive of the reverence due to the 
Grand Object of adoration, and this is a practice they have in 
all their assemblies of persons of both sexes meeting together, 
by which practice they utterly overthrow the design for which 
religious societies were established ; that people should make 
music vocal only, or vocal and instrumental together; and 
that they should imagine the reading of prayers, or the pro- 
nouncing of them extempore such a serious matter of con- 
science, and admit, universally, an evil from which so many 
fatal practices flow, to be practised with impunity in the con- 
gregations. 

******* 

MOHEGAN. 

July 22d. This town is about three miles square, lying in 
the north-east corner of New London. It has in it two hun- 
dred or three hundred Indians, who live in almost the primitive 
mode, and many of them cannot speak a word of English. 
TJiey wear a dress the most savage and barbarous that ever I 
saw. The Rev. Mr. Jewett formerly brought them to his 
meeting, but the separate preachers have of late drawn them 
away. However, Mr. Jewett continues to instruct them once 
a fortnight, in the principles of the Christian religion, at the 
public school-house, where they have a master to teach their 
children. * * * • 

As an instance of the prodigious plenty in these parts, the 
last year, I shall mention a short story my landlord told me, 
viz.: a man in his near neighborhood, having buried upwards 



1754:.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 2T 

of eighty bushels of potatoes last fall, made proclamation in 
the spring, that if any person would be at the trouble of dig- 
ging them up, he should have them all for his reward, but 
nobody appeared to undertake it, which is not only an instance 
of great plenty, but also of the wealthy circumstances of the 
people in town. 

WETHERSFIELD. 

July 23^. This paradise is seated on the western bank of 
Connecticut River, on an extended plain, gradually rising from 
the first range of squares, and reaciiing two or three miles each 
way, contains a vast number of the neatest buildings in 
America. The main street is most curiously levelled, and 
runs from north to south, as straight as a mathematical line, 
in the midst of which is a meeting-house of the oddest form. 
On the eastern side, between the buildings, and among a 
beautiful range of orchards, lay a ravishing continuation of 
gardens. The western head forms the front of several most 
elegant squares, all richly occupied with gardens and little 
fields of onions. But it is impossible for my tongue to utter* 
or my pen to describe the beauties of this place. In short, the 
town, by reason of its vast variety of squares, cut into most 
elegant forms, and decorated with the profusion of nature and 
art, the neatness and beauty of its edifices, and, lastly, by 
reason of the most delightful scenes and ravishing prospects, 
opening themselves to view on every hand, may well be 
thought to equal, if not to exceed, those blooming fields where 
the first and only happy pair of humane kind confessed the 
gentlest passion, and united in tiie softest embrace." 

Mr. Bailey continued his journey through Hartford, Spring- 
field and Worcester, to Cambridge, where he arrived on the 
27th day of July. His journal is full and minute to the dsty 
spoken of, but enough, perhaps, has been already extracted 
from it. 

In August of the same year, Jacob was again in Ports- 
mouth, and a guest of Rev. Mr. Langdon. Among others, he 
called on Mr. Wiberd, who, at his leaving, gave him "a pair 
of fine worsted stockings." Afterwards, calling on Mr. Haven, 



28 FRONTIER MISSIONARY; OR, [1754. 

he dined with him, by invitation. " He took me into his study, 
and presented me with a view of all his books, and, in the end, 
gave me three volumes in quarto." 

It would seem that greater liberty, in some respects, was 
allowed to students in Harvard College during Mr. Bailey's 
residence there, thati would now be granted. 

" May 1st, 1753. This day arrived here about three o'clock, 
Mrs. Page, and also Mrs. Nabby Thompson, of Mystic, and 
Mrs. Sally Clerck, of Boston, who came first to my chamber 
and then to Goodhue's, where we drank tea ; after which we 
went into the library, and then to my chamber, where I enter- 
tained them with a bowl of punch. Then Goodhue, Powers 
and I waited upon them back to Goodhue's chamber, and 
after drinking, conducted them to their chair, and there left 
them." 

The following is deemed worthy of being extracted : 

" Neivbury, Avgust 11th, 1754. This day being Sunday, we 
were, very early in the morning, called upon to arise. Upon 
coming down, we found a table prepared, and everything in 
order for drinking tea. After breakfast and prayers, we made 
ready for meeting, which began about ten o'clock. I sat this 
forenoon in (Rev.) Mr. Parsons' pew, it being the second high- 
est in the meeting-house. The next to ours was Dr. Sayres', 
and round about I saw several persons of my acquaintance, 
who came to me after meeting, and invited me to their habi- 
tations, but being pleasantly engaged with Mr. Parsons' family, 
I refused their kindness. At noon we drank a dish of tea 
again, after which Jona., Sam. and I retired into the orchard, 
where we spent the time in too much jollity for the season. 
In the afternoon we attended public worship. Here, as Mr. 
Parsons was urging the use of examination, and telling the 
people 'that some could not endure such doctrine, who, though 
they had never told the minister of it, had hinted as much to 
others,' upon which a certain fellow starts up and cries, ' Sir, 
you had better call me out by name ;' at which the whole con- 
gregation fell into laughter. After meeting, we returned to 
Mr. Parsons', and had a good supi:)er in readiness, after which 
I had some discourse with Mr. Parsons upon divers subjects. 



1754.] 



LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 



29 



but more especially concerning those rambling preachers, thai 
have dispersed themselves over these parts of the country, to 
the great disturbance both of ministers and people. Nio-ht 



[The following cut is a view of the meeting-house in which the incident, spoken of 
the preceding page, took place. J 




^■s.a4«R£r.fl./. 



NORTH WEST VIEW OF THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
NEWBURYPORT, MASS., 
IN WHICH ARE DEPOSITED THE REMAINS OF 

KEV. GEORGE WHITEFIELD. 

INCLUDING A DISTANT VIEW OF THE HOUSE IN WHICH HE DIED, 



coming on, S. Parsons, Jonathan and I, having obtained leave 
of his father, took a ramble through the town. We presently 
lit with N. Parker and some other young sparks, who joined 
themselves to our club. After we had visited several streets 
and lanes, we went into D. Bailey's, where we tarried a few 



30 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1755. 

minutes, and in going down to the water, we had the pleasure 
of seeing Thos. Bradbury and his cousin, Miss Betty Nolton, 
who invited me to visit them the next day. Accordingly, I 
engaged to breakfast with them the next morning, and so left 
them, after which we returned, through several streets and 
lanes, to Mr. Parsons'. The .old sir and his lady being now 
gone to repose, we three went into the kitchen, as far remote 
as possible from the intelligence, where we discoursed a long 
time with the maid, a young Scotch girl. We at length ar- 
rived at such a degree of extravagance, as to say whatever 
came uppermost. About twelve or one o'clock, tlie old lady 
arose and came into the room where we sat, which at first 
gave us some alarm, but finding her design not unfavorable, 
we contented ourselves till she retired, when we again resumed 
our merriment, till near two o'clock, when we went to rest. 

OBSERVATIONS. 

Observation 1. — Guilty persons seldom need any accuser 
but their own conscience, or witnesses beside themselves to 
declare their crimes. He must be endued with a more than 
common share of impudence, who can hear the aggravations 
of his guilt displayed without some evident tokens of regret 
in his countenance. 

Observation 2. — We should ever be cautious of exposing 
our weakness before servants, and persons of low stations in 
life, especially if we have any regard to being extensively 
useful." 

Mr. Bailey was graduated at Harvard College in 1755. 
Among his classmates were John Adams, afterwards President 
of the United States ; John Wentworth, who received the 
vj honorary degree of LL. D. from the Universities of Oxford 
and Aberdeen, and from Dartmouth College, was royal gover- 
nor of the province of New Hampshire and of Nova Scotia, 
and was created an English baronet in 1796 ; William Browne 
and David Sewall, both of whom became judges of the 
supreme court of Massachusetts, and the former afterwards 
royal governor of Bermuda ; Tristram Dalton, U. S. Senator ; 



1755.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 31 

Samuel Locke, S. T. D., President of Harvard College in 
1770 ; Rev. Wm. Willard Wheeler, Missionary of the Church 
of England at Georgetown, Me. ; Charles Cushing, Jonathan 
Bowman, and others. 

In a letter to his parents just before his graduating, he 
speaks in terms of warm gratitude of the interest which the 
Rev. Mr. Jewett of Rowley had taken in him. He says: " He 
not only instructed me for this society, (i. e. Harvard College,) 
but has since been almost the procuring cause of all my 
benefactions; and now, whilst in Boston, he spared no pains 
to advance my interests. I have everything of clothing for 
commencement, but only a pair of stockings and a gown." 

In a letter to Rev. Mr. Jewett, about the same, time, he ex- 
presses the like sentiments, and from his giving Mr. J. a state- 
ment of the amount due from him to the college, it is probable 
that he expected from that gentleman a loan of the sum 
necessary to discharge this debt. 



32 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1755. 



CHAPTER III. 

The importance which has always been attached to an uni- 
versal system of education in New England, is well known to 
all who are familiar with her history. 

From its earliest period provision has been made by law 
that every male* child should have the opportunity of ac- 
quiring at least the elements of learning at the public expense. 

This provision, of course, has called into requisition the 
services of many persons competent to teach. And as the 
school districts were of necessity small in area, their number 
was far greater than that of the towns. Till of late years, 
school teaching has not, as a general thing, been a distinct 
profession. 

The business was formerly followed mainly by college 
students of small means, in their vacations, or by graduates, 
who fitiding that a debt remained for their education, taught 
school in order to earn the money for discharging that debt. 

The profession to which they looked w^as at the end of their 
course as school-masters, and their continuance in this em- 
ployment depended entirely on the length of time necessary 
to free them from pecuniary embarrassment. 

Mr. Bailey followed this course. He had tried it during his 
second year in college, but from the short time in which he 
was so occupied, it would seem that it did not prove as profit- 



* It is believed that no provision was made for the public instruction oi fcmnhs till 
in the latter half of the last century. It is stated that females were not admitted 
into the public schools in Boston till the year 1700, and tlien at first only six months 
by way of experiment. — [IJarnum Field's statement at Teachers' Convention, Wor- 
cester, Mass., 1849.] 

Previous to the year 1789, boys only were taught in the public schools of Boston. 
In the year 1789 measures were taken for "instructing both sexes." — [The Public 
Schools of Boston, Boston Almanac, 1849, pp. 83, 84. 



1755.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 33 

able as perhaps he expected. The following extracts from his 
journal relate to this matter. 

Roivley, Jan. 13th, 1753. This day concluded first upon 
my keeping school. The young men to find wood, and the 
young women candles, and pay besides three shillings O. T., 
per week. This school was kept, as he says, in the first place 
in his sister's house, and was afterwards removed to . 

Jan. 15. The number of those who put themselves under 
my instructions is, males, seventeen; females, ten; total, 
twenty-seven. 

The school soon terminated, for under date of February 9th, 
he says, " this was the last day of my keeping school here." 

We next find him engaged in this employment shortly after 
completing his college course. He had left his native province 
and was in that of New Ilampsliire before August of this 
year, discharging the duties of his temporary profession. He 
thus writes to a friend at Cambridge : 

« Kingston, N. H., Sept. 29th, 1755. 
" To Mr. E. Sparhaivk, at Cambridge : 

" Dear Sir : — My lot is cast in a solitary region, where I 
have no amusement, except reflecting on that pleasant situa- 
tion I enjoyed a few weeks ago. I call it solitary, not so 
much for want of company, as because T can find no agreeable 
companions in the place where I reside. 

" It is a large town, consisting of three parishes, and this 
has no less than three hundred and sixty houses. My school 
has belonging to it above one hundred and fifty scholars, 
mostly young. 

" My time passes away uncheckercd with variety. I have 
no scenes of novelty to amuse, nor changing appearances to 
entertain my fancy. To-day opens the same prospect with 
yesterday, and to-morrow I expect nothing new. 

" I feel, however, the same temper towards Mother Harvard, 
which the Israelitish Songster had towards his beloved Jerusa- 
lem, when seated beside the waters of Babylon. 

" But instead of rivers or purling streams, I find nothing 
5 



34 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1756. 

except stagnating pools and dismal swamps ; instead of wil- 
low groves, the usual repose and retreat of disconsolate lovers, 
I have only ranges of shaggy hemlock, and the gloomy shades 
of lofty pines. As to a harp, never having used one, there re- 
mains none, either to hang up, or to fling away. The people 
in these parts have no very musical ears, so that an un- 
Harvardinium story will serve instead of a song." 

A letter which Mr. Bailey addressed to his classmate, John 
Adams, dated Kingston, Dec. 29th, 1755, brought one in re- 
turn, of which a fac simile is here given.* 

The nature and amount of his labors at this time may be 
learned from an extract of a letter that he wrote, dated Jan. 
4th, 1756: — "That you may have some conception of my 
situation, I must endeavor to acquaint you with my constant 
employ. From nine in the morning to the hour of ten in the 
evening, I am constantly in my school, except two hours, viz., 
from twelve to one, and from five to six. And this will by no 
means appear incredible, if you only consider the numbers 
under my inspection. 

" My constant attendants in the day are fifty, not to reckon 
divers others, who come and go as the weather permits : in 
the evening I have between thirty and forty, so that the whole 
number of my scholars, at least, are eighty-five. I have three 
grammarians, sixteen arithmeticians, and thirty-two writers." 

Siiortly after this Mr. Bailey writes thus to a friend : 

" Though whole forests of pine and hemlock cover this 
country, and oftentimes disturb our senses with their sooty in- 
fluence, yet all this is but a trifle, compared with the sooty 
conversation which fills every private apartment, as well as 
more public places of resort. Not only taverns and retailers' 
shops are infected with the most poisonous balderdash, but 
even the temples of the Most High are not exempted. 

" The late terrible dispensations of heaven have no manner 



* A fac simile of a letter from John Adams, afterwards President of the United 
States, is given opposite. This letter is thus superscribed : " To Mr. Jacob Bailey, 
Schoolmaster, at Kingston, N. Hampsliire. These." 




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1756.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 35 

of effect upon them, except it be to render them more hardened 
and vile. Drinking, Sabbath-breaiving, swearing, and im- 
modesty prevail, and what will be the event, God only knows. 
# * * I must tell you that I have the satisfaction of 
finding several blooming young creatures under my inspection, 
something inclined to virtue and modesty, but alas, I must 
leave these dear disciples in a few weeks, and I am afraid that 
after all they will be ruined by bad example." 

February lOM, 1756. Conckided his keeping school at 
Kingston for the present. A few days after he retunietl to 
his native place. While there, he mentions that one " night 
there was a (religious) meeting at my father's." He adds, by 
way of observation : " Private meetings tend greatly to keep 
up the life and spirit of religion in the world, if managed with 
prudence; and discretion." 

Mr. Bailey returned to Kingston and opened n pr irate school 
on the 1st of the following March, which, owing to some cause 
unexplained by him, terminated in about two weeks. 

He then made a visit to Cambridge, and says, that on the 
19th March " he saw the story of C^ueen Estiier and Human 
acted in the college chapel." 

A second attempt to establish a private school in his native 
town, seems to have proved equally unsuccessful, for he re- 
cords that about April 14 he " set up a small private school in 
Rowley," and about a month afterwards that he was "out of 
all employ." 

On a journey which Mr. Bailey made to Boston shortly 
after this, he says, " it was our fortune to fall in with Sir Wil- 
liam Pepperell, a familiar gentleman, with whom we had no 
inconsiderable diversion, till we arrived at Ipswich, at which 
place we parted." 

" On the 16th of June," as his journal states, "there was a 
general muster through the province, none being excused upon 
any occasion from making their appearance in the field." 

On the 21st of the same month Mr. Bailey went to Hamp- 
ton, N. H., in accordance with previous arrangements to take 
charge of the public school in that place. He says : " About 



36 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1757. 

the dusk of the evening, I was visited soon after my arrival 
by Dominie Weeks and the selectmen, with whom I had a 
wearisome conference. 

" June 22d. This day first entered into my school. I found 
a vast difference between my scholars here and those I had at 
Kingston. Afterwards he writes : " My situation at Hampton 
is perfectly agreeable. I enjoy all the satisfaction and delight 
a person can receive from objects of sense. My lodgings are 
contiguous to the great road, and surrounded with a variety of 
entertaining prospects. I am favored with the conversation of 
scholars, men of sense and learning, and when the gentle 
shadows of evening approach, a company of easy, ingenuous 
young ladies afibrd us their pleasing society to walk abroad 
into the streets or neighboring fields to view the beauties of 
nature." 

" Jul// 2d. This day begin to train my scholars in military 
exercises. 1 propose to set apart every Friday afternoon for 
spelling, and to appoint the boy who remains uppermost after 
the last word in the appropriated portion, captain, and the 
other officers successively in order." 

Some evidence of the estimation in which Mr. Bailey's ser- 
vices as a teacher were held by the people among whom he 
now was, will appear in the fact, that when he had been with 
them about four months, and was solicited to remove to a 
neighboring town, the citizens of Hampton increased his yearly 
pay £80, O. T. 

The following was evidently intended for publication. 
Whether or not it ever appeared in print, is not known. It is, 
however, thought worthy of a place here, for its statement of 
certain practices prevailing when it was written, and also for 
the singular theory of the writer as to their cause. 

"Hampton, Jan. 10th, 1757. 

" To Mr. Fou'Ie, Publisher of the Neiv Hampshire Gazette : 

' Discite non temnere divos.' — Virgil. 

"It is enough to fill a considerate mind with the deepest 
horror, to see with what irreverence and inattention many peo- 



1758.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 37 

pie attend sacred worship; they seem to rush into the Divine 
presence with the same lightness and airy appearance they 
carry to shows and places of diversion ; even in their addresses 
to the Supreme Majesty of Heaven, when their minds ought 
to be filled with the profoundest solemnity and the most awful 
conceptions, how often do their eyes rove unguarded, and 
wander from one gay object to another, till their hearts become 
lost to all serious impressions, till some pleasing amusement 
steals upon the fancy, and warmly engages all their devotion. 
" I shall add no more at present, but refer this question to 
the judgment of sober-thinking men, whether these disorders 
do not, in a great measure, proceed from both sexes being 
permitted to mingle in our public assemblies promiscuously?" 

In April, 1708, Mr. Bailey's labors, as a teacher at ITara'pton, 
were concluded. The following is entered in his journal at 
that time : 

" April Isf, 1708. This being tlie day I had appointed for 
any of my scholars who had an inclination to pay me a visit, 
I had my study almost full from nine o'clock to sunset, during 
which season I was inspired with many tender sensations. 
The little creatures who had been so long under my instruction, 
were exceedingly moved at parting, and the tokens of sorrow 
which they exhibited, had almost the same effect upon me. 

Obseri'tdioii. — Nothing gives a person, I believe, a more 
sensible feeling, than a separation from those who have, upon 
every occasi'on, afforded him their kind instructions." 

In speaking of a female acquaintance, whose disregard to 
sacred things, and even violent opposition and scoffmg, had 
been succeeded by a love and reverence of her Maker, an 
interest in the spiritual state of others, and an " aversion to 
all kinds of immodesty and immoderation," then too common, 
Mr. Bailey observes: "I had an opportunity, of late, to take 
notice of the Divine power in influencing the hearts of several, 
in a truly wonderful and surprising manner, which plainly 
shows, that no human consideration can avail against the 
efficacious operations of Heaven." 

What were the motives which induced him to leave Hamp- 



38 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1758. 

ton, where, he says, he spent nearly two years very pleasantly, 
he has not stated. 

Nor are there any means of knowing how he obtained a 
school in Gloucester, Mass., to which place he now removed, 
after a space of two months, in which he was unemployed. 
His first impressions may be learned from the following entry 
in his journal : 

" April 10///, 1758. This day being Monday, first opened 
my school, but found everything vastly different from what I 
had before been accustomed to in those regions of rusticity 
where 1 had formerly placed my abode. The scholars, I ob- 
served, began to use every method to impose upon me, and I 
presently found myself in a very unhappy situation, on account 
of my perfect ignorance, both of their characters and the man- 
ner of instruction they had been used to under former mas- 
ters." 

After having been in Gloucester nearly two months, Mr. 
Bailey undertook a journey to Portsmouth, and lodged^ with 
Col. Weeks, in Hampton. The next day he \vent on to the 
place of his destination. * * * " It being Sunday, we 
should have found it something difficult to travel, had not the 
smalljiox been in Hampton, so as to prevent the use of their 
meeting-house. * * We reached Portsmouth just as the 
bells were ringing for one (o'clock), and came to Col. Warner's, 
where we met with exceeding handsome treatment. In the 
afternoon I went to church, but was so overcome with the 
extreme heat, the fatigues of the journey, and the want of 
rest, that I should have certainly fallen asleep, had not novelty 
kept me awake. At evening I returned to the Colonel's, and 
spent some time in conversation with Mrs. Warner, on the 
ceremonies of the church." 

The next day, he adds: "I went to the printer's, where I 
engaged him to print a little book for children." 

On the fourth of the same month we find him at Exeter, 
N. H., at the house of Rev. Mr. Odlin, where the association 
of (Congregational) ministers were assembled. " Here," says 
he, " I found Mr. Merrill, Mr. Parker, Pike, and others, who 
came with an expectation of hearing my approbation dis- 



1758.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 39 

course. However, it was with the greatest difficulty I was 
prevailed upon to overcome my bashful humor so far as to 
read my discourse. When I had finished, I had the satisfac- 
tion to find it well received, and accordingly, after dinner, they 
gave me an approbation to preach the Gospel. O, that I may 
be improved as a blessing to mankind, and be an instrument 
of advancing the Redeemer's kingdom I" 

The subject of this Memoir was now a regular clergyman, 
according to the rules of the jircdominaiit denomination. Ilis 
labors in school teaching, during the three years since he left 
college, were arduous (as we have seen) and almost uninter- 
raitted. Under these circumstances, how he could have the 
opportunity of acquiring any large amount of theological 
knowledge, it were dillicult to tell. Yet, those "having au- 
thority," in his and their view, gave him ollicial permission, 
publicly, to teach and preach in the congregation. They must 
also have been satisfied of his personal piety, else they would 
hardly have consented to his occupying a position in which he 
would not only be regarded as a guide, but as an example to 
others. 

" July 19/A. Commencement day at Harvard College. # # 
About four o'clock in the afternoon meeting began, when I 
had to ascend the rostrum a second time, and to dispute from 
this question: Imperium sive hominibus prorsus necessarium 
sit?" 

In the course of a few days, Mr. Bailey again visited Ports- 
mouth. " When I arrived, about sunset, I called upon Mr. 
Fowle, where I found the little book printed, which I had pre- 
pared for children, after which I put up at Col. Warner's, and 
was very courteously received by him and his lady." On leav- 
ing this hospitable family, he received "seven louis from the 
Colonel, and to the value of as many pounds from his lady, to 
his own use." 

The journeys of which we have spoken above, did not, it 
would seem, interrupt Mr. Bailey's school at Gloucester, which 
was kept for him by a friend in his absence. 

It certainly appears strange to our present ideas of ministe- 
rial conduct, to read an entry in which he records that, being 



40 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1758. 

in company on an evening in August of this year, he " played 
several games of cards."" 

On another journey, made to New Hampshire, he stopped 
at Col. Weeks's, in Hampton, on the 13th of August. He 
says, in his journal of that date: " Mr. Brackett called at the 
gate, where I waited upon him, and had an invitation to Ports- 
mouth, which he imagined might be greatly for my advantage, 
as there was a mission vacant for a minister of the Church of 
England. This proposal wonderfully pleased both me and 
Mr. Weeks." 

The next day found Mr. Bailey in Portsmouth, at the house 
of his benefactor. Col. Warner. Dr. Brackett interested him- 
self in the matter about which he had spoken to Mr. Bailey in 
Hampton. But it would seem that, at present, inquiries only 
could be made, the result of which the Dr. promised to write 
to Mr. Bailey, after the return of the latter to Gloucester. 

Mr. Bailey did not fail, however, to call on Col. Weeks, in 
Hampton, on his homeward journey — when he says: " I re- 
lieved their impatience to hear of my success at Portsmouth." 
He also called on a classmate of his, in Salisbury, and " ac- 
quainted him with " his " designs of visiting England." 

On the evening of the same day, being in Rowley, he says: 
" I visited my parents, where I found my Aunt Bailey, who 
all cried out upon me when I discovered my resolutions of 
visiting London for orders; and after all, I found it extrem-ely 
difficult, with all the arguments I could use, to gain them over 
to any favorable sentiments concerning the Church of Eng- 
land." 

Mr. Bailey, on the next day, resumed his occupation of 
teaching in Gloucester. 

" October 21st. This day, at evening, visited Capt. Gibbs, 
and acquainted him with my business at Portsmouth, who 
seemed much pleased at the prospect, and assured me that he 
should see Mr. Brown shortly, himself, in Boston, when he 
would use his interest in my behalf." 

Under date of the 31st of the same month, Mr. Bailey writes 
to Dr. Brackett, at Portsmouth, N. H., who, it will be recol- 
lected, made the suggestion to him, that it might be for his 



1T59.] 



LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 



41 



interest to visit the latter place. ]Mr. Bailey refers to the above 
conversation with Capt. Gibbs, and says, that while he engaged 
to use his interest with Mr. Brown, he " imagines it proper, in 
the mean time, to have it mentioned to some gentlemen in 
Portsmouth." 

In a letter addressed to a friend, and dated Gloucester, Feb- 
ruary 26tii, 1759, he says: " I was at Hampton the first of this 
month; " and afterwards, in the same letter: " They have al- 
most made a Presbyterian preacher of me since I saw you." 

It is dillicult to tell to what this statement refers. Mr. 
Bailey had, for some months, been made, i. e,, "approbated" 
as a preacher, by a Congregational association. Does the 
above refer merely to a change of relations from that denomi- 
nation to the Presbyterian, or a regular ordination as a Con- 
gregational minister? And had this anything to do to prevent 
Mr. Bailey's intention of entering the Church of England? 
We have no means of answering these questions. 

An extract on page 40, has shown that the general ideas of 
what was proper in ministerial practice were not offended by 
clergymen who engaged in playing cards, and the subjoined 
extract will show that the public were equally tolerant with 
reference to their engaging in another amusement, as much 
objectionable to our modern notions of j^-opriety, 

" Roivlei/, May 30th, 1759. Towards evening, the actors 
came together at Mrs. Woodman's, when we attempted to 
perform the play of the Scapin. The actors were: — 



Octavian, 

Leander, . 

Gripe, 

Thrifty* 

Scapin, 

Sly, 

Shift, 



J. B.VILKl- 



Clara, 
Lucia, 



Polly P. 
Amelia. 



* The gentleman who sustained this character became a clergyman afterwards, if, 
indeed, he was not one at this lime. 



42 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1759. 

" After taking a dish of tea, we all together walked down 
to the meeting-house, and there diverted ourselves till dusk, 
then returning, we had an agreeable dance. 

" Hampton, June od. At eigiit o'clock I went down to 
(Rev.) Mr. Cotton's, and took breakfast, under the most pain- 
ful anxiety. After which, I resorted to the great chamber and 
perused my sermons, viewing, at the same time, with a pensive 
dulness, those surrounding scenes of beauty I had formerly, 
with so much pleasure, wandered through ; a glorious sun had 
brightened all the fields, and painted the grass with golden 
splendors. 

" When the bell rung, and we entered the meeting-house, I 
ascended the pulpit with the utmost agitation of spirit, but 
was enabled to go through the exercise with greater freedom 
than I expected. At noon, I had some compliments passed 
upon me, which were a little disagreeable. In the afternoon, 
preached from this text : ' And thou Solomon, my son,' etc. 
I had the satisfaction of having the utmost attention given, 
the whole congregation appeared serious, and when I came to 
address those dear young creatures, who had formerly been 
under my instruction, the concern which became visible in 
their countenances, affected me almost beyond measure. After 
meeting, I perceived that my discourses and performances had 
been greatly to the acceptance of Mr. Cotton. When family 
prayers were over, I walked up to Col. Weeks's. Here I re- 
ceived a great many compliments on account of my perform- 
ances. Good heavens, preserve me from the mighty swellings 
of pride! " 

Being in Cambridge on the 19th of July, Mr. Bailey was 
invited to preach three Sundays in Plymouth, Mass., which 
invitation he accepted. On the 21st, he began his journey 
from Gloucester, and reached Plymouth on the evening of the 
22d. " The famous Deacon Foster soon paid us a visit, but 
was, I perceived, under some apprehensions lest I should be a 
North Shore man, an appellation for Arminians." Mr. Bailey 
preached both parts of the next day in Plymouth, and left 
early the following morning for Gloucester. 

The following Sunday Mr. Bailey was again in the former 



1759.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 43 

town, and preached all day. " About six o'clock," he says in his 
journal, " I returned to my lodgings, and repairing to my cham- 
ber, endeavored to study, but was prevented, by a prodigious 
tumult in the street. I looked out of my window, which faced 
the great street, from whence, to my great surprise, I beheld a 
vast number of boys and girls diverting themselves in the most 
noisy manner. At length they entered a ruinous building on 
the opposite side of the way, and spent the remainder of the 
day and part of the evening, in j)laying hide-and-go-seek. This 
is the more remarkable, as the Plymouth people have always 
been most zealous pretenders to religion, and still are the 
greatest sticklers in th(! country for orthodoxy." 

Mr. Bailey fulfilled his agreement by preaching the third 
Sunday in Plymouth. Mr. Bailey also preached in " Glouces- 
ter Old Town," March 2oth of this year, and at Cape Ana 
Harbor the 19th of the following August, as appears by en- 
dorsements on a MS. sermon of his, still in existence. 

The following letter needs no remark : 

" Gloucestkr, Sept. 24th, 1759. 
" To Rev. Mr. Carter, in Boston: 

" Rev. Sir : — I take this opportunity to return you my grate- 
ful acknowledgments for the favor you have done me in lend- 
ing me ' Potter upon Church Government.' I have carefully 
perused it with Bennet's Abridgment, and fmd all the objec- 
tions against Episcopal ordination and conformity to the 
Church of England, answered entirely to my satisfaction. I 
would still entreat your advice, and should highly esteem the 
favor of receiving from you any further directions." 

In a letter of the same date, addressed to Dr. Silvester Gar- 
diner, at Boston, Mr. Bailey thanks him for the loan of his 
books, which had proved very satisfactory in determining his 
future course. 

" You will have an opportunity," the letter proceeds to say, 
"of conversing with Capt. Gibbs, whose generous notice first 
recommended me to gentlemen of your persuasion. And if 
you think proper to encourage my proceedings, I shall imme- 
diately endeavor after proper testimonials." 



44 FRONTIER MISSIONARY; OR, [1759. 

Mr. Bailey remained in Gloucester till the 13th of Decem- 
ber, to which date he probably kept school in that place.* 

A convenient opportunity is afforded, in this stage of his 
history, to make some observations on his character and acts 
up to this time. 

His early associations and struggles have been pretty fully 
spoken of, principally in his own language. 

Social distinctions were much more strongly marked a cen- 
tury since in New England than now. Even down to the 
Revolution, (as the writer is informed, by good authority,) the 
names of the members in the classes in the catalogue of Har- 
vard College were arranged according to the social rank of the 
parents or guardians of the students. 

Mr. Bailey's name stands lafit in the class of 17-55. His 
father was a farmer, a calling now considered as respectable 
as most occupations, but then placed below many others, 
which at the present time do not, of necessity, confer any 
marks of distinction. 

But when Mr. Bailey became a college student, he was at 
once admitted to the society of those who would not have 
noticed him as " a tiller of the soil." 

Thus we have seen him, in his sopiiomore year, the guest 
of the reverend clergy and of lawyers of distinction ; noticed, 
on more than one occasion, by Sir William Pepperell, and 
invited to visit that baronet; and dining with the father of his 
classmate, John Wentworth, the father then holding the office 
of Royal Governor of New Hampshire, which was afterwards 
conferred upon the son, who graduated in the same class with 
the subject of our sketch. 

Mr. Bailey deserves the credit of so discharging his duties 
during the four years that he taught in different places, that 
the thoughts of his faithfulness must have been a satisfaction 
to him during the whole of his after life. Those of his joiir- 
nals and letter-books that remain, afford abundant evidence of 
his interest, not only in the intellectual progress of his scholars. 



*In a letter, written man)- years afterwards, he says that he "kept the Grammar 
School ;it Cape Ann Harbor for about two years." 



1759.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 45 

but also in their manners and morals. To read them, one 
would suppose that he was engaged in a business to which he 
had devoted his life, and the labors in which were rewarded 
with abundance of honor and profit. 

Many letters to his female scholars are preserved. The 
mere fact that the master would write to liis pupils, must tlien 
have been considered as a remarkable condescension. These 
letters are not mere didactic compositions, excellent in them- 
selves, but from their form not likely to be interesting to youth, 
but they show a wonderful degree of ingenuity, in their adap- 
tation to those to whom they were addressed. Some of them 
contain stories of considerable length, whose object is to show 
the misery in which wickedness results, and especially some 
forms of wickedness peculiar to the time, and but lightly re- 
garded. A publication of these writings would do honor to 
the head and heart of their author. 

The schoolmaster also tried to refine the minds of his female 
scholars, by lending them sucli books as he thought conducive 
to that end. And from the mention he makes of his reading 
to them the works of suitable writers, it is fair to infer that his 
conversation with them was frequently of a higher character 
than that which at that time often marked the intercourse of 
parties in similar relations. 

It is not intended here to speak in detail of the religious 
character of that portion of the last century, which is now 
under notice. But it is confidently believed that the piety of 
Mr, Bailey was as deep and genuine as that of most other 
church members and ministers of the time. That a religious 
man, and more than all, a minister, should in these, our days, 
play cards, engage in private theatricals, drink wine and punch, 
and occasionally dance, would destroy his influence, and sub- 
ject him to discipline. But the very fact that these things 
were then done wWiout any concealment, and with no apparent 
consciousness of their impropriety, shows, in the absence of 
all other proof, that public opinion on these matters, was dif- 
ferent then. And we have other evidence to satisfy us that 
this view is correct. At this time it must be remembered that 
Mr. Bailey preached for Orthodox ministers and congrega- 



46 FRONTIER MISSIONARY; OR, [1759. 

tions, and no exception was taken to practices which must 
have been known. 

The Plymouth deacon " was under some apprehensions, 
lest Mr. Bailey should be a North Shore man, an a])pelli^ion 
for Arminians;" but the time had not then arrived for inquir- 
ing the minister's views on Total Abstinence ; being satisfied 
whether he knew how many cards there were in a pack, or 
knowing whether he had ever worn the sock or buskin. These 
were evidently trivial things in the eyes of that generation. 
That the latter part of the Lord's day should be desecrated by 
the noise and sports of children in the public street, and near 
Forefathers' Rock, " frightened not the town from its pro- 
priety." Church members and officers were too much intent 
on metaphysical questions, to concern themselves much with 
the works by which, as the Scriptures assure us, a true faith 
may be discerned. 

Mr. Bailey was one of the many who have left the ministry 
of the diflerent denominations, and entered that of the Epis- 
copal Church. It would be interesting to know his motives. 
Unfortunately, however, the series of his journals and letter- 
books at this time is broken. Could these missing documents 
be recovered, much light might be shed on this change. We 
learn, from those that remain, that it was not till nearly three 
years after he had graduated, that he ever attended the services 
of the Church of England,* for he speaks of the "novelty" of 
what he witnessed in the church at Portsmouth, N. H., and 
that this novelty prevented his falling asleep from the com- 
bined effects of the heat, fatigue, and wnnt of rest. His con- 
versations with Mr. Warner and Dr. Brackett, of that place, 
doubtless had some effect. He had interviews with the 
Rev. Arthur Brown, Rector of Queen's Chapel. From 
what we can learn, however, the influence and exertions of 
Capt. or Esq. Gibbs, of Gloucester, were most efficacious in 
determining Mr. Bailey to change his religious relations. In 
several parts of his journal this gentleman is spoken of in 



* The corner stone of Clirist Church, Cambridge, Mass., was not laid till 1760, five 
years after Mr. Bailey graduated at Harvard College. 



1759.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 47 

terms of warm approbation. Mr. Bailey records his first 
meeting with him in the following words : / 

" April 20lh, 1758. This evening had an interview with 
Esq. (^ibbs,* who behaved towards me with a degree of com- 
plaisance I had always been unaccustomed to, though, I must 
acknowledge, I have had my share even of extraordinary ca- 
resses from several persons, who have been in exalted stations. 
I was pleased with this gentleman's aversion to rusticity and 
profaneness." 

Mr. Bailey's letter to Rev. Mr. Caner, then Eector of King's 
Chapel, in Boston, has been given in full, and also extracts 
from his letter to Dr. Silvester Gardiner, at that time senior 
warden of the same church. Both these gentlemen loaned 
books to the subject of this Memoir, and undoubtedly had 
conversations with him on the subject of the Church. Beyond 
what has been mentioned, the materials for knowing the pro- 
gress and means of the change in his religious opinions, do 
not now exist. But it is the candid belief of the writer, that 
Mr. Bailey was qualified to discharge the duties of a minister 
to any Orthodox congregation over which he might be called 
to settle. 



* The writer of this Memoir has been able to obtain but scanty information respect- 
ing the gentleman spoken of. The following was politely communicated by John J. 
Babson, Esq., in a letter, dated Gloucester, May 16th, 1851 : 

" I can only, at the present moment, say a word of Mr. Gibbs. Of him all my 
knowledge may be expressed in a very few words. He first appears in Gloucester on 
the occasion of his marriage, November 30, 1727, to Mary, daughter of Thomas San- 
ders, a shipwright, who lived an obscure life here, but whose descendants, for three or 
four generations, emerged into considerable notice. ***** 

" Mr. Gibbs was a merchant in good standing, taking little part, I suppose, in town 
affairs, as I do not find his name often mentioned in connection with any public busi- 
ness. 

" No children are recorded to him, and, I think, there is no doubt that his marriage 
was unproductive of issue. 

" Mr. Gibbs is one of the few whose death is given by our Town Clerk, in office at 
his decease: —' Daniel Gibbs, Esq., died March 21st, 1762, in the 61st year of his age.' 
'Mrs. Mary Gibbs, wife of Daniel Gibbs, Esq., died January 17lh, 1769, in the 60th 
year of her age.' " 



48 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1759. 



CHAPTER IV. 

Mr. Bailey left Gloucester, for Boston, on the 13th December, 
1759. As he walked the whole distance, he was obliged to 
stop one night on the road. He lodged at Norwood's tavern, 
in Lynn. Speaking of the company which he found there, 
he says : " We had among us a soldier belonging to Capt. 
Hazen's company of rangers, who declared that several French- 
men were barbarously murdered by them, after quarters were 
given, and the villain added, I suppose to show his import- 
ance, that he ' split the head of one asunder, after he fell on 
his knees to implore mercy.' A specimen of New England 
clemency ! 

" December 14///. This morning we arose with the dawning 
lisht, and travelled on towards Boston. The wind blew from 
the N. W., and the weather was excessive cold. I presently 
found myself unable to proceed on my journey, which Mr. D, 
observing, he was so kind as to let me ride to the ferry, while 
he travelled on foot. 

" The sun had been risen about an hour when we arrived at 
Winnisimmet, but it was almost ten before we made Boston. 
* * * I then proceeded to Dr. (Silvester) Gardiner's, but, 
to my sorrow, found him very sick, and in such a situation 
that he could not be spoken with. This put me under a great 
disadvantage, as the ship, I was informed, would infallibly sail 
within a few days. I perceived, however, that the Dr. took 
notice of my affairs in the intervals of his disorder. His son, 
Jeremy, was heartily disposed to promote my interest, and 
engaged to see my business settled to my content. * * In 
the afternoon I visited (Rev.) Mr. Caner, who advised me to 
proceed immediately to Cambridge, for proper testimonials 
from the President and Fellows of the college, especially with 
regard to my conduct while I was a member of that society. 



1759.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 49 

" December 15th. About ten o'clock I arrived at collesfe, 
and entered those walls, where I had formerly resided with so 
much satisfaction. » * I waited upon the President* He 
kindly invited me into a parlor, and behaved towards me in a 
genteel and obliging manner, not only before, but after I had 
manifested my request. When I desired some testimonials of 
my moral conduct at college, he answered with mildness, and 
told me that a diploma would be the most advantageous thing 
I could possibly carry from that society, and added, that it 
should cost me nothing for the seal. I thanked him, and re- 
turned to college, after which a freshman waited upon me 
with a copy of a diploma. * • * About three o'clock I 
waited again upon the President, who behaved towards me 
not only with incivility, but a kind of barbarous roughness. 
Notwithstanding the weather was extreme cold, he caused me 
to tarry in an outer kitchen for near half an hour, without any 
fire to mitigate the prevailing severity, and finally refused to 
give me any testimonials, although it was well known that I 
was never punished for the breach of any college laws. He, 
however, signed my diploma, and sent me to the gentlemen of 
the corporation for the like favor. 

" About six o'clock I waited upon Mr. Caner, and was con- 
strained to give him the disagreeable news of my unsuccessful 
journey to Cambridge. Upon which he declared, with some 
emotion, that all my affairs were entirely confounded, and that 
it would be next to impossible for me to act with success. 
This atlbrded me a great deal of uneasiness, till he informed 
me that he had drawn my recommendatory letters to the so- 
ciety and his lordship, the Bishop of London ; and now, says 
he, if you can prevail upon the ministers of this town to sign 
these letters, you may possibly succeed, but if they refuse, 
nothing further can be done. 

" These discouragements whetted my industry, and made 
me careful to lose no time. I proceeded directly to Dr. Cut- 
ler, who readily put his name to the papers, as did likewise 
Mr. Troutbeck, to my great satisfaction. 

* Rev. Edward Holyoke, A. M. 



50 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1760. 

" December IQth. This clay being Sunday, went to Christ 
Church. Dined with Dr. Cutler. * * In the evening, 
waited upon Mr. Caner, where I found Mr. Apthorp, who did 
me the favor of signing my letters. I was very much pleased 
with his conversation, and that modesty he discovered in pro- 
posing his sentiments. 

" December 17th. Called, in the evening, upon Parson 
Hooper,* who behaved towards me with a great deal of com- 
plaisance. After looking over my testimonials, he declared 
them sufficient, but, nevertheless, refused to set his name to 
my recommendatory letters, objecting, that Mr. Caner had 
drawn them up without sufficient caution. 

" December 21st. This day, attended prayers, and dined 
with Mr. Caner. This gentleman has, upon every occasion, 
shown me an infinite deal of kindness. May Heaven prosper 
all my benefactors I * * * * * 

" December 26fh. This morning, waited upon Mr. Paxon, 
who engaged to use his interest with the commander of the 
Hind in my behalf, for a passage to England. 

****** 

^^ Januarij 6th, 1760. This morning, early, received orders 
from Capt. Bond, to wait upon him the next day at his lodg- 
ings. After church, went into Mr. Caner's, and tarried till 
dinner, but having received an invitation from Mr. Paxon, I 
waited upon him, was politely received, introduced into a fine 
parlor among several agreeable gentlemen. I found here the 
famous Kit Minot, Mr. McKensie, and one Mr. Stuart, a pretty 
young gentleman. I observed that our company, though 
chiefly upon the gay order, distinguished the day by a kind 
of reverent decorum. Our conversation was modest and per- 
fectly innocent, and I scarce remember my ever being in any 
company where I could behave with greater freedom. After 
attending divine service at Trinity Church, and hearing a 
sermon by Rev. Mr. Hooper, I waited upon Mr. Caner, and 
received from his own hands into my custody, those letters of 

* Rev. William Hooper, Rector of Trinity Church, Boston. 



1760.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB b"aILEY. 51 

recommendation which he had prepared to his grace the Arch- 
bishop of Canterbury, his lordship the Bishop of London, and 
the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts. 
****** 
^^ January 10th. * * Towards evening the boat appeared. 
In the boat's crew I discovered a young man, whose appear- 
ance and behavior pleased me mori; than all I had seen. I 
immediately applied to him for advice, and he courteously 
answered, that it was my best way to go directly on board. 
Accordingly, the boat was loosed in a few minutes, and I 
found myself floating upon the water. In our way to the 
ship we met Capt. Bond in a small schooner, returning towards 
the shore. He desired me, with all the insolence of power, to 
step into the schooner, while he entered the boat and proceeded 
to land. The wind blowing strong, it was some time before 
we could get on board the ship. At length, with difficulty, I 
clambered up the sides, and found myself in the midst of a 
most horrid confusion. The deck was crowded full of men, 
and the boatswain's shrill whistle, with the swearing and hal- 
looing of the petty officers, almost stunned my ears. I could 
find no retreat from this dismal hubbub, but was obliged to 
continue jostling among the crowd above an hour, before I 
could find anybody at leisure to direct me. At last, JNIr. Let- 
terman, the captain's steward, an honest Prussian, perceiving 
my disorder, introduced me through the steerage to the lieu- 
tenant. I found him sitting in the great cabin. He appeared 
to be a young man, scarce twenty years of age, and had in his 
countenance some indications of mildness. Upon my en- 
trance, he assumed a most important look, and with a big 
voice demanded to know my request. I informed him that I 
was a passenger on board the Hind, by the permission of Capt. 
Bond, and desired that he would be civil enough to direct me 
to the place of my destination. He replied, in this laconic 
style : ' Sir, 1 will take care to speak to one of my mates.' 
This was all the notice, at present, from these great nothings. 
But, happily, on my return from the cabin, I found ray chest 
and bedding carefully stowed away in the steerage. In the 



52 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1760. 

mean time, the ship was unmoored, and we fell gently down 
to Nantasket. 

" The cold was extreme at this season, the wind blowing hard 
from the north-west, and what added vastly to my affliction, 
was the disagreeable conversation around me. I spent an 
hour in walking under the half-deck, during which time I ob- 
served a young gentleman at a distance, walking, with a pen- 
sive air in his countenance. Coming near him, he advanced 
forward, and in a courteous manner invited me down between 
decks, to a place he called his berth. I thanked him for his 
kindness, and readily followed him down a ladder into a dark 
and dismal region, where the fumes of pitch, bilge v/ater, and 
other kinds of nastiness almost suffocated me in a minute. 
We had not proceeded far before we entered a small apart- 
ment, hung round with damp and greasy canvas, which made, 
on every hand, a most gloomy and frightful appearance, but a 
little superior, in my imagination, to the infernal abodes, where 
darkness and horror remain unmolested. In the middle stood 
a table of pine, varnished over with nasty slime, furnished 
with a bottle of rum and an old tin mug, with an hundred 
and fifty bruises and several holes, through which the liquoir 
poured in as many streams. This was quickly filled with 
toddy, and as speedily emptied by two or three companions, 
who presently joined us in this doleful retreat. Not all the 
scenes of horror about us could afford me much dismay, till I 
received the news that this detestable apartment was allotted 
by the captain to be the place of my habitation during the 
voyage! I endeavored to soothe the melancholy ideas that 
began to intrude upon my mind, by considering that I should, 
through the permission of a favorable Providence, shortly be 
in brighter regions. 

" Our company continually increased, when the most shock- 
ing oaths and curses resounded from every corner, some load- 
ing their neighbors with bitter execrations, while others uttered 
imprecations too awful to be recorded. The persons present 
were : first, the captain's clerk, the young fellow who gave me 
the invitation. He was born in Northampton, about sLxty 



1760.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 53 

miles from London, and was educated to the stationery em- 
ployment. I found him a person of considerable reading and 
observation, who had lied his native country on account of a 
young lady to whom he was engaged ; but his parents, for cer- 
tain reasons, appeared so violently against the match, that he 
was prevented from marrying. He would sometimes get 
drunk, and at other times behave in a most unaccountable 
manner. Second: Another was one John Tuzz, a midship- 
man, and one of my messmates ; he proved a good-natured, 
honest fellow, was apt to blunder in his conversation, but too 
frequently gave it a dash of extravagant profaneness. Third : 
Another of my messmates, named Butler, was a minister's 
son, who lived near Worcester, in England. His mother was 
a Bailey, and himself a descendant from Butler, the author of 
Hudibras. He aj)peared to be a man of fine sense, considera- 
ble breeding, a stiti' Jacobite; his language, upon all occasions, 
was extremely profane and immodest, yet nobody seemed a 
greater admirer of delicacy in women than himself. My fourth 
companion was one Spears, one of the mates, a most obliging, 
ingenious young gentleman ; he informed me that the captain 
had recommended mc to him, and that he should endeavor to 
make the passage as agreeable as possible, and accordingly he 
treated me, upon every occasion, with uncommon civility and 
kindness, and was as tender of me in my cruel sickness, as if 
he had been a brother, and what I most valued him for, was 
his aversion to swearing and obscenity. P'ifth : One of our 
company, this evening, was the carpenter of the ship. He 
looked like a country farmer, drank excessively, swore roundly, 
and talked extravagantly. Sixth: Another was one Shephard, 
an Irish midshipman, the greatest champion of profaneness 
that ever fell under my notice. The sacred name, at every 
word, was uttered with the strongest emphasis, and I scarce 
ever knew him to open his mouth without roaring out a tu- 
multuous volley of stormy oaths and imprecations. After we 
had passed away an hour or two together, Mr. Lisle, the lieu- 
tenant of marines, joined our company. He appeared about 
fifty years old, of a gigantic stature, and quickly distinguished 



54 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1760. 

himself by the quantities of hquor he poured down his throat. 
He also was very profane. 

" About nine o'clock tiie company began to think of supper, 
when a boy was called into the room. Nothing in human 
shape did I ever see before so loathsome and nasty. He had 
on his body a fragment only of a check shirt, his bosom was 
all naked and greasy, over his shoulders hung a bundle of 
woollen rags, which reached in strings almost down to his feet, 
and the whole composition was curiously adorned with little 
shining animals. The boy no sooner made his appearance, 
than one of our society accosted him in this gentle language: 
' Go, you * * rascal, and see wliether lobscouse is ready.' 
Upon this the fellow began to mutter and scratch his head, 
but after two or three hearty curses, went for the galley, and 
presently returned with an elegant dish, which he placed on 
the table. It was a composition of beef and onions, bread 
and potatoes, minced and stewed together, then served up 
with its broth, in a wooden tub, the half of a quarter cask. 
The table was furnished with two pewter plates, the half of 
one was melted away, and the other, full of holes, was more 
weather-beaten than the sides of the ship; one knife with a 
bone handle, one fork with a broken tine, half a metal spoon, 
and another, taken at Quebec, with part of the bowl cut off. 
When supper was ended, the company continued their exercise 
of drinking, swearing and carousing, till half an hour after 
two, when some of these obliging gentlemen made a motion 
for my taking some repose. Accordingly, a row of greasy 
canvas bags, hanging overhead by the beams, were unlashed. 
Into one of them it was proposed I should get, in order to 
sleep, but it was with the utmost difficulty I prevented myself 
from falling over on the other side. Here I endeavored to 
compose myself, but had no rest this night, except a few un- 
easy snatches. 

'■'■ Jatmarij 11th. In the morning I awoke with ten thousand 
dismal apprehensions ringing in ray cars, which gave me a very 
melancholy idea of my present situation, but being sensible 
that I must, for some time, endure it, I arose and put on as 



1760.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 55 

much cheerfulness as possible. We expected to sail every 
minute, till evening, when, the wind becoming unfair, we were 
obliged to continue still at anchor. 

'■'■ Jamiary 12th. This day began to reconcile myself, in some 
measure, to my new method of living. Nothing remarkable 
happened, except that the captain and oilicers endeavored to 
conceal a negro servant, belonging to Capt. Ellis, of Beverly, 
but Mr. Ellis, understanding his business, recovered his servant 
by authority. 

" Towards evening, several j)assengers came on board, viz.: 
Mr. Barons, late Collector, Major Grant, Mr. Baron's footman? 
and Mrs. Cruthers, the purser's wife, a native of New England. 
After some considerable dispute, I had my lodgings fixed in 
Mr. Pearson's berth, where Master Robant, Mr. Baron's man, 
and I, agreed to lie together in one large hammock. 

"As the Sabbath approached, I critically observed the beha- 
vior of our people, but fi)uii(l not the least respect paid to the 
approaching season by one person on board. 

^^ Jantiar// 13///, (tSinuIdij.) This day spent in a very dis- 
agreeable and scandalous manner, without any kind of divine 
worship. Our people, instead of keeping the Sabbath day 
holy, passed it away either in diversions or quarrels. * , ♦ 
This evening the barge returned from a cruise to one of 
the neighboring islands, when Mr. Glover, the lieutenant, and 
Mr. Pearson, gave an account of the following adventure. 
They came to a house where lived a man, who, in our country 
dialect, is called a substantial farmer; he had several pretty 
young daughters, whom he had taken great pains to educate. 
They could not only read and write, but understood letters to 
a considerable degree of perfection. Every lady admired their 
iimocence, modesty, and decent behavior, but the neighboring 
youths, in general, imagined tiiemselves too inferior to offer 
their addresses to these excellent virgins. JNIr. (clover and 
Mr. Pearson, however, had the happiness, by means of laced 
clothes, and loud, rattling oaths and imprecations, to get intro- 
duced to their company. They followed their suit with all 
expedition, and, in less than two days, seduced and ruined a 
couple of fine creatures, the one about sixteen, the other about 



56 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1760. 

eighteen years old. That this was really true, the following 
accident discovered. As Mr. Pearson was taking something 
out of his pocket-book, he dropjjed a paper that I took up and 
read, wliich was as follows: — 

"'Df,ar Sir: — 'Tis with the utmost regret I am forced to 
part with you, and shall have many a sorrowful hour till you 
return. 

'" I cannot think you will ever be so cruel as to forget one 
who has sacrificed my innocence, and, I fear, my happiness, to 
your pleasure. 

" ' Pray let me hear from you before you sail. 

" ' I am, sir, yours forever, 

» ' Sally.' " 

Five days passed, after the events recorded in the last ex- 
tract, and found the fleet still at anchor in Nantasket Roads. 

" Jamiarjj 19///. This morning, almost before daylight ap- 
peared, 1 awoke with the clangor of trumpets and the noise 
of whistles, and the bustling of all hands upon deck, by which 
I perceived that the ship was, at last, unmooring, and that we 
were preparing to sail. This instantly drove me from my 
repose, upon the quarter-deck, where I found a most serene 
and pleasant morning. In less than an hour, the whole fleet 
was under sail, and enjoyed a gentle breeze till we had sailed 
some leagues to the eastward of the lighthouse. Our fleet 
consisted of seven sail, viz. : the Hind, a twenty-gun ship, the 
Maria, the Ruby, the Molly, the Genoa Packet, the Galley, 
and the St. Paul. I stood with a melancholy feeling, to see 
the New England shores grow further and further distant, till 
the tops of the mountains, and, at last, the whole country, 
entirely disappeared. The wind quickly died away, and it 
was perfectly calm for an hour or two, which gave us some 
fearful apprehensions, but towards evening it sprang up a little 
to the eastward of south. It blew fresh, and we were obliged 
to keep the ship close hauled to the wind, which caused a 
great motion, and I presently was obliged to repair to my 
hammock, extremely sick, and so continued all night." 



1760.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 57 

The daily occurrences of the voyage arc related with more 
or less minuteness. Mr. Bailey mentions several acts of kind- 
ness and attention to him on the part of the petty olfieers of 
the ship, but which were, nevertheless, accompanied with 
rriuch that was unpleasant and repulsive. Thus, they with 
whom he dined, by invitation, one day, "tried to tem})t him 
into some fashionable excesses, and as the acciuaintance in- 
creased, were perpetually criticising his conversation." On 
one occasion he dined with the doctor of the ship, who did 
not hesitate to express Deislical, and even Atheistical, opinions. 

He states, in his journal, after he had been at sea a few 
days, that "at this season I was much emaciated with sick- 
ness, and oftentimes not less disconcerted at the abominable 
profaneness that everywhere prevailed, more especially in the 
apartment to which I had the misfortune to be confined.'' 

The following is gladly inserted, as it makes the captain of 
the ship appear in a more amiable light than previously : " I 
cannot help taking notice of the kindness of our captain to 
me, which, though conferred with a good deal of insolence, 
yet was exceedingly comfortable to me in my reduced condi- 
tion, since he ordered his servant to send me something every 
day from his table." 

After a terrific storm,* wliicii nearly proved the destruction 
of the ship and all on board of her, their ears were saluted, on 
the morning of Feb. Kith, with the joyful cry of land! " Such 
was my satisfaction," says our voyager, "at the sight of the 
British shores, which I had so long sighed for in my native 
country, that I could not forbear shedding tears upon the occa- 
sion. * # Exactly at twelve o'clock we came to anchor 
between St. Helens and Spithead, it being completely, to an 
hour, twenty-eight days, from the time we weighed anchor at 
Nantasket. The next day, (Sunday,) about eleven o'clock, the 
barge was hoisted out, and the captain, with Mr. Barons and 



* Mr. Bailey subsequently speaks, in his journal, of the accounts which the news- 
papers contained, of the disasters occasioned by this storm. The Hind was signal- 
ized by the Ramilies, a ninety-gun ship, on the loth inst. That very night, this ship 
was shipwrecked, and of a crew of seven hundred and thirty-four persons, only twenty- 
five escaped with their lives. 

8 



58 FRo:sTiEii missionary; or, [1760. 

his attendants, were preparing to land at Portsmouth, when 
I requested leave of our haughty commander to visit the shore, 
but he returned me answer, with all the insolence of tyranny, 
that ' I must wait for the return of the boat.' This disap- 
pointment raised my spirits to a prodigious degree, but I was 
constrained to vent my disappointment in silence. I took, 
however, a social dinner with the doctor, the purser, and his 
agreeable consort, after which, Mr. Major, a young gentleman 
who had conveyed his chest on board the Hind, but was disap- 
pointed of a passage, joined our company. Towards evening 
he was disposed to return towards Portsmouth, and having a 
large boat alongside, I requested the favor of accompanying 
him to the shore, which he readily granted. Having taken my 
leave of all friends in the ship, I left it with the greatest satis- 
faction, but not without a strong inclination of seeing again 
those who had been companions in so many dangers. In our 
way to the harbor, we passed by a vast number of ships, either 
lying at anchor, or getting under sail. In less than half an 
hour we landed on the strand, in Portsmouth, which was 
covered with a great multitude of people, chiefly boys and 
servants, at their several diversions. This opened to me a 
new scene, and quickly made me sensible that I was in a 
country different from New England. The gentleman who 
came on shore with me was a stranger to the city as well as 
myself, which occasioned me a great deal of uneasy confusion, 
since I was not acquainted with any living person. While I 
stood staring around me in the wildest disorder, a young lad 
came down to the water, and offered to carry my chest to any 
place I should direct. I, in a moment, recollected that it 
might be proper to have it reposited in some wagon-house, till 
it could be conveyed up to London. Accordingly, he put it 
down at the Blue Anchor, where I was informed that it would 
be put into the wagon the next morning." 

One of the officers of the Hind had given Mr. Bailey a let- 
ter of introduction to a lady who kept a boarding-house in 
Portsmouth, and immediately on his arrival there, he set out 
in search of her dwelling. He rambled through the streets, 
inquiring of many persons where the person lived to whom his 



1760.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 59 

letter was addressed. For a long time he conld gain no infor- 
mation, till, at last, " an honest-looking tar" ofl'ered to conduct 
him to the place of his destination. " I made no scruple," 
says Mr. Bailey, " to commit myself to his direction, especially 
when he told me that he belonged to the Diana, the ship in 
which Mr. Greaton* took his passage for England." The let- 
ter of introduction procured him a welcome, and, at last, he 
found himself in comfortable quarters, waiting for the first 
public conveyance to London. 

The reader can hardly have failed to remark the difficulties 
which Mr. Bailey encountered, and the trials to which he was 
subjected in his efibrts to obtain orders in the Church of Eng- 
land. We cannot easily account for the coldness with which 
he was treated by the President of Harvard College, or the 
refusal of that officer to certify the acknowledged fact, that his 
character was unexceptionable while he was a member of that 
institution. This refusal caused Mr. Bailey much anxiety and 
trouble, and nearly prevented his obtaining the testimonials 
required by the ecclesiastical authority in England. 

Although the subject of this Memoir found friends who had 
sufficient influence to secure him a passage in an armed ship, 
yet, it would seem, he could not obtain decent accommoda- 
tions on board, and that he was even obliged to share his 
hammock with the man servant of one of the passengers. 
The captain treated him witji a superciliousness little to be 
expected from one of a profession with which civility and 
politeness are uniformly associated. The petty officers of the 
ship, including the surgeon, appear to have been almost brutes 
in human shape, who bore the royal commission. Their pas- 
senger was an educated man, a licensed clergyman of the 
Congregational denomination, and the object of his voyage to 
England was to obtain orders in the Established Church. 
Yet their profaneness appears to have been unrestrained in 
his presence; they sought to tempt him into some fashionable 
excess; they made severe reflections on his native country; 



* Afterwards Rector of Christ Church, Boston, Mass. 



60 FRONTIER MISSIONARY; OR, [1760. 

and, even when he was a guest at their table, they criticised 
his pronunciation and manner of speaking. 

"We know not if Mr. Bailey's experience in obtaining testi- 
monials, and on his voyage to England, was a fair specimen 
©f that of other candidates, in general, for holy orders. If it 
were so, we cannot but admire the perseverance, and respect 
the strong principle which influenced these young men, not 
only to sacrifice the time and money necessary to the voyage, 
and to incur the dangers of the sea, but which could support 
them under the trial of being associated, for an indefinite 
time, with unmannerly, drunken, profane and licentious com- 
panions. We arc sure, that a person of a similar standing 
with Mr. Bailey, who should noio take passage in an armed 
ship, would not suffer as he was compelled to do. The naval 
service has gentlemen for its officers, and among them are 
bright ornaments of the religion which they profess. 

On the second day after Mr. Bailey's arrival in Portsmouth, 
he commenced his journey to London. The public convey- 
ance in which he took passage, is thus described by him: 
" These stage machines are built in the form of a common 
coach, but somewhat larger ; they are drawn by six horses, are 
capable of carrying six persons, with their bundles, which 
must never exceed fourteen pounds to a single passenger. 
Besides the proper body of the coach, there is a large apart- 
ment erected behind, which frequently contains seven or eight 
people. But it is very uncomfortable riding there in stormy 
weather, it being wholly uncovered, and exposed to the open 
air." Of the passengers that occupied the coach with him on 
this journey, he says : " A greater variety of characters and 
employments in life, perhaps were never before assembled 
together in so narrow an apartment." 

In the evening of the same day, ]Mr. Bailey reached the city 
of London, and lodged at '' the great Spread Eagle Inn, Grace 
Church Street." The next morning he called upon " Mr. But- 
ler, a noted bookseller, near King Street, Cheapside," and de- 
livered to him a letter of introduction. Through his assistance 
he engaged lodgings with a family, where other American cler- 
gymen and candidates for orders had resided. The same day 



1760.] LIFE OF KEY. JACOB BAILEY. 61 

he found INIr. Greaton, who had visited England to obtain 
ordination. 

On the 27th February, the subject of our Memoir waited 
upon Rev. Dr. Bearcroft, the Secretary of the Society for Pro- 
moting the Gospel in Foreign Parts, and delivered to him 
some letters, " together with a will, wherein a New England 
lady had left a legacy of <£ 1,000 sterling to the society." The 
same day he called on Rev. Dr. Nichols, and presented him 
with letters for his lordship the Bishop of London. 

" February 2Sth. This morning Mr. Greaton and I waited 
wpon the Archbishop of Canterbury,* at his palace at Lam- 
beth. We had the good fortune to find him at home. After 
being conducted, with a vast deal of ceremony, through ex- 
tended walks, grand halls, and spacious chambers, we were, at 
length, presented to his grace, who immediately rose from his 
seat and gave us his blessing, before we had an opportunity to 
kneel. He then desired us to sit, and conversed with us in the 
most easy and polite manner. He inquired of me concerning 
the war in America, and asked me 'what the sentiments of 
people were, in general, concerning Col. Amherst?' I an- 
swered him with caution and coolness, more than was neces- 
sary. After he had conversed freely for more than half an 
hour, taking pen and paper, he wrote to Dr. Nichols, that upon 
the recommendation I was able to produce, he need not be 
under any scruple of admitting me to ordination. * * * 

" Februarij 29lh. This morning I arose full of anxious con- 
cern, and, not tarrying for my breakfast, walked near two 
miles, to the place of my examination. I was presently intro- 
duced to the Doctor, (Nichols,) who received me with all that 
mildness which he always assumes towards his dependants- 
Requesting me to sit, he proceeded to ask me a great number 
of questions concerning my country, relations, and education- 
I observed that my answers appeared to give him satisfaction. 
At length, examination came on. He gave me, first, the Greek 
Testament, and desired me to render a portion of it either into 
Latin or English, according to my inclination. He likewise 

* Dr. Seeker. 



62 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1760. 

gave me liberty to choose what book or chapter I pleased. I 
happened to open about the middle of the first chapter of 
Matthew, and passed through this part of my examination 
with ease. The next book he put into my hand was Grotius 
de Veritate. Here I was not at my liberty, but he heard me 
to the first section in the Second Book, where I read ofi' that 
and two sections besides, into English, without receiving any 
correction. The last part of the examination was, to render 
the Thirty-nine Articles into Latin, and then to explain it. 
This I had the happiness to perform, not only to his accept- 
ance, but even far beyond what I could wish. After I had 
passed through the several forms used on these occasions, he 
dismissed me, with a declaration that he had the pleasure to 
find me qualified, and would recommend me for ordination 
the next Sunday. 

" March 2d. This morning arose early, and met my com- 
panions, according to agreement. # # I found Mr. Morton, 
a young gentleman from Philadelphia, arrived before me. * * 
When we had finished our breakfast, a couple of coaches 
appeared, to convey us to Fulham. We had a pleasant ride 
through a beautiful country, for the space of five miles beyond 
the town. * # About ten, we came in sight of the bishop's 
palace. * * The servants conducted us into a very odd 
apartment. We found, however, a good fire, which aiForded 
us a very seasonable refreshment, as the weather was chilly. 
We were presently joined by several other gentlemen, candi- 
dates for ordination. His lordship the Bishop of Rochester,* 
soon arrived, when we were called into his presence. Here 
we were obliged to subscribe the Thirty-nine Articles. The 
bell, a few minutes after, ringing for prayers, we were all 
shown into the chapel, where, after taking three oaths, we 
were admitted to deacons' orders by the Bishop, witli the as- 
sistance of Dr. Nichols and another clergyman. When we 
returned from the chapel, we were conducted into a vast large 
hall, entirely composed of the finest marble. It was arched 

* Dr. Zachary Pearce. 



1760.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 63 

overhead, and was at least twenty feet high. All the walls, 
as well as the grand canopy, were covered with the most strik- 
ing figures, so tliat this spacious apartment might truly be said 
to be fine without hangings, and beautiful without paint. In 
the middle stood a long table, covered with silver dishes. We 
sat down with his lordship of Rochester, the Bishop of Lon- 
don's lady, and several others, being, in all, twenty-one. We 
had ten servants to attend us, and were served with twenty- 
four different dishes, dressed in such an elegant manner, that 
many of us could scarce eat a mouthful. The drinking ves- 
sels were either of glass or of solid gold.* The Bishop was 
very sociable at table, but was seen to behave with a very 
important gravity. After paying eleven shillings a-piece for 
our orders, we drove into the city, and took a dish of tea to- 
gether, and then parted in friendship. 

^^ March '')lh. This morning waited upon the famous Mr. 
Benjamin Franklin, and received an invitation to dine. * * 
His son dined with us, a barrister-at-law. He is a gentleman 
of good education, but has passed away the ilower of his 
youth in too many extravagancies. 

****** 

" March 14th. This day was appointed for public fasting and 
prayer through Great Britain, to implore the divine blessing 
on the arms of the nation. In the afternoon, walked abroad 
with Messrs. Greaton and Morton. After rambling several 
miles, we came to Moorfields, and passing through them, we 
entered the lane which leads to Mr. Whitfield's famous taber- 
nacle. We saw multitudes of people crowding along from 



* In reading this description, allowance should be made for the novelty of the sights 
which met Mr. Bailey's eyes on this occasion. Ilis early days were passed in humble 
circumstances, and though afterwards he had some opportunity of associating with 
persons of wealth and refinement, yet it can hardly be supposed that he had ever been 
present at any entertainment in which much display of luxury and wealth had been 
made. Besides, America could not compete with England in the style of furniture 
and decorations of buildings. His description of his visit at the house of the Bishop, 
was, no doubt, according to his impressions at the time. That he was mistaken, in 
some degree, we know, from his remark, that " the drinking vessels were cither of 
glass or solid gold." It has been stated, by competent authority, that, even at the 
present day, services of gold plate are composed of silver, more or less heavily gilded. 



66 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1760. 

Grace, in passing out of the great room, condescended to ad- 
dress us very complacently, and gave us his blessing. * * 
From the chapter-house we went directly to the treasury, * * 
thence to the chancellor's house. Here we received X19 7^. 
6f/., the royal bounty to all American clergymen after ordina- 
tion. The king himself signed the order for the delivery of 
the money. I cannot but thankfully acknowledge the good- 
ness of Providence, this day, in succeeding my concerns, and 
so happily finishing the business for which I made this danger- 
ous voyage to London. I had the pleasure to be informed 
that the generous Society had appointed me their missionary, 
with a salary of £50 per annum, to begin from last Christmas. 
This was favorable, even beyond my most sanguine expecta- 
tions. 

****** 

" March 22d. This day received half a year's salary from 
Alderman Gosling, banker to the Society. * * I then rode 
to the upper part of New Bond Street, and bought a number 
of books. The afternoon I spent in collecting articles I de- 
signed to take with me to New England, having first visited 
the New England Coffee House, and agreed with Capt Watt 
for a passage, first paying for it ten guineas. 

****** 

" March 2^th. Visited Dr. Bearcroft with Mr. Greaton and 
Morton, where we received Leland's View of the Deistical 
"Writers, a present from his royal highness the Prince of Wales, 
and several other excellent pieces. About two, Mr. Morton 
called on me, and accompanied me to Mr. Franklin's, in 
Craven Street. We had four ladies at table. They all dined 
in full dress, without so much as taking their hats from their 
heads. Nothing could possibly be more agreeable than the 
conversation, behavior and entertainment of this afternoon. 

" March 26th. This day w^ent down the river with Mr. 

Greaton, to put our on board the frigate, at Stone 

Stairs. 

" 31aij 29th. About ten o'clock, to our inexpressible joy, we 
made the mountains of Agamenticus, on the coast of New 



1760.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 67 

England, having been out of sight of land from Cape Corn- 
wall, in Great Britain, thirty-two days." 

Mr. Bailey arrived in Boston a few days after, as we learn 
from the following item from the " Boston News Letter," of 
June 5th, 1760 : " Custom House, Boston, June 4th. Entered 
inwards, Watt, from London. In Capt. Watt came Passen- 
gers General Winslow, who was welcomed on shore, and con- 
gratulated by a great number of People, upon his return ; also, 
the Rev. Mr. James Grayton,* of Roxbury, and the Rev, Mr. 
Jacob Bailey, of Beverly,f two young gentlemen who have 
received Episcopal Ordination, the former for Christ's Church, 
in this Town, the other for a Church to be established at 
Pownalboro', on the Kennebeck River; and several other gen- 
tlemen." 

* Greatoa, f Rowley, 



68 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1606. 



CHAPTER V. 

Before we follow Mr. Bailey to his chosen field of labor, it 
becomes necessary to sketch the history of that part of the 
country in which that field was situated. 

As the French had led the way in colonizing other parts of 
America, so were they the first in exploring this region, and in 
attempting to settle it. The king of France had given to De 
Monts the whole of the country between the island of Cape 
Breton and the shores below Hudson River, and had called 
the territory Acadia. In the spring of 1604, De Monts, ac- 
companied by the future founder of Quebec, entered Annapo- 
lis River, in Nova Scotia, and granting a territory, extending 
some miles from its mouth, to one of his companions, sailed 
for the Schoodic, or St. Croix River, which now forms part of 
the north-eastern boundary of the United States. An island 
was chosen for the residence of the party, and fortified. The 
privations of one winter, however, caused them to abandon this 
locality the following spring, and to join the rest of the immi- 
grants on the pleasant river of Annapolis. The same season 
an exploring party, led by De Monts, ascended the Kennebec 
River, erected a cross, and took possession of the territory in the 
name of the king of France. While these expeditions were in 
progress, English enterprise was also excited. On the pretence 
of discovering a north-west passage, a party left Great Britain. 
After touching at a few places in Maine, the vessels ascended 
the Penobscot River, probably a considerable distance, and the 
commander also erected a cross, " a thing," he says, " never 
omitted by Christian travellers." Thus, in the same year, per- 
haps in the same month, the symbol of man's salvation was 
planted on the banks of the two noblest rivers in Maine. The 
leaders of both these expeditions were Protestants. The Eng- 
lish enterprise was disgraced by the seizure of five of the na- 



IGOG.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 69 

lives, who were carried to Great Britain. This act of unquali- 
fied baseness was, however. Providentially made productive of 
good.* Three of the captives were delivered to Sir Ferdi- 
NANDO Gorges, governor of Plymouth. A residence with him 
taught them the English language, and the accounts they gave 
of their native land first excited in their host that interest in 
the colonization of New England, which terminated only with 
his life. 

In IGOG, an association of English gentlemen was formed, 
for the purpose of colonizing America, and converting its 
savage inhabitants to the Christian religion. Althongh di- 
vided into two companies, yet they were under one general 
council of government. James I. gave them a royal charter. 
To one of these, called the Second Colony, or the Plymouth 
Company, was granted a territory, identical, to a great extent,f 
with that given to De Monts by the king of France. The re- 
ligion of the Church of England was established in the colo- 
nies to be formed. In the following year, the founders of Vir- 
ginia, under the patronage of the first of these companies, left 
their native land and commenced a settlement on James River. 
Late in August of the same year, public thanks to Almighty 
God were offered up on a peninsula in the Kennebec River, 
near its mouth, by a party who had landed from ships sent out 
by the Second, or Plymouth Company, to colonize their patent. 
A sermon w^as delivered on this occasion, their charter was 
read, and rules for the government were promulgated. Build- 
ings for public use, including a Church and a few slender 
cabins, were erected, with a rude fortification. Early winter 
witnessed the departure of the ships which had transported 
the colonists, leaving only forty-tive persons to undergo the 
unknown trials which might await them. Not the least of 
these trials was the extreme severity of the climate. In mid- 
winter fire consumed their storehouse, with the provisions it 



* " This accident must be acknowledged the means, under God, of putting on foot 
and giving life to all our plantations." — Sir Ferdinando Gorges' Briefe Narration. 
London : IG08. 

tTo the two companies all North America, from the 3-tth to the 4.5th degree of 
latitude, was granted. De Monts' patent extended one degree further north. 



70 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1607. 

contained. George Popham, their president, died. The ships 
sent from England the succeeding spring, brought news of the 
death of the Chief Justice of England, one of the principal 
men of the Plymouth Council, and also of another member, a 
brother to the " Admiral" of the colony, who had now become 
its president. These untoward events determined the emi- 
grants to return to their native country, and when the ships, 
despatched to their aid, entered the English harbor on their 
return, instead of bringing news of encouragement to the 
sagacious and enterprising men, who had attempted to trans- 
fer the religion and civilization of England to the hunting- 
grounds of the savages of North America, they landed dis- 
heartened adventurers, whose story and whose return would 
postpone, to a distant day, the renewal of an enterprise that 
had thus lamentably and visibly failed. 

As, by the royal letter of instructions, given to the early colo- 
nists, the religion and polity of the Church of England were 
distinctly established, and as religious services were held, and 
a sermon preached on the day of the debarkation of the colo- 
nists, at Kennebec, by their chaplain, who also olTiciated dur- 
ing the time the colony remained, it is certain that, on the 
shores of Atkins' Bay, the hallowed strains of England's ritual 
were heard at no infrequent intervals, during the autumn of 
1607, and the succeeding winter. And, therefore, these are 
the first instances of the use of the liturgy, and the perform- 
ance of the rites of the Episcopal Church in any part of the 
present United States, north of Virginia. And not only so, 
this was THE FIRST Protestant worship and preaching, by 

AN ORDAINED MINISTER, IN ANT PORTION OF THIS VAST TERRI- 
TORY.* 

New England was the name given to a region, extending 
from the fortieth parallel, eight degrees northward, in a new 
charter, granted to the Plymouth Council, in 1620. Several 
voyages, undertaken by private persons, had been made during 
the thirteen years which followed the failure of the colony at 
Kennebec. Although the famous Captain Jolui Sniilh was 

* See note B. 



1636.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 71 

engaged in two of these enterprises, yet nothing was effected 
in the way of colonizing the territory. A few persons, under 
Richard Vines, passed the winter of 1617, at the mouth of 
Saco River, but a party of English mutineers, who had been 
set on shore in the succeeding year, found there no white 
inhabitants, and were obliged to travel eastward, till they 
reached the island of Monhegan, a noted fishing station for 
the Europeans. 

Thirteen years after Vines' short stay at Saco, two patents 
were granted to him and others, of about eight square miles, 
on the banks of that river. The settlers on these grants pre- 
served friendly relations with their savage neighbors, and 
raised taxes for the support of religious worship, though no 
clergyman seems to have been among them at the time. But 
in in3G, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, who had obtained a grant of 
all the territory in Maine, w('st of the Kennebec River, sent 
over his nephew, William Gorges, in the cajiacity of governor. 
In the spring of that year, he opened a court in Saco, and thus 
established the first organized government within the limits of 
the present State of Maiiu^ In the autumn, " a book of rates 
for the minister, to be paid quarterly, the first payment to begin 
at Michaelmas next," was drawn up, and the sum of .£31 15s. 
was subscribed. The patent of this territory established the 
Church of England, and gave the patentee the patronage of 
all churches and chapels. Rev. Richard Gibson, an Episco- 
pal minister, was here at least as early as 1637, and remained 
on this side the Atlantic seven years before his return, part of 
which time was spent in Saco. It was in this place, then, 
that Episcopacy was first per mane nthj established in the terri- 
tory of Maine. But Gibson's labors, though given, perhaps, 
at first, in a great degree, to Saco, became afterwards extended, 
and the settlers at Richmond's Island, the Isles of Shoals, and 
at Piscataqua, enjoyed the benefits of his ministrations. In 
fact, he is known to have been the first minister of Ports- 
mouth, N. H. He was drawn into a controversy with a Puri- 
tan minister, of Dover, N. H., who attacked him, and he after- 
wards offered acknowledgments to Massachusetts, and in 1643 
returned to England. The testimony of those who regarded 



72 FRONTIEIl missionary; OR, [1660. 

the church of which he was a minister with no favorable feel- 
ings, is, that he was " a good scholar, a popular speaker, and 
highly esteemed as a Gospel minister," by those among whom 
he labored. 

A small island near the southerly shore of Cape Elizabeth, 
had been granted by the Plymouth Council to two persons, 
who appointed John Winter to manage their interest therein. 
It soon became a noted place for fishing, and the products of 
the sea and forest were exchanged to so large an extent for 
foreign commodities, that an European trade of some amount 
grew up, and continued many years. 

Rev. Robert Jordax, a clergyman of the Church of Eng- 
land, married Sarah, the daughter of this John Winter. It is 
certain that Jordan officiated during the first years of his resi- 
dence on Richmond's Island, and, as he is termed an "itinerant 
preacher to the people," his labors, like those of Gibson, may 
have extended even to New Hampshire. The original grantees 
of Richmond's Island evidently contemplated the regular per- 
formance of divine worship there, according to the ritual of 
the Church of England, if not the erection of a church, for, in 
the joint inventory between one of them and their agent, arti- 
cles used in the Church service are enumerated, such as " Com- 
munion vessels, cushions, etc." Jordan also exhibited a charge 
against the estate of his father-in-law, in 1045, "for my min- 
istry, as by composition, one-half year, £10." But Jordan's 
life was destined to be a checkered one. The whole of Rich- 
mond's Island was awarded to him, as legal representative of 
Winter, to satisfy a claim of the latter on the proprietors. 
The territory in which his estate was situated, changed owners 
more than once, and Jordan became involved in the political 
disputes arising from such lluctuations. We find him, at 
various times, acting in a judicial cajiaeity, appointed to his 
office by the power which, at the time, held possession of the 
Province of Maine. That he did not entirely lay aside the 
exercise of his ministerial oilice, appears from the fact that, in 
1660, he baptized some children, " after the exercise was ended 
on the Lord's day, in the house of Mrs. Mac Worth, in Fal- 
mouth," for which he was summoned before the General 



1677.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 73 

Court of Massachusetts, who also called him to an account, 
in the succeeding year, for solemnizing a marriage. Four 
years after, his house was attacked by Indians. He barely 
escaped with his life, to Great Island, now New Castle, in 
Piscataqua River, where he died, in 1679, aged 68, leaving a 
large landed estate. 

The territory of Maine, after many changes of ownership, 
passed, by purchase, into the hands of the neighboring colony 
of Massachusetts, in 1677. Thenceforward, the religious 
teachers encouraged in this Province were Puritans. 
10 



74 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1749. 



CHAPTER VI. 

In 1749, the representatives of the original proprietors of the 
Kennebec Purchase, with others who had joined them, held a 
meeting, to take measures for the improvement of their prop- 
erty. Four years after, a corporation was formed, by the 
name of the " Proprietors of the Kennebec Purchase from the 
late Colony of New Plymouth," though this corporation is 
generally called " The Plymouth Company." * 

f "In the year 1751, J a number of Germans having arrived 
in Boston, the Plymouth Company, as an inducement to them 
to settle in their patent, offered immediately to give each 
family one hundred acres of land, in what is now called Dres- 
den, to pay their passages from Boston, to advance them six 
months' provisions, and to build them a house of defence 
against the Indians. The only conditions imposed upon the 
settlers were, that each should clear five acres of land, and 
build an house, twenty feet by eighteen, within three years. 
These offers were accepted, and the descendants of those Ger- 
mans are yet to be distinguished in that neighborhood, by 
their patronymic names." The plantation begun by these 
people was called Frankfort. 

The wars between France and England involved their res- 
pective colonies in America, and the influence which the 
former had obtained over the Indians, was used in exciting 
them to attack the white settlers in Maine. As Richmond 
fort had become almost ruinous, another was built, in 1754, 



* See note C. 

t History of the Kennebec Purchase, by R. II. Gardiner, Esq. — Maine Historical 
Collections, II., p. 280. 

X After the revocation of the Edict of Xantcs, some of the French went to Ger- 
many, and with the Germans came thence to Frankfort, on the Kennebec, from the 
River Rhine. 



1749.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 75 

about one and a half miles above it, on the opposite side of 
the river, and called Fort Frankfort, or Fort Shirley. To this 
the inhabitants fled for security, when alarmed by the Indians. 
The circumstances of the people at Frankfort were extremely 
straitened. They had been transported to a region whose 
winters are long, and generally rigorous, and they were obliged 
to fell the enormous growth of timber which covered the 
ground, before anything could be raised for the support of 
themselves and their families. Unused to this kind of labor 
in their native country, their attempts to cut down the forest 
were awkward, and of course very toilsome. As it must be 
long before they could raise their own food, and as they had 
no means of renewing, in their new home, their clothing, when 
worn out, they were, of course, doomed to a protracted and 
severe struggle for the necessaries of life. It is evident, then, 
that a provision for religious instruction was entirely beyond 
their power. In fact, the whole of the present State of Maine, 
east of Brunswick, was at that time, and for some years after, 
(with the exception hereafter to be named,) entirely desti- 
tute of the services of a minister of any denomination. But 
Popish emissaries were not idle. In 1(505, the expedition of 
De Monts, (as before stated,) ascended the Kennebec River, 
•erected a cross, and took possession of the country in the name 
of the king of France. In 1612, De Biencourt and Biart 
visited the same river, and brought the natives to the profes- 
sion of the Romish religion, and allegiance to the French 
king.* Thirty-fourf years after, Drenillettes took up his abode 
in this region, and ofliciated in a chapel erected by the Indian 
converts. He was succeeded by the Bigots, father and son. 
When Ralle was killed by the English forces, at the Indian 
village of Norridgewock, in 1724, he had been their priest at 
that place for a (quarter of a century. As the Jesuits were 
well established in Canada, at the time of the death of Ralle, 
and as the route from the St. Lawrence to the Kennebec was 
well known to the Indians, and frequently passed over by 



* Bancroft's History of the United States, I., 27. 
t Bancroft's History of the United States, III., 13.5. 



76 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1754. 

them, emissaries of the Eomish Church could, with little com- 
parative difficulty, find their way into the country where the 
head-quarters of the Norridgevvock tribe had formerly existed. 
That these opportunities were not neglected, appears from the 
following narrative : " On the 4th of January, 1754, Mr. Peter 
Audron, a Jesuit, and missionary to the Norridgewock tribe, 
arrived at Frankfort. * * Mr. Bunyon, one of the German, 
or French settlers, accompanied the Jesuit to his habitation, 
which was about three or four miles above Cushnoc, at the dis- 
tance of half a mile from the eastern shore, and his house was 
surrounded by a number of Indian wigwams. The French were 
carrying on a settlement at Anondowincke, a remarkable situa- 
tion, between the head of Kennebeck and Ammagantick Lake, 
and, it is reported, that the above-mentioned Jesuit was busy 
among the French people, at Frankfort, to engage some of 
them to remove, and, for their encouragement, he promised 
each family two hundred acres of land, and some other advan- 
tages ; but, with all his arguments and insinuations, he was 
unable to prevail." * 

The poor settlers at Frankfort, thus exposed to the arts of 
Romish missionaries, and unable, themselves, to provide for 
religious teaching, looked in vain to any in America to assist 
them. No Protestant minister had ever been in the valley of, 
the Kennebec, of which we have any account, save at George- 
town, a settlement near the mouth of that river, and the last 
clergyman had left that place two years previously, while there 
was no prospect that the vacancy there would be supplied. 
Nothing, then, was left to these neglected pioneers but to 
apply to the benevolence of pious persons in England. In 
this emergency, the people of Frankfort joined with those in 
Georgetown, in petitioning the " Society for Propogating the 
Gospel in Foreign Parts," to send them a missionary. This 
petition, dated in 1754, states that they who signed it " are a 
collection of Protestants, from Great Britain^ Ireland, France 



*Rev. J. Bailey's MSS. Williamson's History of Maine, II., 297. Both of these 
authorities concur in stating that this visit of the Jesuit, with other facts, drew the 
attention of the General Court of Massachusetts, and led to the renewal or erection 
of forts, one of which was placed in the present town of Winslow. 






^ / .J'lVf "1^" Puphiiin's Coian\- I6'0^ 

2 Stir ,if Fort ituhnfinti , t/!:> 

3 S* Johru Church . Tawnalhirro 

If, — Mo- (xeiTi-qetcnt^n. . 

xV. S- Thenamej- or pirn rj^ are ^fe 

prevtous iv I77!f ■ 




1756.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 77 

and Germany^'' compelled, by poverty, " to accept, gladly, a 
Settlement on the Frontier of New England," who feel sensibly 
the want of " the Administration of God's Word and Sacra- 
ments, and their Children must be in evident Danger of falling 
into the grossest Ignorance and Irreligion, so as to become an 
easy Prey to the Popish Missionaries in that Neighbourhood, 
unless the Society shall send a Missionary to officiate to and 
instruct them." 

The Abstract of the Society, for 1755, states that " Gov- 
ernor Shirley, and other very worthy Persons, recommending 
Mr. Macclenag-Itan, that he had been for many Years a Dis- 
senting Teacher, but was become a Convert to the Church of 
Eng-land, as a proper Person for this Mission, on account of 
his uncommon Fortitude, and a Mind cheerfully disposed to 
undergo the Dangers and Difficulties to be expected in that 
Mission, the Society, Mr. Macdena^han having been received 
into the Holy Orders of our Church, hath appointed him their 
Missionary to George Town and Frankfort, and to the neigh- 
boring Places on the Eastern Frontier of the Province of Mas- 
sachusetts Bay." The annual stipend attached to this mission 
was fifty pounds sterling. 

In May, 1756, Mr. Macclenachan arrived at Kennebec, and 
took up his residence in Fort Richmond. His family after- 
wards joined him there. 

But one report of ]Mr. Macclenachan to the Society has been 
preserved. This is compiled from his letter to them, dated 
Richmond, August 5th, 1757. In this he speaks of his " dili- 
gence in preaching the Gospel on common Days, as well as 
the Lord's Day," and states that " the number of his Hearers 
increases." He complains "that there is no Church, either at 
George Town or Frankfort, nor Glebe nor House prepared for 
the Missionary, as was promised to the Society on his appoint- 
ment; but that he had, to that time, resided in an old disman- 
tled Fort, wonderfully, through God's mercy, preserved from a 
merciless Enemy, to whom he is often exposed." 

Mr. Macclenachan removed from his mission in December, 
1758.* A large territory was thus left without the services of 

* See note D. 



78 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1760. 

any resident minister of any denomination. The title of the 
incumbent of the Church Mission in this region was, " Itine- 
rant Missionary on the Eastern Frontier of Massachusetts 
Bay." This frontier was indeterminate, both in length and 
breadth. It extended from the ocean, indefinitely, towards 
Canada, and from Brunswick, as far east as any white people 
could be found. It was shortly after stated, by one who had 
the means of knowing, to be "one hundred miles in length, 
by sixty in breadth." Few roads had been made, and the set- 
tlements being on the banks of rivers and the sea-coast, the 
usual mode of travelling was by a canoe. At this time, and 
in fact for many years after, county roads, connecting one 
township with another, were entirely unknown. In summer, 
the canoe held the place of the wheeled carriage, while in 
winter, the icy surface of the frozen river formed the principal 
highway for the sleigh, and even for the ox-sled, with its heavy 
load.* It is evident, that it would be beyond the power of any 
one missionary to labor successfully in all parts of so large a 
field. But he was liable to be called on for services, even 
beyond the limits of the extensive region to which he was 
appointed. As the Church, in Portsmouth, N. H., was the first 
to be met with in travelling to Boston from these eastern parts, 
the mission may be said, in some sense, to have embraced all 
that was then settled of the present State of Maine. 

There was, at that time, but one county, that of York, whose 
limits included all th(> territory east of Piscataqua River. On 
the 10th of .lun(>, 17(i0, two new counties were taken from this, 
the more easterly one, the county of Lincoln, having Pownal- 
borough for its shire town. This town included the ancient 
plantation of Frankfort, and its area was so large, that it was 
afterwards divided into three towns.f In the succeeding year, 
the Plymouth Company erected the necessary county build- 
ings, one of which, the court-house, three stories in height, is 
still standing, a conspicuous object to all who pass on the 
Kennebec. 

Mr. Bailey arrived in Pownalborough, July Ist, 1760. He 



* See note Da. 

•j- Dresden, Alua, and Wiscassct. 



17G1.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 79 

represents the majority of llie inhabitants as extremely poor, 
and very ignorant, without the means of either religious or 
secular instruction. He resided, for the first few months, in 
the family of Cajit., (afterwards Major,) Samuel Goodwin, 
who had been in the country a number of years, as a surveyor 
and military officer. 



■t^'4{v;-^7^ 




[View ul' the Cc>urt-IIousi', ruwnu'.b nuugli, !>Liiiic.] 

But little is to be found touching l\Ir. Bailey's first year's 
labor as missionary. In a letter, (probably to Florentius Vas- 
sall, Ks(|., in liOndon,) he says: "I have been about two 
months upon the spot, have travelled through most of the set- 
tlements upon your patent, and been sixty miles up the Ken- 
Jiebec. Frankfort is now called Pownalborough, and has in it 
one hundred and fifteen families." 

After the court-house was built, in 17(j1, it was used, for 
many years, on Sundays, for the services of the Church. Pre- 
vious to this, these services must have been held in the chapel 
of Fort Richmond, and in private houses. 

The inhabitants of Frankfort, in their petition* to the Ven- 

* See note E, for the petition entire. 



80 FRONTIER, missionary; OR, [1762. 

erable Society, in 1759, for a missionary, stated that "they 
have a Glebe of 200 Acres of good Land, which, with their 
Contributions in Money, will not amount to less than £20. 
Sterling, per annum; and as soon as they enjoy the Blessing 
of Peace, they will build a Church and Parsonage House, 
and, in the mean time, they can have Rlclimond Fort for an 
House for the Minister, and the Chapel belonging to it for 
Divine Service, and the Farm around it for a Glebe." 

The people, from their poverty, were unable to perform the 
promises which were, no doubt, honestly made ; but, in the 
spring of 1761, Mr. Bailey removed to Richmond, and received 
a grant of the use of the land around the fort, to draw from it 
what profit he could. In August of this year, Mr. Bailey was 
married to Miss Sally, fourth daughter of Dr. John Weeks, of 
Hampton, N. H. The lady was much younger than himself. 
She had been one of his scholars, when he was teaching in 
the place of her residence, and much evidence yet remains 
that he was very assiduous in his endeavors to implant in her 
young mind the principles of morality and religion, as well as 
to improve her intellect and refine her manners.* 

In 1762, Rev. Henry Caner, of Boston, wrotef to the Society: 
" It is a great pleasure to me to hear, as I have repeatedly, that 
Mr. Bailey, lately sent missionary to Kennebec, is highly use- 
ful there, by his diligence, prudence, and exemplary conduct. 
That country, though a frontier, peoples very fast. Had they 
the happiness of two more such missionaries, one at the west- 
ern, the other at the eastern boundary, as Mr. Bailey is in the 
centre, the whole country would unite in one profession, with- 
out any perplexing disputes, or differing sentiments. But this 
is a matter which must be referred to the wisdom of the So- 
ciety." 

From the report of Mr. Bailey to the Society, in 1762, we 
learn, that a gentleman had presented to the parish a set of 
Communion ware, and that the congregations were on the 
increase, both at Povvnalborough and Georgetown. He states, 



* See note F. 

f Original letter quoted in Hawkins' •' Historical Notices of the Missions of the 
Church of England," p. 231. 



1701.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 81 

that the number of communicants is already above fifty. " It 
gives me great satisfaction," he continnes, " to find Industry, 
Morality and Religion, flourishing among a People, till, of 
late, abandoned to Disorder, Vice and Profaneness, which Al- 
teration is chiefly owing to the Performance of Divine Service, 
and those Pious Tracts, which the Society's Pious Care has 
dispersed." He acknowledges "the Receipt of a great Num- 
b(T of Catechisms and Common-Prayer Books, which will be 
of great Service to the younger Sort, and Promote the Decency 
of Divine Worship." However, he complains, that "the Mis- 
sion is attended with great Disadvantages, from the ]-*overty 
of the People, and the Dilliculties of Travelling in the Winter, 
when the Snow is sometimes Five or Six Feet deeji for several 
months. If a Missionary could be sent to George Toicm, 
Harpsicell, and Places adjacent, it would lessen these DilHcul- 
ties, and very much establish Religion among a People whom 
he is obliged, in Winter, to leave almost destitute; besides 
that, another Minister would give him an Opportunity to do 
more service in the New Settlements, and upon the neighbor- 
ing Rivers of S/ieepscott and Di(marascof/aJ^ 

In connection with this, occurs the following record : " The 
Society have also received a Petition from the Inhabitants of 
Georp^e Town and Harpsu'eU, on Kerinebeck River, dar(^d Dec. 
lith, 1761, thankfully acknowledging the Society's charity to 
them, to which it is owing, under God, that a sense of Religion 
is preserved among them;" and observing "that the large 
Increase of a poor, industrious People, consisting of above 
7,000 Inhabitants, (situated in a New Frontier Settlement, 
with not one Ordained Minister of any Denomination except 
iMr. Bailey,) obliges them humbly to request another Mission- 
ary for this large District. This favor they particularly en- 
treat for the Inhabitants of George Toivn and Harpsiuell^ which 
are about twenty miles from Poivnafboroiigh, where, and in the 
neighborhood of which, Mr. Baileij finds so full Employment, 
that he can atTord the Petitioners but a very small Proportion 
of his Service, and that to the Detriment of the Places contigu- 
ous to his Settled Abode. In Hopes of this further Increase 
11 



82 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1765. 

of the Society's Compassion, they have begun to build a 
Church, which is now in great Forwardness, and engage, in 
their present low and laborious State, to give the Missionary 
the Society shall be pleased to send, £20 Sterling per Annum, 
build him a Parsonage House, and, as their Circumstances 
enlarge, give him, from Time to Time, such further encourage- 
ment as may be Proof how highly they value the Blessing 
they now petition for." 

This petition is accompanied by a letter from the Rev. Mr. 
Caner, minister of the King's Chapel, in Boston, dated June 
10th, 1762, certifying that "the above is a faithful and modest 
account of the Condition of the People on Kennebeck River, 
and especially at George Town, where Mr. Bailey s greatest 
Diligence is utterly insufficient to answer the pressing Neces- 
sities of that People in regard to the Means of Publick Wor- 
ship, and begging such Assistance as their Circumstances do 
truly call for." 

In 1764, an Episcopal Church was formed in Falmouth, 
now Portland, Maine. 

But few materials remain for writing a detailed account of 
Mr. Bailey's life during the next five years.* That he was 
active and devoted to the duties of his Mission, appears from 
his reports to the Society, in which he gives the number of 
baptisms and of additions to the Communion. In conse- 
quence of the want of a parsonage, he became a tenant of 
others, and was obliged to remove his family more than once 
during this period, and a larger part of the time he resided in 
Richmond, while the services of the Church were performed, 
and most of his parishioners resided in Pownalborough, on 
the opposite side of the river. 

From the 2d volume of " The Works of John Adams," it 
seems that he made a journey to Pownalborough, in the sum- 
mer of 1765. No mention is made of the object of this jour- 
ney. As Mr. Adams was then in the practice of the law, it is 
to be presumed that his visit to these eastern parts might have 

* See note G. 



1766.] 



LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 83 



been, to attend to some case to be tried at the term of the com*t 
held at Pownalborough. ]Mr. Adams, it will be remembered, 
was a classmate of Mr. B. 

The following extract from a letter addressed to Mr. Bailey, 
and dated Boston, May 17th, 1766, is of interest, as concern- 
ing the history of the Church in New England:* " I must 
inform you that the Clergy of this and the neighbouring Towns, 
having been together some time ago, upon a special occasion, 
agreed upon a voluntary annual Convention of the whole Clergy 
of this Province, to which the Bishop of London has since given 
his Sanction. . The day appointed for this year is the first 
Wednesday in June, on which day there will be a Sermon 
preached before them at King's Chapel in this Town ; at which 
you are desired to be present, and to dine with me after Ser- 
mon. As you have few opportunities of meeting and convers- 
ing with your Brethren, I doubt not you will cheerfully lay 
hold of this, and take the benefit of the brotherly correspond- 
ence and advice which such an occasion altbrds. 

" I am. Dear Sir, 

" Your afiec. Bro. and humble Servant, 

» H. Caner." 

In his letter to the Society, in 17G(), he makes the following 
statement : " A great number of Indians fiequent this Neigh- 
bourhood. They are the Remains of the ancient Nurridf^e- 
walk Tribe, and lead a rambling Life. They support them- 
selves entirely by hunting, arc very savage in their Dress and 
Manners, have a Language of their own, l)ut universally speak 



* " We have now to remark the commencement of efforts for the better organiza- 
tion of the Cliurch. It had been determined by the clergy, who followed the remains 
of Dr. Cutler to the grave, in 1765, to have an annual convention at Boston, with a 
view to promote mutual love and harmony among themselves, and to assist each other 
with advice in difficult cases The plan was approved by the Bishop of London, and 
the first meeting took place in June, 1766. The appearance of fourteen clergymen, 
walking in their gowns and cassocks in procession to Church, was a novelty in America 
at that time, and was calculated to create an impression of the importance of the 
body to which they belonged. Dr. Caner, wlto was appointed moderator, preached the 
first sermon in King's Chapel." f 

t Macgilchist, June 27, 1766. 

Ilaiokins' Missions of the Church of England, p. 234. 



84: FRONTIER MISSIONARY; OR, [176T. 

French, and also profess the Romish Religion, and visit Canada 
once or twice a Year for Absolution. They have a great 
Aversion to the English Nation, chiefly owing to the Influence 
of Roman Catholick Missionaries, who, instead of endeavour- 
ing to reform their Morals, comply with them in their most 
extravagant Vices, and teach them that nothing is necessary 
to eternal Salvation, but to believe in the Name of Christ, to 
acknowledge the Pope, his holy Vicar, and to extirpate the 
Englislt, because they cruelly murdered the Saviour of Man- 
kind. He concludes one of his Letters with a Detail of the 
great Things Dr. Gardiner, a Physician of Boston, has done, 
and is doing, for the Church of England in these Parts; par- 
ticularly his generosity in giving the People oi Poivnalboroiiglt 
the use of Richmond House and Farm seven Years, for Mr. 
Baileifs Improvement; his subscribing largely, and soliciting 
a Subscription for building them a Church and Parsonage 
House; his publishing, at his own Expense, an Edition of 
Bishop Beveridge's Sermon on the Excellency of the Common 
Prayer, which has been dispersed to good Purpose; his inten- 
tion to give a Glebe, build a Church and Parsonage House, 
and endow it for the support of an Episcopal Minister, at 
Gardner^s Town." 

"From Sept. 26th, 1764, to Sept. 29th, 1765, Mr. Bailey 
baptized 43 Infants and 3 Adults ; and from Sept. 29th, 1765, 
to Sept. 23d, 1766, baptized 38 Infants and 1 Adult ; and in 
each Year had an Addition of 2 new Communicants.'' 

The clergy of Massachusetts and Rhode Island met in con- 
vention in Boston, June 6th, 1767. They drew up a report to 
the Venerable Society, which contained notices of several 
missions in those provinces. This report, which was dated 
June 7th, concluded with an earnest appeal to the Society for 
American bishops. Mr. Bailey signed this paper, with thirteen 
others of his clerical brethren.* 

Mr. Bailey wrote to his brother-in-law, Rev. J. Wingate 
"Weeks, Rector of St. Michael's Church, Marblehead, Mass., 
under date of November 13th, 1767, as follows : " I find the 

* Hawkins' Historical Notices, etc., p. 39G. 



1767.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 85 

treasurers at Georgetown are determined to prevent us from 
drawing the rates belonging to the Church people, unless we 
can recover them by a law-suit. By wiiat I can find out, there 
are £400 or X500 already in their hands." 

The original Presbyterian, or Congregational Society, in 
Georgetown, was destitute of a minister for thirteen years, 
commencing with 1752. During that time, it had been in- 
debted to missionaries of the Church of England for all the 
regular religious services which it enjoyed. The place was 
esj)ecially included in the mission on the eastern frontiers of 
Massachusetts Bay, and was visited by Mr. Bailey and his 
predecessor, as often as was practicable. Indeed, l\Ir. Bailey 
states that he had "frequently preached there, and adminis- 
tered the Sacraments, and found the Disscmters so much in- 
clined to the Church, that had they a Missionary resident, 
they would probably come over to it." 

Under such circumstances, the withholding of these rates, 
contributed by the people^, to whom the town was indebted for 
the ordinances of religion during a considerable part of so 
long a time, seems to be inexcusable. 

Under date of October 30th, 1767, Mr. Bailey, in his report 
to the Society P. G,, etc., "expresses his Satisfaction to find 
that the poor People, who petitioned the Society for a Minis- 
ter, continue steady to the Church, as do the i)oor Lutherans 
and Calcinists, and most of the young People among the 
other various Denominations. From Ort., 176G, to Or/., 1707, 
he baptized oi Infants and 1 Adult, and had an Addition of 2 
new Communicants." 

The Secretary of the Venerable Society wrote Mr. Bailey, 
towards the close of the present year, and stated that he had 
been informed, by a person who had visited Pownalborough 
some months before, that the Church people in that town "had 
not yet procured a house for him to live in, nor had hardly 
done anything in pursuance of their engagements to the So- 
ciety." He gives Mr. Bailey credit for "his great tenderness 
for his people, in not making any mention of this matter." 
Fearing that this delinquency might have "put Mr. Bailey to 
sonfie dilficulties, and desirous to give him some present relief, 
the Society ordered him a gratuity of Ten Pounds." 



86. FRONTIER missionary; or, [1769. 

In the course of the next year, Mr. Bailey received an invi- 
tation to remove to Amesbury, Mass., and to take charge of 
the Church there. Many considerations must have conspired 
to induce him to accept this invitation, yet he decided to re- 
main in that remote region, among the poor people to whom 
he had ministered nearly eight years. 

The Rev. William Willard Wheeler entered upon the Mis- 
sion in Georgetown, during the summer of this year, and thus 
relieved Mr. Bailey of some of the labor imposed upon him, 
in visiting and officiating at a place some miles from his resi- 
dence. . 

Some measures appear to have been taken, in 1769, towards 
the erection of a Church in Pownalborough. Dr. Silvester 
Gardiner interested himself much in the enterprise. He solic- 
ited subscriptions, and himself contributed largely. In a let- 
ter to Mr. Bailey, accompanying the plans, Dr. Gardiner says 
of the proposed building: " It will be one of the prettiest in the 
Province, and not expensive, and a bigger one you can't build." 

The prospect of the erection of a Church in Pownalborough, 
seems tc) have excited the opposition of a few of the citizens. 
The following letter sufficiently explains itself: — 

" Pownalborough, March 21st, 1769. 

" To Rev. Mr. Walter, Boston : 

"Dear Sir: — The bearer of this letter, IVIr. Ridall, was edu- 
cated a Lutheran, but has, for some years past, been a com- 
municant in the Church of England. He appeared well 
affected to our worship, till the Dissenters lately insinuated 
that the constitution, discipline and worship of the Lutheran 
Church agree almost exactly with the Independants of this 
country, and are in no respect like the Church of England. 
He cannot read English, but understands German very well, 
and by perusing some authors in that language, declares him- 
self satisfied with the Church, but entreats the favor that you 
would, by a line, signify which is nearer to the Lutherans, the 
Independants, or the Church of England, that he may show 
it for the satisfaction of his countrymen here, who are willing 
to abide by your determination." 



1771.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. , 87 

The building of the church was delayed from some unex- 
plained cause, and it was not finished till the autumn of the 
succeeding year. Mr. Bailey writes, under date of November 
5th, 1770 : " We performed service yesterday in our new 
Church, The outside is completely finished, the windows 
glazed and put up, the floor laid, and a temporary pulpit built. 
I had a full congregation, and gave them a discourse from 
Ecclesiastes v. 1 and 2 verses." The church was called St. 
John's Church, Pownalborough. In writing to the Society in 
England, he says: "The dimensions of the Cliurch are sixty 
feet in length, including the chancel, and thirty-two feet in 
breadth. 1 acknowledge not only the generosity of Dr. Gar- 
diner, but also the charitable assistance of several gentlemen 
in Marblehead, and other places. # * I have received no 
support, except the Society's salary, for two years past, and 
have, besides, been at considerable expense in forwarding the 
Church." And again, speaking of the Church, he states that 
"they were much obliged for it to the liberality of Dr. Gard- 
iner, who gave £50 sterling towards it. He has also built a 
Church at Gardiner's Town, nine miles up the river, upon the 
banks of which are near 300 families, destitute of the ])ublic 
worship." 

The Church at Pownalborough was, at this time, only fitted 
temporarily for public worship. The pews were afterwards 
erected. On the 17th March, 1771, Mr. Bailey wrote to Dr. 
Gardiner: "I would submit to your consideration, whether it 
may not be proper to have something done to our Altar place, 
(sic,) that the Sacrament may be administered with greater 
decency. You doubtless recollect, that when I waited upon 
your Church Committee at Mr. Powell's, Mr. Gilbert Deblois 
promised that he would give us a Christening Basin and Ves- 
sels for the Communion. Would it be amiss to remind him 
of it ? " 

Late in the fall of this year, Mr. Bailey writes: " We have 
been removed into the parsonage-house this fortnight, and 
have one room already very comfortable. We have been 
obliged to board the workmen, and must still keep them till 
they have done another room, and secured us from the wea- 



88, FRONTIER missionary; or, [1771. 

ther." In another letter, he feels called upon to mention the 
"kindness of the people since my settlement among them," 
i. e,, removal into the parsonage-house, "for you must under- 
stand that I lived, heretofore, out of the Parish." 

The Memoir of Mr. Bailey has now been brought up to 
what may, perhaps, be considered as a turning point in that 
part of his life which was passed on the Kennebec. We have 
presented but a brief sketch of his history daring the first 
eleven years of his Mission. This brevity has been caused by 
the absence of any very striking events during this time. But 
an opportunity is afforded, at this stage of his history, to take 
a general view of men and things around him, from the time 
of his coming. The materials for this view are to be found, 
mainly, in one of his MSS., written, probably, in 1771. It is 
entitled, " Some Account of the first Mission on Kennebec 
River, with various transactions relative to the same, since my 
arrival, in 1760. In a letter to a friend." 

Speaking of the condition of the inhabitants in these east- 
ern regions, when he first came among them, Mr. Bailey says: 
" The people were thinly settled along the banks of rivers, in 
a country which afforded a rugged and disagreeable prospect ; 
were, in general, so poor, not to say idle, that their families 
almost sufiered for necessary food and clothing, and they lived 
in miserable huts, which scarce afforded them shelter from the 
inclemency of the weather in a rigorous climate. And their 
lodgings were rather worse than food, clothing, or habitations. 
I might here add many affecting instances of their extreme 
poverty, — that multitudes of children are obliged to go bare- 
foot through the whole winter, with hardly clothes to cover 
their nakedness, — that half the houses were without any 
chimneys, — that many people had no other beds than a heap 
of straw, — and whole families had scarce anything to subsist 
upon, for months together, except potatoes, roasted in the 
ashes. 

" Now, is it probable, that the inhabitants of such a wilder- 
ness country, in such necessitous circumstances, and so far 
distant from any large town, or cultivated region, should find 
means, cither to support the Gospel, or to provide proper 



1771.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 89 

instraction for their children? Besides, those who were born 
and educated in these remote parts, were so little acquainted 
with any religious worship, and had so long enjoyed their 
native ignorance, that they discovered hardly any inclination 
for rational or moral improvement. It is true, that these peo- 
ple had either been brought up, heretofore, where the Christian 
religion had been enjoyed, or were born of such parents as 
acknovvdedged the Gospel; but how many melanchol}- in- 
stances have I observed of this truth, — the impressions of 
religion and morality will quickly grow faint, or entirely vanish, 
where neither schools or Divine service are maintained. This 
I most positively affirm, that when I came to this countr}^, 
there was no settled minister of any denomination in the 
whole extensive territory. I found Christians of eight dilTer- 
ent persuasions; multitudes could neither read nor write; 
heads of families were unbaptized ; some had a very weak and 
imperfect notion of a future state, and fancied that they should 
enjoy their wives and children in another world ; many, I may 
add, most houses were destitute of Bibles, or any other books; 
they had no settled principles ; and, in short, their morals were 
extremely deficient. * * * * I would therefore ask all 
sober, candid, and impartial Christians, whether a people, so 
much under the dominion of poverty, ignorance and immo- 
rnlity, were not proper objects of charity, and whether the 
Society for Propagating the (rospel in Foreign Parts has done 
any injury by supporting a Mission for so many years, and for 
dispersing, by my hands. Bibles and other j/ions books, to the 
amount of above X30 sterling, prime cost, in London? * * 
" And, I would further reiuark, that, as no other worship 
has ever been established at Frankfort, but that of the Eng- 
lish Church, it cannot be removed without prejudice to the 
foreigners, as well as the children and younger people, who 
have been constantly used to our service, and, as many of them 
cannot read English, they are incapable of understanding, so 
as to profit by any other. I am conscious that my intentions 
in coming among this people, were to serve them in the best 
manner I was able, and I Hatter myself that in many instances 
they have received some advantage. I have ever compassion- 
12 



90 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1771. 

ated their poverty, and have been so far from making any 
demands upon them, that I have shared with them in many 
hardships and diiliculties. As to the French and Dutch, I 
have found them, in general, a sober, honest and industrious 
set of people ; and, notwithstanding some have been induced 
to sign for a Meeting, yet they all, except one or two Calvin- 
ists, declare that they had rather adhere to the Church, and 
besides, they acknowledge that their ministers, when they left 
Germany, strongly recommended their joining, if possible, 
with the Church of England. It appears, upon the whole, 
very hard, and is just matter of complaint, that in a land of 
religious liberty, and under a government where all religions 
are tolerated, any should be teased and persecuted on account 
of their particular modes of worship. Yet this is really the 
case at Pownal borough ; for, can a poor, ignorant man be at 
liberty to act his sentiments, when he is continually persuaded, 
entreated, reasoned with, and perhaps threatened, by a gentle- 
man of learning, wealth and influence, to whom he may pro- 
bably be indebted ? 

" As I observed before, upon my first arrival in this country, 
I found no settled minister, and not only a great deal of igno- 
rance, but a considerable degree of backwardness and indispo- 
sition to attend Divine service among people of every denomi- 
nation. This was partly owing to the difficulty of travelling, 
partly to the want of decent clothing, but chiefly, I conceive, 
to the want of a due sense of religious worship, for such as 
had been used to spend the Lord's day in idleness and loiter- 
ing at home, could not suddenly prevail upon themselves to 
reform, especially as there was some difficulty and expense in 
the affair. Few had, however, much to object against the 
Church of England, and Iwas frequently assured, by the old- 
est and most religious settlers, that if Missions were estab- 
lished at convenient distances, especially upon Kennebec 
Kiver, in such a manner as people might generally attend ser- 
vice, that it would meet with almost universal acceptance, and 
conduce greatly to serve the interest of religion and morality. 
These sentiments, so often proposed, together with the increas- 
ing demand for my labors, induced me to write in favor of 



1771.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 91 

new Missions, and at length one was established at Gcorge- 
towji. While I resided at Frankfort, I observed, with concern 
and comjiassion. that the French and Dutch children were 
likely to be brought up in ignorance, for want of a school. 
This induced me to offer to instruct them gratis, but travel- 
ling was then so very difficult, and many were in such neces- 
sitous circumstances, that I had but a very few scholars, and 
when winter came on, nothing of this kind could be continued, 
and in the spring, I was obliged to change my lodgings, and 
reside at Richmond, on the other side of the river. The fn'st 
summer of my Mission, I officiated at Georgetown every third 
Sunday, and was constrained to endure a great deal of hard- 
ship and fatigue, being obliged to travel by water no less than 
eighteen miles. Once, I remember, on the last of November, 
after being eight liours on the water, in my way to George- 
town, without anything either to eat or drink, it was my mis- 
fortune to be lost in the woods, where I was exposed all night 
in the open air to a most severe storm of wind, rain, thunder 
and lightning. And commonly, in my journeys to and from 
Georgetown, I sufficed a great deal with hunger, cold and wet, 
and in the summer, was often aillicted with extreme heat, and 
assaulted with armies of flies and musketoes. Sometimes, 
for a whole season together, I have been obliged to undertake 
this little, but ditlicult voyage, alone, — have had the misfor- 
tune to be cast away by the violence of winds and waves, and 
to travel, for miles together, through the woods, over rocks and 
precipices, with my books and habit, having nothing to eat 
from morning to night. I think every one must acknowledge 
that it required no small degree of resolution, prudence and 
patience, as well as strength of constitution, to conduct mat- 
ters properly among such an ignorant and unsteady people, 
and to go through the fatigues of travelling in such a rough 
and wilderness country." 

Had Mr. Bailey been obliged to contend only with the igno- 
rance of the poor people among whom he was settled, he 
might have pursued his arduous labors with some satisfaction. 
Like others, who have addressed themselves to the work of 
extending the Gospel to those who were benighted, he would 



92 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1771. 

have been cheered witJi the evident, though perhaps gradual, 
improvement of the subjects of his charge, and he could die 
content, in the consciousness of having labored in the early 
stages of a \vork, which others might be privileged to carry on 
towards perfection. He could looic for an increasing attach- 
ment on the part of those for whose benefit he had sacrificed 
so much, and feel that he would be loved while living, and 
that Ills memory would be revered when he was d(^ad. 
/ But the establishment of the courts in Pownalborough, in 
/1761, introduced a new element into the society of the place. 
The shire town became the temporary or settled residence of 
the county officers, and gentlemen of the legal profession. 
This at once created an aristocracy, small indeed In numbers, 
but of controlling influence. In education, property, and 
power, these persons had immensely the advantage of the 
poor settlers. True, the minister was entitled to rank with 
this class. If he could, consistently with his duty, think and 
act with them, his situation would be pleasant. But if he felt 
obliged to differ from them, they could render his situation 
very uncomfortable. 

We should bear in mind, as accounting, in some degree, for 
what is to follow, that the scene of the transactions was on 
the cxtremilij of the then Province of Massachusetts, and that 
from the diiTicult}' of travelling in those days, it was further, 
practically, from Boston, than it now is from the capital of the 
nation. 

This remoteness from communities of greater advancement, 
which almost amounted to isolation, permitted a great abuse 
• of power. Amid the poverty which so generally prevailed in 
this region, few would dare to oppose, in any way, the wishes 
of men of wealth and influence, to whom, perhaps, many were 
indebted for supplies for their families, and who, having a part 
in the administration of the law, might harass and even ruin 
an obnoxious individual. Mr. Bailey found this to be true. 
It was his misfortune to incur the ill-will of some of these 
officials. Two, in particular, distinguished themselves by their 
enmity to him. One of them was excited mainly, no doubt, 
by the other, who, it wou.ld seem, left but little untried to ruin 



177"?.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 93 

jNIr. Bailey, and to break up tlie Chnreli in tliat region. The 
names of these persons will not be given. In withholding their 
names, the writer is aware that there is no want of provoeation 
to a different course. The conduct of the persons spoken of, 
while it distressed the missionary in this region, had of neces- 
sity no small effect on the interests of the Church. As it will 
be necessary, frequently, to refer to these persons, we shall 
designate the principal as M. and his subordinate as N. 

Mr. Bailey records some of the doings of M. in his journals. 
He brings charges against him of ungentlemanly and even 
indecent conduct, and of oppression, in his letters to his cor- 
respondents, some of whom, at least, were ac([uainted with the 
subject of these charges. He makes distinct statements re- 
specting this man in his reports to the Society for Propagating 
the Gospel in Foreign Parts, and complains grievously of him 
by name in a memorial addressed to the Convention in Boston, 
in 1772. Not a line is found among Mr. Bailey's ])apers, 
wliich tends to shov/ that his opinion of M. was a mistaken 
one. Those of his correspondents who possessed the means 
of correcting these statements if they were erroneous, make no 
attempt to do so, and ihe inference is tliat they were correct. 
Mr. Bailey says, in " A Letter to a friend,"' dec, which has been 
before quoted : " As I presently found that M. still professed 
himself a Dissenter, I seldom entered into any controversy 
with him about our different persuasions, and he as cautiously 
avoided beginning any dispute with rnc. He used sometimes 
to attend Divine Service, bat more frequently tarried at honu^, 
and when he attended, commonly behaved with a great deal 
of irreverence, especially at prayers." ****"! had, 
presently, sufficient evidence that he used all his endeavours to 
prejudice the minds of the people against the services of the 
Church, that he condemned several parts as directly contrary 
to Scripture, and made an open ridicule of others, which he 
was not able to confute. And when I received a number of 
Common Prayer Books from the Society, he took the liberty 
to scratch out several sentences in all that he could procure to 
his hands." * * " From the beginning, as I have already 
observed, he was very negligent in his attendance upon public 



94 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1772. 

worship, and when present, he generally behaved with great 
indecency, contriving, by a multitude of boyish tricks, to make 
the women smile ; and sometimes he has taken a primer, instead 
of a Prayer Book, and read out of it with an audible voice. 
M. was always extremely industrioas in procuring from 
Boston, and other i)laces, all the little, dirty pieces tliat have 
appeared against the Church of England, especially ' The 
Dissenting Gentleman's Answer to Mr. White's three Letters,'* 
the very title of which affriglited simple people from the Church, 
and prevented them from attending the service. These books 
he used to recommend and put into the hands of all disaffected 
persons." * * * " Many low, dirty, and scandalous remarks 
have been written by this gentleman, both in the great Bible 
and Common Prayer Book, used in Divine service. Instead 
of money, M. used often to put into the contribution box, soap, 
scraps of paper, news letters, and once a pack of cards. It is 
to be observed tliat all this was done before the least ditlercnce 
subsisted between us. I bore all this, with many personal 
reflections, without expressing the least resentment, either to 
him, or to any other person." * * " M. took the liberty of 
dispersing several Common Prayer Books, without my knowl- 
edge, having first corrected them agreeable to his taste, and 
when I afterwards reproved him for the liberty he had taken 
with me, both in a public and private ca})acity, he replied that 
he had treated me just as I deserved, and as for those things 
he had erased from the Prayer Book, they ought not to be in 
it. This he attended with a louc! and contemptuous laugh ; 
but these were but the beginnings of that temper and disposi- 
tion of mind he has since discovered. He has laboured all in 
his power to ruin my interest, to prevent my usefulness among 
the people; he has unjustly and falsely wounded my reputa- 
tion ; has been contriving to make the most fatal mischief in 
my family, and labouring to stir up lawsuits against me. And 
that he might more effectually accomplish his iniquitous de- 



* This work must have had a wide-spread circulation, since the Rev. Devcreux 
Jarrat states that at the time his attention was turned towards the ministry' of the 
Church of Eagland, this book was put into his hands, in Virginia, the place of his 
residence. 



1772.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 95 

signs, did, in my absence at Georgetown, open my desk, and 
take out divers papers, which he spread abroad with invidious 
remarks and comments, to my great damage. As to N., he 
was once a communicant, but it appears at the instigation of 
INT., has left the publick worship for several years, and, though I 
have frequently written to him with the utmost complaisance, 
and signified my earnest desire after a reconciliation, yet he 
still continues inexorable, and treats l)oth me and my letters 
with the utmost contempt. Upon the whole, I am fully con- 
vinced that the above mentioned gentlemen have always, 
notwithstanding their jiretensions, been enemies to the Church ; 
have, in artful manner, plotted against the Society's Mission, 
and secretly endeavoured to banish that generous bounty from 
these parts." 

" I have never received any salary from the people. My 
perquisites, such as marriages, contributions, ^c, have not 
amounted, take one year with another, to £50, old tenor, and 
the last two years they have not been .£20, besides presents 
from particular persons, which is not so much as I have to pay 
for house rent. I had, indeed, the improvement of Richmond 
Farm, through tiie bounty of Dr. Gardiner, for seven years, 
but the inhabitants of Pownalborough, especially people of 
substance, almost destroyed the whole profit by large droves 
of wild horses and cattle, which no fence could resist which 
we were able to make. And though Mr. MacClennachan was 
paid for the pasturing of creatures, I never had but one 
dollar, which a poor man gave me, while my rich neighbours 
neyer afforded me a farthing, even wdien their cattle had de- 
stroyed both my hay and garden. Every winter since my 
arrival, there has been a proposal on foot for building a meet- 
ing-house, though they were never able so much as to begin, 
before the present year, and all the success of their proceedings 
is now owing to the false and malicious representations of two 
or three gentlemen. * * I have long been convinced, by the 
proceedings of our gentlemen, that it piques their pride to hav^e 
any other minister than one of their own choosing ; they are 
really too self-sufficient to receive one, even from the most 
respectable and judicious body of men, and are above 



98 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1772. 

acknowledging themselves indebted to any Society of Christ- 
ians for the support of their religions worship. I must add, 
that both N. and IM. have long employed all their influence 
and authority, to prevent pcoj)le from attending Divine Service, 
especially the latter, who prohibits his servants from coming 
to church. And they not only contrive means to hinder others, 
but have practiced a multitude of stratagems to keep me at 
home, since I moved over to the western side of the river, by 
detaining every boat and canoe they can get into their power. 
And especially last Easter, that I might not be able to officiate, 
they came the Wednesday before, with a number of men and 
cattle, broke two locks, seized a canoe in ni}' care, and carried 
it off, it being the only one on tliis side fit to launch into the 
water v\"hen the river opened. But it is observable that our 
common people were never disposed to follow the example of 
our gentlemen ; they were, on the other hand, abundantly more 
kind and generous after their enmity began, and more constant 
in their attendance on publick worship. My congregation, in 
good weather, has been near a third larger since the above left 
going to church. In a word, I am persuaded that these gen- 
tlemen had, from the beginning, a settled design of driving 
away the Mission from Pownalborough, and in order to eiFect 
this meritorious design, they have stuck at nothing, however 
unjust, false and injurious; but as this could not easily be 
accomplished, my character and influence must be sacrificed 
to their favorite views." 

Mr. Bailey had hardly removed into the parsonage-house, 
(which was only partially finished.) when J\I. claimed the land 
on which both the parsonage and the church were built. He 
" proceeded so far as to threaten the people if they went to 
church ; he declared that he would build a chimney in it, (i. e., 
the church,) and place a tenant on the land." The origin of 
this claim is somewhat obscure. As near as can now be as- 
certained, it seems to have been this: A person who had 
been an officer in the Church at Pownalborough, and whose 
general conduct, both before and after this transaction, appears 
to have been friendly, claimed the land, as administrator of 
the estates of some persons deceased. This is the more re- 



1772.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 97 

markable, as Mr. Bailey says not only that " Dr. Gardiner put 
me in possession of the land above two years since," but that 
the administrator above referred to, " on my first arrival, 
showed me this tract, as the parsonage-lot, employed people 
the next year to work on it as such, and gave me leave to have 
the buildings erected upon it." How the claim was transferred 
to M, does not appear. But when it passed into his hands, 
he lost no time in his efforts to obtain the land. A suit at law 
for its possession, instituted by M., was decided in his favor, 
and judgment was obtained. Dr. Gardiner was written to on 
the subject, who replied : " July 22d, 1772. * « If they 
serve an Execution it is at their peril, and don't resist the 
officer, but go to lodgings, leaving everything in the house 
behind you. Remember what I now write; if they serve an 
Execution on your house, or the Church, you will make the 
best voyage you ever did in your life, for they and all their 
coadjutors can never make the land where the Church and 

your house stands to be, or ever was, any part of 's estate, 

more than they can prove the sun to be green cheese : there- 
fore I beg to hear no more of this affair, until you are carried 
by the sheriff" out of the house, and then I will see justice 
done both to you and the Church ; but this, you may depend, 
will never be attempted." 

Meanwhile, the members of the congregation became 
alarmed that the church and parsonage, which had been 
obtained with so much exertion, (and, as Mr. Bailey says, by 
great sacrifices on their part,) should be placed in a, srtuation 
apparently so perilous. Influenced, probably, by their appre- 
lunisions, Mr. Bailey, being threatened by M., concluded to take 
a lease of him for six months, which was afterwards renewed 
for three months longer. Mr. Bailey undoubtedly believed 
that this course was the most expedient for him to take. But 
it unfortunately excited the anger of Dr. Gardiner. The mat- 
ter was brought even before the Convention of Massachusetts, 
and caused some angry debate, but was finally dropped. Mr. 
Bailey states, most explicitly, that he acted under the advice 
of judicious lawyers in this matter, who, as the case then ap- 
13 



98 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1772. 

peared, thought that he could not, on an appeal to a higher 
court, get the judgment reversed. A more accurate survey, 
afterwards, showed that "the Church and thirty-five acres of 
land'were without the limits of the administrator's claim ; the 
parsonage-house was found to be on land of which M. gave 
him no lease," while the grant from the Plymouth Company 
was not included in the tract claimed by M, The matter was 
shortly after settled by the instrumentality of Dr. Gardiner, and 
the title to the glebe was not again disputed. 

Whether or not M. was honest in his part of this business, 
cannot now be decided. The affair, however, gave Mr. Bailey 
much uneasiness, and seemed, at one time, to be likely to be 
fatal to his prospects. There were not wanting circumstances, 
however, to encourage him, for he reports to the Society "that of 
the forty-nine persons baptized in the year 1772, twenty-one had 
belonged to the families of rigid Dissenters. On Trinity Sunday 
I had five new Communicants, all educated Presbyterians." 

Rev. William W. Wheeler resigned his Mission in George- 
town in the spring of 1772. This not only deprived Mr. Bailey 
of the occasional counsel and assistance of the only Church 
minister in Maine, but threw the whole burden of that Mission 
again upon him, from which he had been relieved during the 
four years' incumbency of Mr. Wheeler. 

Rev. William Clark, Rector of St. Paul's Church, Dedham, 
Mass., wrote Mr. Bailey, under date of July lOtli, 1772, with a 
view of obtaining the parish at Georgetown. Mr. C. was 
induced to think of this on account of the "support of the 
Mission" at Dedham, being, at that time, "too scanty," and 
likely thus to remain, till "the estate in reversion" fell in. 
Dr. Caner, of Boston, was favorable to Mr. Clark's intentions. 
But nothing appears to have been done in the matter. 

The following extract from a letter of Mi-. Bailey, is part of 
the early history of a parish now arrived at a condition of 
much strength and prosperity: — 

" I have lately (August 16th, 1772) dedicated the new 
Church at Gardinerstown, nine miles up the river, and the 
people are very urgent for my preaching frequently among 



1773.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 99 

them. I have likewise received several invitations from 
Georgetown, but I cannot possibly answer all these demands 
without neglecting my own people." 

The matter of M.'s claim to the glebe was arranged as 
above stated. Mr. Bailey writes to a friend, that " the settle- 
ment of our Parsonage has given us high spirits, but a mortal 
chagrin to our enemies." 

This active persecutor, however, was not yet discouraged. 
The Church was incorjjorated by the General Court in 1773, 
and a parish meeting was called in the spring of that year, by 
M. and N., during the absence of the two wardens and of 
Major Goodwin. The warrant contained but two articles, — 
First: to choose a moderator. Second: to choose a parish 
clerk, assessors, and a committee for managing parish affairs. 

I All freeholders and other inhabitants, legally qualified to vote 

in town meetings, were required to attend. From the titles 
given to some of the officers, e. g., "committee for managing 
parish affairs," and also from the omission of names of war- 

1 dens and vestry, it is evident, that this could be no meeting of 

I the congregation attending the Church. As all freeholders, 

etc., were notified, the intention manifestly was, to form a new 
religious organization, — its character to be determined by the 
majority of the voters present. Many Churchmen were "le- 
gally qualified to vote in town meetings," and therefore at- 
tended on this occasion, as they had a perfect right so to do. 
M. was the active spirit at this meeting. A moderator of his 

I own selection was chosen, who decided that " no Churchman 

had any right to vote." " Our people," says Mr. Bailey, 
" though twenty-four to twelve, offered to withdraw from their 
meeting, and never more to concern themselves with any parish 
affairs for the future ; provided, they would agree not to tax us 
towards the Congregational worship, but this was utterly 
denied us." Upon the withdrawal of the Churchmen, and 
part of the others, the business was left in the hands of eight 
persons. " These dissenters, though so few in number, quar- 
relled, the same evening, among themselves, about fixing the 
place for their meeting-house ; and upon hearing that their 
lumber had been seized, became wholly disheartened. * * * 



100 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1773. 

There is not a single word in the warrant about a minister or 
a meeting-house." 

This, which was one of several abortive attempts to estab- 
lish the Congregational mode of worship in the western part 
of Pownalborough, is spoken of here, that it may be seen how 
violent and unscrupulous was the opposition of a very few 
individuals in that place to the Church of England. 

Mr. Bailey writes to a friend : " Rev. Mr. Badger preached 
for me, June 20th. I have likewise had a visit from Monsieur 
Balele, Romish Missionary to the Indians of St. Francis. We 
have now at our house. Monsieur Naphew, a Franciscan friar, 
from Brittany, in France. I have made considerable profi- 
ciency in the French language. * * I expect to preach, 
next Sunday, in a new pulpit. Mrs. Bailey has collected, 
among the women, £15, O. T., towards furnishing the pulpit- 
cloth, etc." 

The report to the Society, in October of this year, contains 
the following : " I hg-ve baptized, since October last, fifty-five 
persons, four of them adults; and notwithstanding the violent 
attempts of my inveterate enemies to injure the Church, my 
parish, at present, is in flourishing circumstances. Our people 
have built, at their own expense, an elegant pulpit and reading 
desk, and their wives and daughters have furnished it with a 
cushion, and hangings of crimson damask. Our parsonage- 
house and land, which occasioned me so much concern and 
expense, are now redeemed from the power of our enemies, 
and I hope to enjoy them in peace. I would likewise beg 
leave to recommend the people at Gardinerstown, and the set- 
tlements above, on Kennebeck river, to the Society, as objects 
of their charitable assistance. They are a mixture of various 
denominations, chiefly very poor, among which, numbers are 
well disposed towards the Church. Many were formerly under 
my care at Pownalborough, and several, communicants of good 
character. It appears probable, that if a Missionary was fixed 
at Gardinerstown, with proper encouragements, the people, in 
general, would adhere to the Church. I have officiated twice 
this summer at the last-mentioned place, and, on the 18th of Au- 
gust, baptized twenty -two persons, eight of them adults. These 



1774.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 101 

infant settlements extend, from Pownalborougb, forty-five miles 
along the river, and contain four hundred families, among which 
they have no ordained minister of any denomination, to admin- 
ister the ordinances, and to preserve a proper sense of religion. 
But such are the necessitous circumstances of the people, the 
diiliculty of travelling, and the expense of living, that no Mis- 
sionary can subsist upon Kennel)eck river, with credit to his 
profession, without a liberal support; and every dilHculty here 
is rather greater, I conceive, than in the adjoining Province of 
Nova Scotia, where many of the English entered upon lands 
already improved by the former French inhabitants. I would 
further mention, that Dr. Gardiner, who has erected a decent 
Church at Gardinerstown, and provided a glebe, engages, be- 
sides, to give ten pounds sterling, per annum. 1 am obliged 
to remark, that we are indebted to the care and vigilance of 
this gentleman for the redemption of our parsonage at Pown- 
alborougb, and its present establishment upon a sure founda- 
tion." 

That Mr. Bailey had not lost his early passion for writing, 
appears from a statement which he makes, wherein he says: 
" I have almost finished a description of the eastern country, 
in three chapters. The first contains the Geography and 
Natural History; the second, an account of the Ancient 
Indians ; and the third, the most remarkable events, from 
its discovery in KiOo, to the present day, with a view of its 
late prodigious improvements in the character of its inhabit- 
ants. My account takes in all the country between Casco 
Bay and Nova Scotia. I have had unexpected assistance, 
both from gentlemen and books." He also states that " two 
gentlemen have offered me seven guineas for the copy of 
Madockawando, for the press, but ] refused." That his tem- 
poral prospects were brightening at this time, appears from 
the following extract from a letter to a relative, in August of 
this year: " I have a wealthy parishioner, Mr. Ayling, from 
England, who has purchased Richmond farm, to the amount 
of sixteen hundred and fifty acres, and is on the spot, making 
great improvements." 

In February of this year, Mr. Bailey visited the upper set- 



102 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1774. 

tlements on the Kennebec, travelling the whole distance in a 
sleigh on the frozen river. His journey extended above Fort 
Halifax, in the present town of Winslow. Being, on Sunday, 
among these pioneers, who, until then, had had no religious 
services, he preached to a congregation of forty persons, and 
in that region he baptized seventeen, whose names are re- 
corded in his journals. 

Three years had now passed since Mr. Bailey removed with 
his family into the parsonage-house, thus securing the first 
permanent habitation which they had enjoyed since he had 
been in his Mission. While the house was in building, he had 
enclosed about three acres for a garden, and began imme- 
diately to cultivate it with great industry. Nearly a dozen 
pages in one of his journals, are occupied with his " Obser- 
vations in gardening in the Autumn of 1774, and spring of 
1775." These observations are curious in more than one 
respect. They note particularly, not only the kind of seeds 
sown, and shrubs and trees transplanted, but also give each 
day in which the work was done, state the quantity of what 
was put into the ground, with the precise locality. It would 
seem, from this record, that there could have been but few 
pla«ts, either of the ornamental or useful kind, then known in 
New England, of which a specimen might not be seen grow- 
ing near the humble parsonage of this frontier Missionary. 
The neighboring fields and forests were also laid under contri- 
bution, and many wild flowers were mingled with the more 
cultivated ones. Even the sea beach of his native place had 
furnished one of the two or three species of vegetation which 
its arid sands can nourish. Tradition confirms, what would 
be surmised from his journals, that the minister's garden at 
Pownalborough had few superiors east of Boston. 

The following letter, addressed to a female friend a few 
years after, describes his residence at Pownalborough : " I 
have at this moment present to my imagination, those roman- 
tick scenes which surrounded my habitation, many of which 
rose under my eye, or were formed by my conducting hand, 
while the remainder appear in all their native wildness, and 
are cither beautifully irregular, or excite the ideas of admira- 



1774.] 



LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 



103 



tion and lionor. My d-.v^elling was situated on the summit of 
a towering eminence, between two navigable rivers, which dif- 
fused itself into an extensive plain, agreeably diversified with 



%ifh 







^f- 




■■TiX.S f ^ 



[View of the Parsonage at Pownalborough.] 

clumps of evergreens, and lofty spreading trees, interspersed 
with grass j^lats and cultivated herbage. Around tht; house 
lay a garden, containing three acres, mostly on a gentle decliv- 
ity; several regular squares and elegant parterres had been 
created out of the rocky and stubborn materials, divided into 
walks and borders, either crowded witli tin-iving fruit trees of 
various species, or adorned with a multitude of various shrubs 
and flowers, which added softness, splendour and beauty to 
the wilderness, and perfnmed the air, already pure as the virgin 
breezes of Paradise, with their blended fragrance. The other 
parts of this enclosure continued still in all the misshapen 
rudeness of nature, where she puts on the roughest appear- 
ance, and wore an aspect wrinkled, severe, rugged and de- 
formed beyond expression. Here we beheld the prostrate 
trunk of some enormous tree which sunk beneath the burden 
of age and infirmities, or else was borne down headlong by 
the rapid tempest, mouldering into its original dust, while a 



104 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1775. 

numerous offspring were springing up on every side, and exult- 
ing in the pride of youthful verdure; there, on the margin of 
a rocky eminence, covered with thorns and briars, you might 
discover the breaking precipice with gaping caverns and ragged 
fragments, tumbling to the 'bottom, composed a pile of defor- 
mity, the habitation of reptiles and vermin. On the western 
cjuarter, beyond the limits of the garden and a winding road, 
lay a large open grove of maples and beeches, with two or 
three majestic oaks, which reared their venerable heads above 
the suiTounding trees; at a fnrther distance, on the declivity of 
the hill, is situated a stately forest, sloping into an impenetra- 
ble swamp of spruce and cedar, ending in cultivated fields 
along the llowery banks of Kenncbeck, while from the cham- 
ber windows we have a prospect of the White Mountains, 
above fifty miles remote, concealing their glittering summits 
among the clouds. From the same apartment, to the south, 
appeared a number of settlements, stretching, for miles to- 
gether, on the Eastern River, and the waters of Merrymeeting 
Bay, with the adjacent hills, closes the delightful view. On 
the northern quarter, at the distance of fifty rods, almost ob- 
scured by a rising grove of birches, appears the Church, an 
elegant building, standing on a gravelly spot of ground, sur- 
rounded with a large piece of beautiful turf. From the east- 
ern door in front, through a spacious avenue, we have a fine 
prospect of the river Mundooscottook,* which appears, by a 
deception, almost contiguous to the garden, running at the 
bottom of a large open pasture ; beyond the river the land 
rises with a majestic grandeur, and, swelling with a stupen- 
duous arch, covered, with trees, the horizon."! 

It has, we presume, sufficiently appeared, that the " Itinerant 
Mission on the Eastern Frontiers of Massachusetts Bay" was 
no sinecure. The territory it embraced was extensive, the inhab- 
itants thinly scattered, and the means of travelling were incon- 
venient, and oftentimes dangerous. The poverty and igno- 
rance of the people, and the unscrupulous opposition of some 



* Or Eastern River. t See note H. 



1774.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 105 

persons of wealth and influence greatly increased labors which 
were of themselves sufliciently arduous to have discouraged 
most men. To all these difficulties were now to be added 
others. The date of Mr. Bailey's coming into these regions 
was almost the same as that of the commencement of those 
measures on the part of the British government, which finally 
alienated the American colonics. The nature of these mea- 
sures and their dates, are too well known to the intelligent 
reader to render it necessary that they should be stated here. 

The first instances of political persecution which Mr. Bailey 
experienced, occurred at a distance from tiic place of his resi- 
dence. On the 7th September, 1774, he set ofl' with a friend 
for Boston. His journal states that he was "insulted the next 
day. 

" Sept. Sth. Lodged at Millican's.* Ill treated. 

"11/A. Lodged at Newbury: the country all in commotion. 

***«■» fc 

"14//;. Convention Sermon preached by Mr. Seargent. 
"23^/. Mobbed at Brunswick; got home at night. 

" 26///. Abroad ; lied from the mob. Lodged at George 
Miers'." 

He afterwards writes to a friend : " I was obliged to ab- 
scond in the night, to avoid the fury of the mob, and to keep 
myself concealed two days." 

Under date of October 17th, 1774, Mr. Bailey wrote as 
follows, to the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign 
Parts : — 

"I take this opportunity of writing by Capt. Callahan, one 
of my Wardens, bound directly from this place to Glasgow, 
since the unhajjpy condition of this country renders it wholly 
unsafe to trust a letter by the way of Boston to London. I 
have, since my last, visited the upper settlements upon Ken- 
nebcck river, to the distance of fifty miles, where I baptized 



* In Scarborough. 

14 



106 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1774. 

twenty infants and two adults. Nothing remarkable has oc- 
cun-ed in my parish, but I have the satisfaction to observe, 
that none of my hearers have entered into any desperate com- 
binations against the authority of Great Britain, nor joined 
in any of those tumults and insurrections which have lately 
prevailed in other parts of the Province, and even in the neigh- 
bouring towns. On my late journey to Boston, I was fre- 
quently insulted and mobbed, and immediately after my return, 
this place was invaded by one hundred men in arms, while the 
Court was sitting, vowing revenge upon me and several of my 
parishioners, for opposing the solemn league and covenant. 
To avoid their fury, I was obliged to flee from my house in the 
night, and to conceal myself for two days. The mob was at 
length obliged to disperse, without success, or doing any con- 
siderable mischief. In the neighbouring settlements, however, 
they assaulted both persons and property, brake into houses 
and stores, abused the inhabitants, and destroyed their sub- 
stance, and, after being intoxicated with strong liquor, fought 
among themselves. "We are daily threatened with another 
hostile invasion ; and, it may be remarked, that these insurrec- 
tions are encouraged by some of our magistrates, and the late 
mob was headed by a member of the General Assembly. In 
short, nothing can be more dismal than the situation of the 
Episcopal ministers, and, indeed, of all who have any depend- 
ence upon Great Britain. They are daily persecuted with 
provoking insults, loaded with shocking execrations, and 
alarmed with the most bloody menaces, and that, not by the 
meaner rabble, but by persons of the highest distinction, and 
even those who heretofore were in the greatest repute for 
moderation, piety and tenderness, have now lost every senti- 
ment of humanity, behave with the wildest fury and destruc- 
tion, and breathe forth nothing but slaughter and destruction 
against all who are unwilling to engage in their extravagant 
schemes. I have observed, with regard to this Province and 
New Hampshire, where I have a large acquaintance, that the 
friends of government are chiefly either Episcopalians, or sober, 
sensible persons of other denominations, who are equally averse 
to infidelity and enthusiasm ; but if the sons of liberty should 



1775.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 107 

prevail, our destruction will be inevitable, and thousands of 
His Majesty's loyal subjects, who acknowledge the authority 
of the parent country from principles of conscience as well as 
grateful inclination, will instantly be reduced to the extremest 
misery and ruin. Nothing has inspired these opposers of gov- 
ernment with greater resolution and fury, than a speech said 
to be written by the Bishop of St. Asapbs.* I had an oppor- 
tunity of remarking the fatal effects of this performance, not 
only at Boston, but in travelling two hundred miles through a 
populous part of the country. This has given them occasion 
to abuse every Episcopalian who cannot acknowledge the 
sentiments of His Lordship, with the forced construction they 
are pleased to put upon His words. The shutting up of Bos- 
ton harbour, and the prevailing violence of this raging faction, 
have already reduced me to great distress in my private affairs, 
and it is with the utmost diiliculty I am able to procure the 
necessaries of life." 

The winter of 1774-5 passed off without much political 
disturbance in the " West Precinct of Pownalborough," where 
the church was situated. From the journals of JMr. Bailey, it 
seems that the number of attendants on public worship during 
the three years after the church was built, ranged from fifty to 
one hundred and thirty. 

The news of Lexington battle, (which was some days in 
reaching Kennebec,) caused considerable excitement among 
the people. Mr. Bailey states that on the day of the receipt 
of the intelligence " of Col. Percy's defeat," he was " abroad, 
and assaulted by a number of ruffians." Two days after this, 
Rev. J. Wingate Weeks, Rector of St. Michael's Church, 
Marblehead, Mass., arrived with his family. He had been 
driven by political persecutions from his parish, and sought 
refuge with the subject of this Memoir, who had married his 
sister. 

" The circumstances of Mr. Weeks' family determined him 



* Bishop Shipley. This production was quoted by Hon. Daniel Webster, in his 
speech, delivered at Washington, July 4th, 1851, on the occasion of laying the corner 
stone of the enlargement of the Capitol. 



110 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1775. 

And though service was constantly performed every Sunday 
at church, either by Mr. Weeks or Mr. Bailey, yet all who 
were inclined to favor the present commotions attended his 
vociferations, and besides, some persons, who desired still to 
adhere to the Church, went occasionally to meeting, hoping 
by this seasonable compliance either to avoid the imputation 
of being enemies to the country, or to escape the persecution 
they conceived was descending on their neighbours. * * * * 

" But Whiting was not the only Apostle of Kennebeck. One 
Alden, a noted Ana-baptist preacher from Great Britain, made 
his appearance in these parts, and was extremely instrumental 
in seducing ignorant and credulous people. And, notwith- 
standing his character, attended his itinerant performances, 
and it was acknowledged wherever he travelled that he had 
twice been dismissed from the ministerial office for gross 
immoralities, and had been tried at the Old Bailey for the 
crime of perjury, yet he was followed and applauded by the 
undistinguishing mobility and persons of distinction, as some 
great proj)het, or messenger from heaven. * This fellow 

preached in almost every settlement along the banks of Ken- 
nebeck, and greatly conduced to bring everything sacred and 
decent into contempt."* 

" The inhabitants of Frankfort, or the West Parish of Pow- 
nalborough, continued quiet and composed till about Christ- 
mas, 1775, when Mr. Goodwin, a depnty-sherift'and jail keeper, 
began to spirit up the people. This man was open, generous, 
positive, and blustering, — served this year as Church Warden, 
j but was intimately connected with M. and N. He suddenly 
attempted to raise all the young fellows among us in defence 
of liberty, and engaged them to assemble on New Year's day, 
to erect the standard of defiance. Every method of allurement 
and menace was practised to convene the people upon this 
important occasion; but about twenty persons had resolution 
enough to disregard every incitement, and refused to give their 
attendance. The confusion and uproar which ensued were 
beyond example; the day was consumed in the exercises of 

, * See note I. 



1776.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. Ill 

drinking, swearing, traitorous imprecations, and the most 
horrible effusions of profaneness and impiety. Several people, 
in the fervor and wantonness of their zeal, proposed that the 
minister should be conducted by a sufficient military force 
from his habitation to the pole, and there be obliged to conse- 
crate this exalted monument of freedom : others, indeed, were 
so modest as to opj)ose the motion, and when it was commit- 
ted to the common suffrage, it was carried in the negative by 
a trilling majority only.* ***** Immediately after this 
distinguishing event, near one-half of the congregation with- 
drew from the Church, the minister was stigmatized as a 
mortal enemy to his country for neglecting to observe a 
thanksgiving appointed by the Provincial Congress, though 
the very persons who were loudest in their exclamations cer- 
tainly knew that he had received no information time enough 

I to give publick notice. 

" My Presbyterian neighbours were so zealous for the good of 
their country that they killed seven of my sheep out of twelve, 
and shot a line heifer as she was feeding in my pasture, and 
my necessities were so great in the following winter that I 
was obliged to dispose of the remainder of my cattle except 
one cow. The next spring, as I was endeavoring to cultivate v" 
a garden spot, which I had prepared from a rocky wilderness, 
with great labour and expense, the leaders immediately began 
to interrupt my honest endeavours for the support of my family. 
They daily threatened that prodigious numbers of people were 

P assembling in the adjacent settlements to put down the Church 

and to burn my habitation over my head." 



* " It was determined that a liberty-pole should be raised before the Church door, 
' to affront' (as it was said) ' the parson, and to express their defiance of the King,' 
but Mr. Goodwin, a Church Warden, the principal conductor, (under the secret 
direction, as I suppose, of M.,) being opposed by the Vestry, eight in number, 
induced the people to erect it on the plains. M., some days before, had engaged to 
give them a quantity of rum to elevate their spirits upon the glorious occasion. 
When the appointed day came this gentleman, upon their appearance, according to 
previous agreement, delivered liis present, with the assurance that he would have 
cheerfully assisted in person had he not been unwell. Capt. Lovejoy insisted upon 
my being sent for to consecrate the pole by prayer, and, if I refused, it was purposed ^.' 
that I should be whipped around it, but the motion was lost by a majority of tvvo."t 
t Rev. J. Bailey's MS. 



112 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1776. 

May Sd, 1777. A son was born to Mr. Bailey, who was 
baptized by the name of Charles Hugh Percy.* 

From Mr. Bailey's Journal of this year we extract the fol- 
lowing : — 

" May 2od. Summoned before the Committee. 

"24//i. Examined by the Committee. 

" 28///. Laid under bonds. 

****** 

" August 11th. Forbidden to pray for the King. Only de- 
livered a sermon. Thirty-five present. 

"23(^Z. On a journey : lodged at Rev. Mr. Bass's, Ncwbury- 
port. 

* # * . * * * 

" September 10th. Visited at Georgetown. Baptized ten 
children. 

*#**#*■ 

" October 28th. Before the Committee for not reading the 
Declaration of Independence, for praying for the King, and 
for preaching a seditious sermon." 

In a letter written some time after this to the secretary of 
the Venerable Society, Mr. Bailey says: "In the universal 
confusion, tumult, and destruction, which prevailed in the be- 
ginning of the war, many persons were driven by the impulses 
of fear to act against both conscience and inclination. On 
the one hand, we were assaulted by armed multitudes, pouring 
out torrents of reproach and execrations, and threatening to 
make us the victims of their vengeance. On the other, we 
were besieged by the entreaties and tears of our friends to 
practice a little compliance, (which, by the way, only made 
our enemies the fiercer,) while we were confidently told that 
our brethren in other parts had fally yielded to the requisitions 



* A proof of Mr. Bailey's loyalty. The name selected for the child was that of 
Lord Percy, who fought at Lexington. In a letter received from a descendant of 
Rev. Mr. Bailey, the following statement occurs: " It was the intention of Mr. and 
Mrs. Bailey that his name should be Ilt/gh Percy, but Mrs. Callahan, the Godmother, 
seeing so many Patriots in the Church, was afraid to give this name, and called him 
Charles, the name of her husband. He was baptized Charles Percy, and always 
signed his name so." 



1777.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 113 

of Congress and the spirit of the times. I had myself all these 
difficulties to encounter. In particular, the Sunday after the 
news of the Declaration of Independence arrived, for besides 
the ravings and menaces of the wild sons of freedom, the more 
moderate of the same character assured me that every clergy- 
man had both omitted all prayers for His Majesty, and published 
the Declaration of Independency, while my real friends earnestly 
besought me to prevent the destruction of our Church. I still 
refused, answering them that we must conscientiously perform 
our duty, and leave the Churcii to the protection of Heaven, 
and that if all my brethren had departed from their integrity, 
I could never think myself excused from blame by following 
their example. I will observe, that though I had then courage 
to resist, yet perhaps my fortitude at another time might have 
failed." 

Some of the old enemies of the Episcopal Chin-ch, and its 
minister, were not discouraged by their former unsuccessful 
attempts to establish the Congregational form of worship 
within the bounds of his parish. Their proceedings caused 
Mr. Bailey to write to eminent men, lawyers and others, in 
dirterent parts of the country, on this subject. The persons 
thus addressed were, Mr. Oliver Whipple, of Portsmouth, N. 
H., Rev. Jacob Duch(5, of Philadelphia, and Mr. David Sewall, y 
of York. Mr. Bailey says, that "the mal-contents were only 
seven in number;" that "llu^y (>xcludi'(l all Churchmen from 
the privilege of voting, and agreed, in March, 1776, to raise a 
tax upon the inhabitants, — Quakers as well as Churelimen, — 
towards the support of the Gospel." " This," he continues, 
"is the declared purpose, both in the tax bill and in the war- 
rant for distraining. Our people are by no means in alUuent 
circumstances, and. after having generously, according to their 
ability, contributed to my support, are compelled to pay the 
above Tax with the utmost rigour. The collectors are seizing 
their cattle by violence, and selling them at publick vendue 
for a mere trifle." Mr. Bailey states further, that "these men 
have no meeting-house, no embodied church, no communi- 
cants, no minister, and no preaching, except three months in 
1775." He writes to one of the above-named gentlemen, that 
15 



114: FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1777. 

the persons spoken of " have proceeded to collect the tax with 
the utmost rigor, and several circumstances of ungenerous 
severity, such as breaking into barns when the proprietors 
were absent, taking away cattle by violence, selling them at 
auction, and multiplying charges, to the great distress of the 
unfortunate sufferers. * * * Those who retain any senti- 
ments of tenderness and humanity, when acquainted with the 
circumstances of this eastern country, must compassionate our 
situation : a people confined to a cold and rugged soil, encum- 
bered with forests, and divided by rivers, exposed to invasions 
from Canada, deprived of free navigation, prevented from 
selling, as usual, their timber for the necessaries of life, and 
denied the advantages of receiving provisions from abroad as 
formerly. These occurrences have reduced us, (especially 
myself, who depended chiefly upon the Society for support,) 
to the lowest condition of poverty, and almost to nakedness 
and famine." 

In a letter to Rev. Dr. Byles, in the autumn of this year, Mr. 
Bailey writes: " I have hitherto performed Divine service every 
Sunday, though at the risk of my liberty, and even of my life. 
I have had a warrant after me ever since the 20th of July, for 
transportation, but by concealing myself during the week time, 
I have as yet escaped. Mr. Parker and Mr. Bass are the only 
clergymen beside myself who olliciate, but they wholly omit 
praying for the King, and my principal olVence is neglecting 
to follow their example." 

October 10///, 1777. To Rev. J. W. Weeks, Marblehead :— 
"' * 1 have a warrant issued against me ever since the 
20th of July, and several officers have attempted to take me, 
but hitherto without success. I have officiated every Sunday. 
Warrants are out for a great number of people, some of whom 
have absconded, and others go armed. John McNamara has 
been fined twenty dollars, and imprisoned five days, but is 
now dismissed upon bail. I am a little surjirised to find you 
couj)ling me with Mr. Bass upon all occasions. The latter, 
without encountering any persecution or difficulty, complied 
with the first motion of his congregation, (mostly high sons of 
liberty,) wholly to drop all prayers for the King. I, on the con- 



1777.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 115 

trary, contiimcd the service, without the least alteration, some- 
time after you and many of my brethren had made omissions; 
and indeed I was chiefly induced to do so by your example. 
It was a long time after you had ceased oflieiating before I 
either heard of it, or the law in su|)port of Independency, so 
that I had already offended beyond the hopes of pardon. Pre- 
vious to this my ))arishioners were severely persecuted, both 
as Churchmen and 'J'ories, which immediately excited the 
indignation of the friends of government for twenty miles 
round. These, of every denomination, encouraged me to pro- 
ceed, and generously contributed to my support; and though 
I have left out the most obnoxious sentences, 1 have never 
omitted to pray for the King, and I have continued to officiate, 
not to please our enemies, but the Royalists scattered through 
the country. My constant hearers, (though all, except one or 
two, are friends of government,) are but a small number in 
comparison with the rest, and indeed our continuing to as- 
sembl(! for Divine Service is considered by the Whigs as the 
principal support of our party. They imagine that it gives 
life and spirit to our opposition, and besides the chief objec- 
tion against me is my praying for the King. For this single 
oflencc; I have been threatened, insulted, condemned, and laid 
under heavy bonds, and for this I am now doomed for trans- 
portation. My friend, Mr. Lee, is Captain of a company at 
New York; Callahan is Captain of a twelve-gun sloop-of-war 
in the King's service; George Pochard is at Quebec, so that 
the situation of my afiairs is well known at all these places." 

The following from one of his MSS. will give an idea of 
his sufferings at this time: — 

" Mr. Bailey, Missionary at Pownalborough, having been 
concealed in his own house for the space of live weeks, re- 
ceived information that a design was foriued against his life. 
This intelligence determined him to attempt an escape. In 
consequence of this determination he left his habitation in the 
evening of October loth, and was conducted through intricate 
paths, about two miles, by his brother and Dr. IMayer. It was 
conjectured that some desperate ruffians were placed at a lit- 
tle distance from the house, either to intercept his flight, or to 



116 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1777. 

destroy him on tlie spot. A couple of young lads were fired 
upon as they were riding along the road, the people doubtless 
imagining Mr. Bailey to be on horseback, returning home. 
He was constrained to leave his family in circumstances truly 
distressing; a wife with a young infant, and two girls about 
eleven, and no kind of j^rovisions or money for their support, 
except a few garden roots. After spending part of the night 
at his brother's, he arose before daylight, and, with a couple of 
young persons, embarked on board a canoe, and under the 
concealment of a thick fog, escaped to Brunswick, beyond the 
limits of the county where he resided. ' He was here in great 
anxiety, having money for only one day's subsistence, and not 
finding Dr. Moor arrived with his horse, as he expected, he 
was obliged to remain several hours at a publick house in 
cruel suspense, and exposed to the observation of every 
traveller. At length the appearance of his horse relieved his 
perplexity, and enabled him to pursue his journey without 
molestation. The next day he arrived at Falmouth, and was 
cordially received and kindly entertained by his friends. Some 
unexpected benefactions raised his spirits and encouraged him 
to proceed as far as Portsmouth, the capital of New Hamp- 
shire; but before he reached this seat of rebellion he was 
greatly alarmed with the misfortune of General Burgoyne and 
the army under his command. At York, he encountered the 
barbarous exultations of the rebels upon this important occa- 
sion ; and as he entered Portsmouth, the firing of cannon, the 
ringing of bells, and the vociferation of the populace were 
circumstances that increased his chagrin. He was, however, 
highly caressed by the friends of government, who assir^ted to 
sympathize with him, and to console each other on the gloomy 
appearance of publick affairs. 

" After travelling to Boston and visiting a multitude of his 
acquaintance, of various ranks, and of opposite sentiments, 
and having received many instances of generosity from the 
Royalists, he returned home about Christmas, and though he 
had endured great anxiety on account of his family, he had 
the pleasure of finding them in comfortable circumstances, the 



1778.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 117 

friends of government having liberally contributed towards 
their support." * 

In the early part of the following year, Mr. Bailey reecived 
a letter from the Rev. Mather Byles, formerly Rector of Christ 
Church, Boston, but who had left the country. It is dated 
Halifax, N. S., February 17th, 1778. The following is an 
extract : — 

" I am commissioned to inform you, if you have not already 
availed yourself of the collection for the suffering clergy in 
America, that you are entitled to draw upon Messrs. Hoar 
& Company, Bankers, in Fleet Street, for Fifty Pounds, as 
your Dividend ; and that if you think proper to enclose your 
draft to Dr. Caner, he will endeavor to procure the money, and 
transmit, or pay it, as you shall direct. Your letter to Dr. 
Caner may be directed to the New England Cofl'ee House, or 
to the care of Watson tk Rashley, Merchants, on Garlick Ilill, 
London, or to No. 30 Suffolk St., Westminster." 

Mr. Bailey's daily Journal for the entire year 1777 is miss- 
ing. From that for part of 1778, we extract the following: — 

" Ap)-U 19lh. Easter Sunday. '10 present. 15 Communi- 
cants. 

"20/A. Chose the same olTicers." 

It is mentiotied occasionally that there was no service in 
church, but no reason is assigned. The church, however, 
appears to have been open the greater part of the first four 
months of this year, with an attendance varying from twelve 
to fifty-six, A number of infants were baptized by Mr. Bailey 
in the same time, in various parts of this region. 

Mr. Bailey left home on the 19th July of this year, on a 
journey to Boston, and was absent some four weeks. A full 
journal of occurrences at this time is preserved, and some 
things recorded in it are thought worthy of being extracted: — 

'■''July 20lh. Left the mouth of the Kennebec River. 

"22^. Arrived in Boston. I was received by Rev. Mr. 
Parker and his lady with the highest tokens of tenderness and 
politeness. 

* Note J. 



118 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1778. 

" Jul// 22d. After breakfast went to visit the famous Dr. 
Byles, who was detained a jM'isoiier in his o\Yn house. He 
received me, according to his manner, with great freedom, and 
entertained me with a variety of pnns. He was mightily 
pleased with the letters I brought him from his son and grand- 
daughter, and instructed his daughters, a couple of fine young 
ladies, to read them. I observed that he had a large collection 
of curiosities, and the best library I had seen in this country. 
He is a gentleman of learning and great imagination, has an 
imcommon share of pride, and though agreeable when dis- 
coursing upon any subject, yet the perpetual reach after puns 
renders his ordinary conversation rather distasteful to persons 
of elegance and refinement. He gave me a circumstantial 
account of his trial when condemned for transportation. He 
carefully preserved his talent for punning through the whole. 
I recollect one instance : when he was conducted into the 
apartment where his judges sat with great solemnity, who 
desired him to sit by the fire, as the weather was cold, ' Gen- 
tlemen,' said he, 'when I came among you 1 expected perse- 
cution, but I could not think you would have offered me the 
fire so suddenly!' After looking at several fine prospects, and 
hearing two or three tunes on the organ by one of his daugh- 
ters, I took my leave, with an invitation and promise to renew 
my visit. I then repaired to Mr. Domett's, and was kindly 
received by that worthy and benevolent couple. They no 
sooner perceived the poverty and uncouthness of my apparel, 
than they contributed towards a reparation, and furnished me 
with a handsome coat, jacket and breeches. My dress before 
this recruit was as follows : an old rusty thread-bare black 
coat, which had been turned, and the button-holes worked 
with thread almost white, with a number of breaches about 
the elbows; a jacket of the same, much fractured about the 
button-holes, and hanging loose, occasioned by the leanness 
of my carcass, which was at this time greatly emaciated by 
the constant exercise of temperance; a pair of breeches, con- 
structed of coarse bed-tick, of a dirty yellow colour, and so 
uncoat (sic) as to suffer several repairs, in particular, a per- 
pendicular patch upon each knee of a different complexion 



1778.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 119 

from the original piece; a pair of blue thick-seamed stockings, 
well adapted to exclude the extreme heat of the season ; a hat 
with many holes in the brim, adorned with much darning in 
other i^laces, of a decent medium between black and white. 
jMy wig was called white in better days, but now rt'senil)led 
in colour an old greasy bed blanket; the curls, alas I had long 
since departed, and the locks hung lank, deformed, and clam- 
my about my neck, while the shrinking caul left both my ears 
exposed to publick view. But the generous Mr. Parker soon 
made me a present of a very elegant wig, whicli, though it 
might not furnish my brain with an addition of wisdom, yet 
certainly enabled me to shew my head with greater confi- 
dence. * * * 

'■'' Julij 21th. Called upon Mr. Haskins according to agree- 
ment. He gave me fifteen dollars. 

"28//(. This morning called upon Mrs. Domett, who gave 
me fourteen dollars in paper and three dollars and five crowns 

in silver, which, she assured me, was a present from young 

ladies through James , about 17, and the other 1(3 years. 

The same day received five dollars from and Green, 

and thirty dollars from the Church Wardens. 

"29///. Concluded this morning, notwithstanding the con- 
tempt which is poured upon the Britons from every quarter, to 
petition the Council for lil)erty to depart for' Nova Scotia with 
my family; and, because I perceived that our magistrates 
could not admit of pleas of conscience, I confined myself to 
the simple article of j)overty. Mr. Parker had in tin; morning'- 
obtained leave of Mr. Powell, the President, to olfer my peti- 
tion. Accordingly, having it prepared, 1 went down to the 
Court-house and presented it to that gentleman, who engaged 
to give me his interest. Drank tea with Dr. Byles and his 
daughters. 

'■''August 2d. This day being Sunday could not assist Mr. 
Parker for want of a suitable discourse. As I was walking to 
church in the morning Mr. Lash put a guinea into my hand. 

"4///. Received this day eight dollars from Mr. Thomas 
Amory. 



120 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1778. 

"6///. After dinner waited upon Dr. Lloyd. * * The 
Dr. at parting gave me nine dollar?. 

" 7//i. This morning at Mr. Wallace's, where Mr. William 
Gardiner introduced me to Mr. Reed, a gentleman who had 
been carted out of town. Pie made me a present of twelve 
dollars. A few minutes before the hour appointed I arrived 
at Mr. Domett's, and just after I was seated a gentleman rap- 
ped at the door and gave Mrs. Domett a paper for me. She 
informed me that it was Mr. Erskine, an Irish gentleman. 
Upon opening the paper we found enclosed two hundred and 
seventeen dollars. This Mr. Erskine gave me at Portsmouth, 
last November, sixteen dollars. He is nephew to Sir William 
Erskine, Colonel of the Edinborough regiment, raised for the 
service against America. He now exerted himself in collect- 
ing this money for me among his acquaintance from a princi- 
ple of pure generosity. * * * When I came home, Mr. 
Warner sent his compliments, with a very good surtout and 
twenty dollars. 

" 8/^. This morning took a breakfast at Mr, Domett's, and 
while I was in that hospitable and lucky mansion had twenty- 
one dollars sent me by Mrs, Sheaf. * # * I then paid Mrs. 
Renkin and received my note. *#**#*# Mr, Parker 
gave me a very sensible letter to Major Goodwin, and his 
worthy lady furnished me with provisions for my passage. 
The kindness and generosity of this agreeable pair ought to 
excite my warmest gratitude, for, not to mention my board 
and lodging for near three weeks, I received from them in pre- 
sents to the value of £15, lawful money. About 10 o'clock 
Dr, Miers and I took our leave, and embarked on board Caj)t. 
Smith. * * About 11 got under sail," 

The next night found the vessel in which Mr, Bailey had 
taken passage at anchor in Portsmouth harbor, having taken 
shelter there from an easterly storm. On the second day after 
they had put into this port, Mr. Bailey went on shore to visit 
Rev. Mr. Stevens, of Kittery, who had befriended him when 
in college. Here he found Rev. Jeremy Belknap, (afterwards 
D. D.,) " with his wife, arrived from Dover." " I quickly per- 



1778.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 121 

ceived him," says Mr. Bailey, "to be a son of moderation. It 
was evident from their conversation that most of the Conerreafa- 
tional ministers are in very distressed circumstances on account 
of the fall of paper money; but when Mr. Belknap complained 
of his situation, Mr. Stevens informed him that mine was still 
worse, for I could receive no salary." 

****** 

" 22(/. Arrived at Pownalborough, where I had the satis- 
faction of finding my family in good health, though they had 
greatly suflered in my absence for want of provisions." 

Four days after his arrival Mr. Bailey wrote to Mr. Domett, 
in Boston. In this letter he says: "I am prohibited, in the 
strongest terms, by Col. Gushing,* from ofliciating any longer, 
and though I have promised to acquiesce, yet he still threatens 
to impose the oath." 

In writing to Mr. John Pickering, Speaker of the House of 
Representatives, he says, "1 was taken into a list on the 
Transportation Act last summer, and after having had the 
matter debated several hours in a full town meeting, I was 
voted not inimical, by a large majority. Our magistrates, 
being enraged at this disappointment, issued out a warrant, 
notwithstanding, to apprehend me. The judges and jury, 
being of their appointment, I knew that there was no possibil- 
ity of my esca])ing if I came to trial. This determined me to 
continue prisoner in my own house, till my health was aflfect- 
ed, and I perceived it to be no longer a place of security. I 
then fled about the middle of October last in the night, and 
continued roving about New Hampshire and elsewhere till 
the act expired. I left my family in very distressed circum- 
stances, my wife having a sucking child, suffered greatly for 
want of provisions before she obtained any relief. I have 
been unable to receive any part of my salary since June, 1775, 
which has obliged me to work hard for my subsistence, but 
these restless spirits will neither suffer me to enjoy a moment's 
repose, nor to reap the fruits of my labours. When the act 
for swearing took place, I was immediately pursued on a 



* High Sheriff of the County. 

16 



122 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1778. 

magistrate's warrant, but before it was properly served I was 
constrained to petition the Council for leave to depart into 
Nova Scotia ; the matter was suspended till the expedition 
against Newport should be over. 

" I returned from Boston a few days since, but am threat- 
ened with immediate imprisonment if ever I attempt to ofii- 
ciate again, either in publick or private, by which means 1 am 
deprived of every support, except what arises from charity. In 
Boston I was treated with great compassion and tenderness, 
both by Whigs and Tories, and received several generous 
benefactions, even from the former. But during this absence 
my family severely felt the distresses of hunger and famine, 
and sometimes had nothing to eat for several days together 
but an handful of vegetables and a little milk and water, and 
at other times they remained tw^enty-four hours without any 
sustenance at all, till Mrs. Bailey had almost determined to 
die rather than make her situation known, for it has long been 
criminal for any person in this country to afllbrd us support, 
and many have been prosecuted as Tories for no other reason. 
Human nature cannot but reflect with reluctance upon such 
unchristian and cruel proceedings, neither is it possible for 
sufferers to love and esteem those institutions which put it in 
the power of bad men to indulge their ill nature, their malice 
and revenge, on innocent and defenceless objects. 

" Being afterwards at a settlement about fifty miles from 
my own habitation, at the requisition of the people to preach 
and baptize their children, I was assaulted by a violent mob 
armed with clubs, axes, and other weapons, who stripped me 
naked in search of papers, pretending that I had conceived a 
design of escaping to Quebeck," 

The following was addressed to Tlev. S> Parker, Rector of 
Trinity Church, Boston, and is dated October 1st, 1778 : — 

" In order to explain a little the nature of my situation, and 
to elucidate the character of my persecutors, I beg leave to re- 
late the following incident. The County Court is now sitting, 
and I am this minute informed that I am presented before the 
Grand Jury for preaching treason on the Sunday after Easter. 
"When I came to examine the matter I found there was noth- 



1778.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 123 

ing in either of my sermons which tended in the remotest 
sense to meddle with the present times ; this induced me to 
search the lessons for the day, and I presently found that the 
sixteenth chapter of Numbers was the lesson appointed in the 
Morning Service, and that the twenty-sixth verse contained 
almost the very words sworn to in the deposition upon which 
they founded their presentment. In order to save you the 
trouble of opening your Bible I will quote you the words: 
' And he spake utito the congregation saying, Depart, I j^ray 
you, from the tents of these wicked men, and touch nothing 
of theirs, lest ye be consumed in all their sins.' " 

"The Grand Jury, Jiowever, at the instance of Langdon, the 
attorney, refused to find a bill." 

In writing to another friend, Mr. Bailey mentions that he 
"gave the earliest intelligence of the above-named matter to 
Rev. Mr. Parker, who presented his letter to the Council, at 
which they laughed very heartily. M. and N., ignorant of my 
correspondence, hastened up to Boston with the fellow's depo- 
sition on which the complaint was founded, determined to 
prevent, if possible, the success of my petition, but though 
wafted upon tiie wings of malice and ill-nature, their arrival 
was too late." 

The following extract from a letter written in November of 
this year, shows that the troubles of this poor Missionary were 
far from being ended: " About the beginning of November I 
received a permission from the General Court to remove with 
my family and substance to Halifax, but no opportunity pre- 
senting, after a double disappointment in attempting to get 
away, and tiie severe season advancing, I ventured again to 
perform Divine Service, being earnestly intreated by my par- 
ishioners, and compelled by the following inducements: I 
considered that Mr. Cushing had no authority to silence me, 
as there was no law in this or any of the United States to 
prohibit persons from preaching, and that no minister of any 
denomination was required to take the oath of allegiance to 
qualify him for the discharge of his office; neither has the 
oath, as far as I can learn, been tendered to any preacher. I 
reflected that this attempt to prevent the performance of Di- 



121 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1778. 

vine Service must be regarded as a profane and daring intru- 
sion upon sacred tilings, and not only a manifest invasion of 
our religious, as well as civil rights, but an impious design, as 
much as possible, to affect the spiritual interest, and even to 
injure, if not to destroy, the souls of my parishioners; and fur- 
ther, that such conduct would be received and commented on 
in any other Christian country, as a crime of the most danger- 
ous, horrid, and malignant nature. I considered myself as 
under the most sacred obligations to perform the worship of 
God, and to preach among my people, until prevented by my 
absence, or restrained by the laws of my country, especially 
when there is no Religious Society of our own, or any other 
denomination, where we could possibly attend. I plainly per- 
ceived that the young people were strolling about with little 
regard for the Lord's Day, that all sense of religion was in 
danger of being expelled, and that nothing could be expected 
but the fatal consequences of vice, irreligion, and ]3rofaneness. 
I must confess, however, that I found myself in a very dis- 
tressing dilemma — the inveterate malice of my enemies on the 
one hand, and the obligations of conscience and duty on the 
other; here their illegal and arbitrary mandates to restrain, 
there the dictates of reason and humanity, and even the au- 
thority of Heaven to compel me. Could I hesitate any longer? 
You may depend upon it, this is all I have done to rekindle 
the indignation of these restless spirits, and I am persecuted 
afresh, not for being an enemy to my country, but for preach- 
ing the Gospel and performing Divine Service among a set of 
poor and inoffensive people, who are indeed reproached and 
persecuted for their attachment to me." 

Mr. Bailey states, in a letter to a friend, that "on the Sun- 
day before Christmas, the weather being pleasant for this tur- 
bulent season, we had a full congregation, and this indignant 
magistrate,* observing a number of people passing by his house 
in their attendance upon Divine Service, sent directly for one 
of my Wardens, and with a flaming countenance and haughty 
tone of voice, and the most insolent airs of authority, ordered 

* The High Sheriff. 



1778.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 125 

him to deliver me the following im|)crions message: ' Tell the 
Parson that if he presumes to discharge his functions any 
longer, I will immediately commit him to prison, and that if 
lie do not enter into a written agreement to forbear the exer- 
cise of Publick Worship, I will myself appear on Christmas 
day, attended with a number of resolute fellows, and drag him 
headlong out of the pulpit.' But he firmly promised, at the 
same tim(^, that he would never molest me whilst I continued 
in my own house." 

Mr. Bailey sent a letter to this individual, in which he says, 
"my intentions were immediately to remove upon my receiv- 
ing ))ermission froiu the ((general) Court. But having met 
with one or two disappointments, and the winter advancing 
in all its horrors, I found it impossible to depart till the 
weather should become more settled; since no one could be 
prevailed upon to venture either himself, or vessel in such a 
stormy season ; and besides, to undertake a voyage with a 
woman and young child in any convenience I am able to 
procure, I must be divested both of humanity and conimon 
j)rudence. Being detained in this manner I was induced to 
preach at the earnest desire of my parishioners, to whom I am 
under the highest obligations of gratitude for their kind and 
generous concern to relieve me in my necessitous circum- 
stances. I considered that it was cerlainly my duty to comply 
with their request till my removal ; that it could not possibly 
injure any person alive, nor occasion any damage to my coun- 
try, for which T shall always retain the w^armest affection; and 
that it was not re|)ugnant to any laws, since preachers of all 
denominations, as Ana-baptists, Separates, Quakers, prisoners, 
6cc., are allowed to preach without cither taking tiie oath, or 
sutlering any kind of molestation. * * # * * Will it adbrd 
you any satisfaction, on the one hand, to enforce the oath at 
the expense of my conscience, and the destruction of my inter- 
est, or on the other to confine me in a wretched prison, to the 
ruin of my health, and perhaps my life ? * * * I must again 
repeat my desire of entering into some friendly agreement, and 
that you will not put me to the trouble and expense of making 
another application to the General Court." 



126 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1779. 

The next day after this letter was delivered was Christmas. 
On account of the extreme severity of the weather, divine ser- 
vice was omitted. Mr. Bailey's family, with a few friends, 
had just sat down to dinner, when the High Sheriff entered 
the house. A female relative who was present went into the 
kitchen where this officer was, and endeavored to " mitigate the 
passion which inflamed him." During the conversation, one of 
his deputies and a relative joined the principal actor in this 
business. The former uttered language marked by profane- 
ness and obscenity, which so provoked a faithful man servant 
that he threatened him with personal violence if it should be 
repeated. This immediately caused the deputy to attack the 
servant. * * * 

The account breaks off abruptly at this point. The above 
imperfect narrative has been inserted to fill out, in a measure, 
the picture of the troubles that Mr. Bailey experienced after 
he had received permission from the highest authority to leave 
the country, and was hindered from availing himself of that 
permission only by unavoidable circumstances. 

]\lr, Bailey was waiting for a proper opportunity of removing 
to Halifax. This opportunity did not offer till June of the 
following year, 1779. 

The Church at Georgetown had been under the care of the 
subject of this Memoir from his first arrival in Kennebec, ex- 
cepting the four years covered by the ministry of the Rev. W. 
W. Wheeler. The following from a letter of Rev. J. AY. 
Weeks, in 1778, to the Venerable Society, is a part of the his- 
tory of that parish :* " When I was in that part of the country 
I baptized many children and married several cou|)les. The 
Church at Georgetown is made up of several wealthy farmers, 
who are noted loyalists. I offered to preach to them, but they 
were afraid to sutler me. They were all obliged to pay taxes 
to the dissenting ministers, and they dared not dispute it."f 

The sufferings of many people in Maine during the latter 



* Hawkins' History of Missions, &c., p. 255. 

f The Churchmen in Georgetown had been deprived of the benefit of their own 
rates or taxes in 17G7. See under that year. 



1779.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 127 

portion of Mr. Bailey's residence there, and the distresses of 
himself and family are stated in a letter to a friend : " This 
reminds me, by way of conclusion, to excite in 3'onr mind some 
faint idea of the scarcity which prevails throughout the coun- 
try. Multitudes of people, who formerly lived in aflluence, 
arc now destitute of a morsel of bread, and the remainder are 
reduced to a very scanty allowance. Several families in the 
lower towns, and in the Eastern country, have had no bread 
in their houses for three months together, and the anxiety and 
distress which this occasions are truly afJ'ecting. Great num- 
bers who inhabit near the sea coast, and even at the distance 
of twenty miles, after being starved into skeletons for want of 
provisions, have repaired to the clam banks for a resource ; 
while others, who were prevented by their circumstances, or 
distant situation, from acquiring this kind of food, were still in 
a more calamitous condition. I have myself been witness to 
several exquisite scenes of anguish, besides feeling in my own 
bosom the bitterness of hunger, and llie utmost anxiety for 
the subsistence of my family. I have seen among my neigh- 
bours the most striking horrors of nakedness and famine. 
Many during the pinching cold and storms of wint(>r, exposed 
to all the roughness and severity of the season, had tlie misfor- 
tune to bullet the turbulence of the weather without shoes or 
stockings, or even shirts. And wlu>n the spring advanced to 
afford them a kindly warmth, destitute of anything to answer 
the importunate demands of nature, except a precarious supply 
obtained from their charitable friends, who had not sufficient to 
silence their own necessitous cravings. Several families within 
the compass of my own knowledge have been for a long sea- 
son deprived of all sustenance agreeable to their palates, or 
adapted to the nourishment and support of the human body. 
It was impossible to procure grain, potatoes, or any other spe- 
cies of vegetable ; ilesh, butter and milk, were equally scarce ; 
no tea, sugar, or molasses, to be purchased on any terms ; 
nothing, in a word, but a little coffee, with boiled alewives, or 
a repast of clams, and even of this unwholesome diet not 
enough to gratify the cravings of nature. I have walked 
abroad after a breakfast of these ine;redients, weak and feeble 



128 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1779. 

myself, in hopes to obtain a dinner among my more wealthy 
acquaintance, and have returned home disappointed of my 
expectations, and when in other places I have received an 
invitation to eat, have refused, because I could not find an 
heart to deprive a number of starving children of their pitiful 
allowance, who were staring upon me with hollow, piercing 
eyes, and pale and languid faces." 

Two or three letters from his correspondents, and a very 
meagre Journal for the four first months of 1779, are all the 
papers referring to the early part of that year that have come 
into the hands of the writer. That the organization of the 
parish was preserved amid the gloom which was gathering 
additional blackness, appears from the following entry: — 
» April 5lJi, 1779. Chose our Church Officers." * 
Some of the occurrences of the last few days he spent in his 
parish, are thus related in a letter afterwards written to the 
Secretary of the Society for Propagating the Gospel, &;c. : " I 
however continued to baptize their children, to visit the sick, 
and to bury the dead, till about a fortnight before I left the 
country, when the above-mentioned sheritT, with some of his 
mischievous gang, appeared at a funeral, to apprehend me; 
but through the vigilance of friends I had timely notice, and 
escaped the danger." f 



* It may be of interest to record the names of the officers of St. John's Church, 
Pownalborough, in the troublous times spokea of in the text. They are taken from 
a petition sent to the High Sheriff of Lincoln county, dated December 24th, 1778. 
The petitioners desire that Mr. Bailey may be allowed to officiate the few Sundays 
which remained before he should embark for Halifax. This petition is sii<ne(l by 
Samuel Goodwin, Herrick Filial, Church Wardens; Peter Pochard, David Bailey, 
George Goud. Philip Mayer, George Mayer, Louis Houdlette, fcstri/. 

t See Note K. 



1779.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 129 



CHAPTER VII. 

The materials for continuing this Biography after the last 
date mentioned in the preceding chapter, are to be found in a 
" Journal of a voyage from Pownalboro' to Halifax, with no- 
tices of some events in the latter place." A portion of this 
MS. has unfortunately been lost, and it terminates abruptly, 
but it is thought that the greater part of what remains is wor- 
thy of publication. 

" June Ilk, 1779. We arose this morning before the sun and 
began to prepare for our expulsion, our hearts replete with ap- 
prehension, anxiety and distress. 

As the rising sun tinged the various objects around us, I 
beheld the once delightful scenes with bitter emotions of grief. 
This, in a word, was the silent language of our faces as we 
looked upon each other, and it was agreeable to the inward 
impulse. Must we, after all the trouble, harrassment and crue 
persecution we have endured for the cause of truth and virtue, 
must we leave these pleasing scenes of nature, these friendly 
shades, these rising plants, these opening ilowers, these trees 
swelling with fruit, and yonder winding river, which appears 
through the umbrageous avenue, to revive and elevate the 
mind ? We must no longer behold the splendid orb of day 
peeping over the eastern hills to dissipate the fog, and to 
brighten the field and the forest. We must hear no more the 
sweet music of the tuneful tribe, amidst the trembling grove, 
to gladden, charm and animate the desponding heart. 

But we quickly perceived other objects approaching to take 
a mournful farewell, which made a still deeper and more last- 
ing impression on the wounded spirits, I mean a number of 
our honest, kind and generous parishioners, who came to ofler 
us their last assistance, and to let fall a parting tear I Mr. 
Jakin, George Mayer, Mrs. Philip Mayer, and other females, 
were present on this affecting occasion. After taking a very 
17 



130 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1779. 

slender breakfast, we began our departure, and when we left 
the house and garden, and turned our backs upon these weep- 
ing friends, 1 was obliged to summon the utmost fortitude to 
contend with the tender emotions of nature. We walked 
slowly along the shady road, and shut out one enchanting 
prospect after another, till we met Mrs. Pociiard and Mrs. 
Jakin, who, upon seeing us, were unable to speak; the eifasions 
of sorrow stifled their voices, and all, for some minutes, was a 
scene of silent wo I We proceeded in this manner through 
Mr. Jakin's field, and when we were about to take a final 
adieu, this kind neighbor threw herself upon the ground, and 
lay sobbing in that humble posture, till we could see her no 
more. We next called upon Mr. Malbone and his wife, and 
saw the tears roll down their aged cheeks. 

Mr. Pochard and his wife, after we had taken leave of the 
children, attended us as far as Mr. Ridley's. When we 
approached his habitation, he came out to meet us, and snatch- 
ing me by the hand, burst into silent tears. 

AVhen the first emotions were a little abated, he began to 
execrate the villains who had driven me from my friends, my 
habitation and parish. Upon entering the house, they pre- 
vailed with us to take a dish of tea, and to accept of some pro- 
visions for our voyage. Col. Taylor presently appeared to bid 
us adieu, and informed me that our magistrates were ready to 
abate somewhat of their former rigor. Several of the families, 
with Mrs. Pochard, followed us to my brother's, where another 
scene of grief and lamentation appeared. Mr. Burke and his 
wife brought their child here to be baptized, after which exer- 
cise I took my leave of all |)resent, with an aching heart, and 
embarked in Mr. Ridley's boat, Mr, Jakin and George Mayer 
attending us down the river." 

[A few pages of the MS. are wanting here. In that por- 
tion of the Journal which has been preserved, it would seem 
that the exiles had reached the town of Georgetown, a few 
miles below their habitation, where they probably expected to 
pass some days, before taking a final leave of their native coun- 
try. Here, Ihey found the small schooner which they had 
engaged for their voyage.] The account continues : " As his 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 131- 

arrival was two days sooner than we expected, it threw nsinto 
great perplexity, as our dependence for provii^ion was chiefly 
on the generosity of our Georgetown friends, and besides, Capt. 
Smith was still at home, and was not expected till Wednesday 
morning. To remedy this last inconvenience, John was im- 
mediately despatched with a message to Smith, which laid 
him under the necessity of travelling all night, while we pro- 
ceeded to Mr. Butler's. When we arrived at this hospitable 
mansion, we had the disagreeable situation to find all the fam- 
ily in bed. They arose, however, and procured us a supper, 
and about midnight we went to repose. 

June 8th. This morning we arose, cheerless, before the sun, 
and had this benevolent family to attend us. They prepared 
us an early breakfast, after which they gave Mrs. Bailey a pot 
of butter and a salmon, and then attended us in solemn pro- 
cession to the shore. We looked upon each otiier with dis- 
consolate faces and tearful eyes, till the rapid current carried 
us round the point, and excluded us from seeing our friends 
any longer. It atlorded us a great deal of concern that we 
were unable to see Mr. Percey's family before we left the coun- 
try. We proceeded up the river and paid a short parting 
visit at Mr. Preble's. This friendly and loyal family gave us 
their hearty good wishes, and furnished us with some articles 
of provision for our voyage. Our nextf remove was to Mr. 
Carleton's. Upon our arrival, we found that generous and 
friendly hero gone to the eastern side; of Pownalboro', to pro- 
cure us some provisions. 

In the forenoon we carried oiir beds, and the shattered re- 
mains of our fortune, the whole not worth forty dollars, on 
board our schooner, a little vessel, not more than fifteen tons, 
with such slender conveniences that we were obliged to make 
provision for lodging in the hold. 

Mr. Palmer brought us several letters from my friends at 
Broad Bay, containing the tenderest expressions of good will, 
and the most hearty and anxious wishes for our welfare, and 
these were attended with some presents to make us comforta- 
ble in our troublesome voyage. 

Mr. Palmer attended us in our return to Mr. Carleton's, 



132 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1779. 

where we dined, and then went to visit Mr. William and 
David Gilmore. We passed away a few hours and then took an 
affectionate farewell, and at parting received some addition to 
our stores. About six we returned to Mr. Carleton's, and 
drank cofll'ee in company with twenty-two persons. 

The wind blowing fresh from the westward, we were some- 
what alarmed by the appearance of a sail standing across the 
bay for Mr. Carleton's landing. Some of our company con- 
claded that it was either Gushing, or some of his infernal 
attendants, approaching with a mischievous design to interrupt 
our voyage. I was extremely anxious for the event, as I had 
a number of papers on board which would have been reckoned 
highly treasonable against the States; but when the people 
landed we perceived it was Mr. Carleton's brother, from 
Piscataqua, who had excited our groundless fears. He brought 
no intelligence of a public nature, but gave us an account of 
a terrible tempest of thunder and lightning, which consumed 
in the space of thirty minutes a stately synagogue at Somers- 
worth, destroyed eight sheep at a little distance, and twenty 
five in another flock, brake to pieces an huge rock, and 
demolished above forty large oak trees within the compass of 
three miles. 

We had long been waiting, with eager expectation, for the 
arrival of Capt. Smith, and the rest of our company, from 
Pownalboro' ; at length Capt. Smith, Mr. Hitchins and John 
made their appearance to our great satisfaction. Mr. Palmer 
persuaded them to attend him directly on board our vessel, 
which lay near Mr. Justice Stinson's, at the distance of two 
miles. 

Mr. Jakins and the two Mayers, went by Avater, about an 
hour after sunset, when the former and Mr. George Mayer, 
intending to set out for home very early in the morning, took 
their leave, which added another tender scene to the many we 
had already passed through, and the honest tears of affection 
and friendship were shed, on both sides, in plentiful effusions. 

About ten Mr. Carleton returned home from Witchcasset, 
and brought me several articles from Mr. Wood, together with 
some confused account of the expedition against Virginia. 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 133 

We spent the rest of this evening in an agreeable manner. 
The thoughts, however, of leaving such benevolent friends 
behind, exposed to the rage of persecution and the vengeance 
of rebels, alTorded us at times some uneasy sensations. 

Jane 9lh. When the morning opened, we perceived that 
the Westerly winds were died away, and that a dry fog hov- 
ered over the land, which allbrded us no very pleasing prospect. 

Our friends were disheartened at the threatening symptoms 
of drouglit, and both corn and grass were beginning to languish 
in the fields. 

Just before sunrise we bid this hospitable family adieu with 
tender regret, and proceeded along the woods to the ferry 
below Hell's Gate. During this long and tedious walk we 
were greatly incommoded with the heat of the season and the 
innumerable swarms of voracious insects. Upon our arrival 
at the water, we made a signal for the boat, and were carried 
on board the schooner, but, to our extreme regret, perceived 
that Mr. Ilitchins had returned back with Mr. Jakins and 
Mayer. 

This man had endured a variety of persecutions for his 
integrity, and was now reduced to extreme poverty; he had a 
wife and several small children, but he concluded that it was 
more prudent to leave them to the mercy of the country, than 
to run the risk of imprisonment and death, without affording 
them any assistance. But Mr. Palmer, not knowing his real 
character, and thinking that he would incommode us in our 
passage, had compelled him, in a manner, to leave the vessel. 

About nine we got under way with a gentle breeze from 
the south-west, and fell down between Parker's Island and 
Jeremisquam into Sheepscot River. The country hereabouts 
made a romantic appearance, fine groves of tall trees, shrubby 
evergreens, craggy rocks, cultivated fields and human habita- 
tions, alternately presented themselves to view, and yielded 
a profusion of pleasure to the imagination. 

When we entered Sheepscot River the rolling ocean presented 
itself in open prospect, and we perceived a number of vessels 
sailing at a distance. About two o'clock we got into the sea, 



134 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1779. 

and began to steer towards the east, but the wind failing we 
made but a slow progress. 

We attemjDted to avoid a fishing vessel in our neighborhood, 
lest some accident should interrupt onr voyage, but we were 
unable to carry our intention, for she came alongside, and we 
found the schooner belonged to Dennis (:iSatche]l, of Bodingham, 
a late convert from rebellion and independence. He gave us 
a little salt, and pronounced his benediction. 

As night a])proached it grew perfectly calm, and we were 
obliged to anchor in Cape Newaggen harbour, a little to the 
west of Booth Bay. This is an excellent station for small 
shipping. The land rises with an easy slope from the waters 
edge on the north and partly on the east, while the remainder 
is, surrounded with islands on which were erected fishermen's 
huts. Between these islands you pass into the harbour through 
very small inlets. 

Soon after our arrival, Wr. Gatchell came in and dropped 
an anchor near us. As I am always impatient to go on shore 
whenever it is possible, T persuaded our men to get the boat 
in readiness, and Mr. Palmer and Mrs. Bailey, her neice and 
little son, accompanied me; we landed upon the northern shore. 

The land, from the water to some considerable distance, was 
destitute of trees and covered with grass exceedingly green 
and flourishing, notwithstanding the dryness of the season; 
the soil, though rocky, is rich, and we observed that the plants 
and flowers, which grew in abundance, were large and thriving. 
We followed some of the winding paths towards the east, till 
the prospect opened into Townsend harbour, which stretches 
a long way from the sea up to the northward. After we had 
diverted ourselves awhile with walking among these romantic 
scenes, we returned near the landing, and reposed upon the 
grass till evening advanced to spread abroad her cooling and 
refreshing shades. While we continued here, I observed at 
some distance, the ruins of an human habitation, with the 
vestiges of a garden, constructed among the rocks. This, Mr. 
Palmer informed me, was formerly the abode of an hermit, 
who, meeting with a cruel disappointment in a love matter. 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 135 

retired from all society, and spent the remainder of his days, 
to extreme old age, in this forsaken retreat. Mr. Gatchell 
came on shore, and entered into a long conversation with us, 
concerning his former conduct and present scntim.ents with re- 
gard to tlie American rebellion. He had been both a committee 
man and a captain of the Militia, till falling in company with 
the famous Mr. Hands,* he changed his licentious principles, 
and from a furious and revengeful rebel, became a sincere and 
peaceable subject. He declared, that however improbable it 
might appear, he had heretofore acted from honest, though 
mistaken principles. • He acknowledged, that he, in strict 
justice, deserved no mercy fri)m a sovereign he had so greatly 
abused, but still flattered himself with the hopes of forgiveness, 
from the known lenity of the British Government, and the 
great humanity of his Royal Master. He gave me several 
anecdotes concerning the malice and violence of Gushing, 
which to a stranger would appear to exceed the limits of prob- 
ability. After, supper, the persons belonging to my family 
took possession of the hold, and spread our beds upon the 
hard stones which were collected for ballast, a most humble 
and gloomy situation. We had not long been composed to 
sleep, before we were aroused by thunder, and saw the light- 
ning dashing through the crevices with tremendous glare, while 
the rain, pom'ing through the leaky deck, fell upon us in 
streams. 

June 10///. This morning, after a succession of fine showers, 
which greatly refreshed the face of nature, the wind began to 
breeze from the north-west. This favourable incident deter- 
mined us to weigh anchor and to display our sails. We soon 
ran down to Pemaquid, and saw at a distance, up a large 
opening to the northward, a number of fine settlements around 
the ancient port, while to the S. W., we had a pleasing prospect 
of Damariscove Island, mostly cleared land, with one or two 
habitations ; to the S. E., the Isle of Monhegan rose like a 



* QuERE — Robert Sandeman ? This person founded a religious sect which took 
his name. Many of his followers were Loyalists. See Sabine's American LoyaliUs. 
p. 591. 



136 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1779. 

mountain out of the ocean. We discovered a topsail schooner 
standing to the south, which was afterwards taken, as we 
understood, by the Blonde frigate. We now approached 
Pemaquid point, an extensive, narrow headland, running out 
into the sea for many miles. The shores, 1 observed, were 
very high, rocky and rude, covered with a fine appearance of 
trees, but destitute of any improvements or human habitations. 
W^e were obliged to beat all the way, for eighteen miles, up to 
Broad Cove, in order to discharge Mr. Palmer. In our passage, 
we passed by a beautiful island in possession of the famous 
Will Loud, containing several hundred acres of rich land. 
Opposite to this estate, on the western shore, was situated 
Round Pond, encircled with a number of elegant settlements. 

We came to an anchor a little above Loud's Island, and 
took our leave, with regret, of our zealous friend, Mr. Palmer. 
After he was gone, in order to divert our melancholy, while the 
people were filling their casks with water, we went on shore 
to a neighboring house, where we met with a friendly reception. 
About four in the afternoon we set sail, and proceeded almost 
to St. George's Island, under the assistance of a propitious 
breeze, but, on a sudden, the wind shifted to the south-east, 
and blew with some degree of violence, which compelled us to 
alter our course, and to stand up the river towards the settle- 
ments in Broad Cove. Nothing could be more romantic and 
pleasing than the prospects around us. 

As we sailed up the harbour a number of islands of various 
shapes and sizes, partly cultivated, and partly in their primeval 
vvildness, presented themselves to view in alternate succession, 
till we had a distant appearance of the Dutch plantations at 
Broad Bay, lying contiguous on both sides of the river. At 
length the fine settlements on the Bristol shore suddenly 
opened upon us, the fields arrayed in virgin green, gently 
sloping down to the water, exhibited an idea of cheerfulness 
and joy. The reflection, however, that we were doomed to 
abandon these pleasant scenes, checked the rising emotions 
of the heart, and filled our minds with the glooms of melancholy 
and sorrow. 

When we came to anchor, the two brothers conducted us on 



1779.] LIFE OF HEY. JACOB BAILEY. 137 

shore, and we walked through a range of fields and pastures 
to the habitation of Mr. Rhodes, who received us with sincere 
cxpret^sions of hospitality- The sun was now descending 
towards the margin of the west(M-n horizon, and every object 
was brightened with his beams and softened with the cooling 
breezes of evening. We were soon provided with a dish of 
tea, which, after our fatigue and sickness upon the water, 
aflbrded us a seasonable refreshment. After this grateful 
repast, we walked among the rural scenes, and surveyed them 
with a pleasing regret, and having spent the remainder of the 
evening in conversation, supper and devotion, we went to 
repose, and slept quietly till the morning. 

MR. RHODES. 

This generous farmer was born in Germany, and emigrated 
from those dominions in the early part of his life. By his 
sobriety, uprightness and industry, he has acquired an handsome 
fortune, and had the curse of rebellion never fallen upon 
America, he would live in elegance and plenty without the 
labour of his hands; but his family, in common with others, 
has been reduced to a morsel of bread, through the inicpiity 
and distress of the times. This man, by a spirit of industry, 
has acquired a consid<'rable degree of knowledge, and, though 
in a remote corner of the world, understands both men and 
things, to a degree beyond persons in his station of life. He 
is rather silent, than talkative, yet curious and inquisitive, and 
listens with attetition to whatever is advanced in conversation, 
which sometimes inclines him to be wavering in religion and 
politicks, but when he has leisure to indulge his own rellections, 
he always fixes in favor of the Church and British Govern- 
ment. He is humane, generous and hospitable, but is wholly 
destitute of noise in his benevolent communications; no man 
has a greater portion of integrity, or is more disposed to make 
his neighbors happy. But with all these virtues, and a dispo- 
sition never to contradict or irritate, he could not escape the 
malice and vengeance of liberty; but notwithstanding his 
mildness and moderation, neither threatenings nor persuasion 

could [A part of the MS. is wanting.] 

18 



138 FRONTIER MISSIONARY; OR, [1779. 

June 12th. This morning wlien daylight appeared we got 
under weigh, with a light breeze from the north-west, which 
soon carried us out of the harbonr. We steered an E, S. E. 
course, intending to cross the Bay of Fundy, but before 
we had gained two leagues from St. George's Island, it became 
entirely calm, during which we caught a considerable quantity 
of cod-fish. After rolling in the sea for two or three hours, the 
wind began to breeze from the S. S. E., which obliged us to 
keep close hauled; but before we could reach the Island of 
Metinic, a thick fog set in, which excluded us from the sight 
of any land. This induced us to bear away for the Muscle 
Ridges, a number of islands lying of}' Bt. George's, to the west 
of Penobscot Bay. In our progress towards a convenient 
harbour, we were alarmed by the firiiig of cannon at some 
distance on the eastern points of the compass. A thick fog, 
attended by a stormy wind, prevented us from making land 
till we came almost upon it. We at length discovered an 
opening, through which we explored a passage without any 
disaster, and came to anchor a little to the leeward of several 
small islands. Mrs. Bailey and I immediately went on shore, 
at a little beach, which opened between the rocks. The land 
was covered with trees, and the skirts of the upland covered 
with gooseberry bushes, alexander, and a multitude of curious 
plants and flowers of luxurious growth and various colors, 
which formed an elegant border to these wild and romantic 
scenes. Nothing could be more unequal and deformed than tlic 
appearances around us, as we walked along the margin of 
this island; here we encountered a vast pile of ragged stones, 
thrown upon each other in the utmost disorder, resembling the 
ruins of nature; there a rocky promontory, breaking suddenly 
into horrid precipices, with tremendous chasms and caverns 
gaping beneath us; on this hand a smooth and even beach, 
covered with small pebbles, and gently sloping to the edge of 
the water; on that a level spot adorned with green and enam- 
eled with flowers. 

After we had diverted ourselves with these various appear- 
ances, we returned on board and drank cotlee. But curiosity 
impelled us to visit another island which lay at a farther 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 139 

distance towards the south-east. The tide was so rapid and 
replete with eddies and whirlpools, that it was with some 
difllcnity and hazard wc reached the destined shore. We 
found here, a fuie, sandy beach with an elegant slope, but the 
island was so overgrown \vilh immense trees, chiefly yellow 
birch, and underbrush, that it was almost impossible to pene- 
trate the thickets. We discovered, in our excursions, a number 
of flowers and plants of the same species which flourish upon 
the other neighbouring islands. We reached our vessel about 
sunset, when an heavy uiist set in, and the wind began to 
breeze from the eastern points of the compass. 

We passed away the evening in as agreeable a manner as 
our present situation would permit, being no less than ten 
persons crowdi'd in the small cabin, amid heat and smoke, 
till we were almost suffocated, and then were obliged to repair 
u|:»on deck to breathe a purer air, l)ut here we were incommoded 
with the chilly fog and a numerous army of mosquito^:. After 
pui'tper we confined ourselves to our imprisonment in the hold, 
a dark and gloomy situation, where we were tormented with 
the stench of bilge water, aiid other disagreeable odors. 

Jime VStfi. [Sunday.) This morning opened with the same 
kind of weather as the preceding day, and this season, devoted 
to Christian joy and festivity, passed away without affording 
us any agreeable or cheerful incident. 

We however endeavored to preserve each other from sinking 
into melancholy. To persons in our situation, scarce any- 
thing could be more disagreeable than to be detained by 
contrary winds, in the neighborhood of those hostile shores 
from which we were fleeing. After dinner Captain Smith 
thought it prudent to remove to a more convenient station, as 
the air and h(>avens proclaimed an approaching tempest, and 
we lay somewhat exposed to the ravages of a north-east wind. 
In consequence of this determination, we sailed about a mile 
to the eastern-most of this range of islands, and came to anchor 
at the enterance of a convenient little harbour, which formed 
a narrow opening into a large island. On the north shore we 
perceived a little habitation with a considerable quantity of 
improved land around it. This was a pleasing sight, as we 



140 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1779. 

had lately seen nothing except water and uncultivated wilds. 
On the opposite shore, we presently discovered another build- 
ing contiguous to a large growth of trees, with some little 
green patches between it and the margin of the water. We 
had no sooner secured our vessel, than John Hoffman, and the 
other two Dutchmen, took the boat and Avcnt on shore to 
procure a little milk. They quickly returned on board in high 
spirits, and with joy sparkling from their eyes, assuring us that 
a British fleet, with a detachment of land forces from Halifax, 
had just arrived in the country, and were resolved to take 
possession of the country and erect a fort in Penobscot Bay. 
We imagined this report to be too fortunate to be true, espe- 
cially as the people had it only from uncertain rumour. One 
circumstance, however, seemed to confirm it; we had, the 
the preceding forenoon, taken notice of a large square-rigged 
vessel standing along without the island, which we now had 
reason to apprehend was one of tlie royal fleet. These 
appearances served to amuse us during supper, and furnished 
abundant matter of conversation and gave rise to a variety of 
conjectures.. They however deprived me, in a great measure, 
of sleep, and 1 lay with eager impatience for the morning 
light. 

June lAth. After Ave arose, we began instantly to prepare 
for going on shore before breakfast, intending to take materials 
with us for that purpose, but we were detained a little by a 
miserable object from the house which stood on the south<n-o 
side of the harbour. The man bad famine strongly pictured 
in his face, and informed us that his wife had been delivered 
of a child about ten days before, and that she had ever since 
been destitute of any kind of sustenance, except one gill of 
Indian meal and a fish. Mrs. Bailey was so moved with her 
situation that she sent her some relief, notwithstanding we 
had the greatest prospect of suffering ourselves before we 
could reach the limits of Nova Scotia. We landed about 
seven in the morning, and were rejoiced to find ourselves once 
more delivered from a wretched confinement. We approaciied 
the house with some degree? of timidity, being ignorant of 
the people and uncertain what kind of reception they might 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 141 

give us. Mrs. Bailey was dressed with a small roll upon her 
head, which induced Mrs. Welch, mistress of the house, and 
her father to exclaim with the utmost vehemence against the 
wickedness of the times, and when they perceived that she 
was a minister's wife, they conceived the wearing of the roll 
to be an unpardonable crime. It is really surprising that 
when so luany flagrant vices prevail in the country, such as 
the most daring profaneness, perjury, and a visible contempt 
for all religious institutions, not to mention the oppression, 
injustice and inhumanity that is everywhere practiced with 
impunity, I repeat that it is surprising, that in such circum- 
stances, people should imagine that any particular fashion 
should occasion the indignation of Heaven against our country, 
or to imagine that dress or external habit enji^aores the attention 
of the Deity, more than the conduct of our lives, the words of 
our mouths, or the sentiments of our hearts. To rail against 
fashions has always been the employment of little and narrow 
minds, and is a convincing evidence of a mean and sordid 
pride, which envies every person who is able to appear in any 
distinction above ourselves. Mr. Welch, however, discovered 
a greater knowledge of the world, and reproved his wife for 
her censorious disposition ; this had an happy eflect, and we 
were afterwards treated with as iruich resj^ect and consideration 
as we could expect. The weather being very stormy, we 
were chii'fly confmed to the house, I, however, frequently ven- 
tured abroad in the rain to examine the various scenes around 
us, especially the vegetable productions, which flourished here 
in great perfection. The soil of this island is composed of 
dark, rich earth, intermixed with a vast profusion of clam 
shells, to the extent of several feet deep, which kind of com- 
position is extremely favourable to vegetation. These appear- 
ances are a strong indication that this island was formerly a 
noted place of rendezvous for the Indians, who resided here in 
great numbers in their fishing season. Mr. Welch had a 
pretty garden spot, contiguous to his house, which afforded me 
some amusement, though, I must confess, I could not survey 
the varions objects and rising plants without many sorrowful 
emotions ; everything about me recalled the pleasing scenes I 



142 FRONTIER MISSIONARY ; OR, [1779. 

had fort^aken, the delii^htfiil fruits of my labour, and excited a 
number of uneasy and painful sensations. After 1 had fatigued 
myself with walking in the wet and viewing every object 
M'ortliy of observation, I reentered the house and diverted 
myself with the conversation and long stories of father Renkin. 
He was between seventy and eighty years of age, had read a 
few authors, just sufficient to excite his vanity, and had some 
considerable acquaintance with all the ancient settlers in the 
eastern country, and was able to furnish several curious anec- 
dotes of them and their ancestors. His notions, however, 
were very contracted, and, like a true Irish Presbyterian, he 
was better pleased to censure than applaud. We here received 
a confirmation of the British invasion, and though the people 
here had always favored the rebellion, they were now extremely 
forward to make a seasonable submission, since any kind of 
resistance would only contribute to increase their misfortunes, 
and, ' besides,' continued they, 'it must be for our interest to 
receive protection and support from the Britons, as our adlier- 
ence to Congress can assure us nothing but misery, nakedness 
and famine.' After dining on shore, and making several 
excursions abroad, we returned to our vessel about sunset, 
when the storm b(>gan to rage with increasing violence. The 
noise of the winds, the dashing of the waves against the 
adjacent rocks, and the falling of the rain upon the deck, were 
sufficient to prevent us from taking any comfortable repose. 

June 15///. When we arose in the morning we perceived 
the weather to be still wet and storming, with the wind about 
east; and, as there was no prospect of sailing, we determined 
to spend the day on shore. The people received us with civil- 
ity, especially as we were able to give them a taste of bread, 
which was here an extreme rarity. I observed that vegetables 
upon these islands were at least ten days later in their advance 
towards perfection than at Pownalboro'; this must certainly 
be owing to the sea air and the frequency of fogs. I found 
Mr. Welch very obliging, and disposed to give me all the as- 
sistance and entertainment in his power. After dinner, as the 
girls were walking out, they returned in surprise, and declared 
they had discovered a barge full of men making towards the 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 143 

shore on the north-eaKtorn side of the island. At the same 
time Capt. Smith and Dr. Myers arrived from our vessel, 
bringing information that a large brig passed by ;hi opening 
to the northward, between two islands. This intelligence de- 
termined Mr. Welch, Capt. Smith, and T, to walk round the 
island, but to our mortification we were vinable to make any 
discovery, the brig, w'e imagined, having slipped into Owl's 
Head, at the distance of a league, — the wind favoring such a 
movement. As w^e were returning, on the eastern side of the 
island, an heavy shower overtook us, and we were alarmed by 
several loud and rattling peals of thunder, upon which the 
clouds began to disperse and the Heavens to brighten. But 
this flattering prospect did not long continue, for as the even- 
ing advanced an heavy dark mist overspread both the land 
and water. 

We spent this day more agreeably than the former, and had 
a variety of incidents to drive away melancholy reflections; 
ft)r notwithstanding we assumed an air of cheerfnlness and 
resolution, it occasioned us abundance of regret and chagrin, 
when we found ourselves departing from our native country, 
to seek a refuge in a foreign region, among strangers, who 
woidd probal)ly eye us with suspicion and jealousy; and, be- 
sides, compulsion is always attended with uneasy sensations. 
Men can readily quit the land which gave them birth and ed- 
ucation when interest, pleasure, or curiosity entice them; but 
when they are expelled by faction, or legal authority, the case 
is extremely difi'erent; our |)ride, in these circumstances, is 
alarmed, and that natural abhorrence that every mortal has to 
restraint, embitters our minds, and we repair to the place of 
our banishment, however delightful and advantageous, wath 
reluctance and aversion. But what rendered our situation 
still more distressing, was the uncertainty of our return to our 
country, our friends, and habitation. 

About dark we returned again to our prison, and having pre- 
pared supj)er, continued to divert ourselves in the best manner 
we were able. We however proposed the next morning, should 
wind and weather permit, to go in search of the British fleet, 
and then went to repose. 



144 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1779. 

Jane 16///. This morning, when we awoke, a little before 
sunrise, we had the agreeable information that the weather 
was fine and clear, and the wind beginning to breeze from the 
west. This intelligence revived our spirits, but we were 
obliged to wait for the tide till after breakfast, for it being 
spring tides, the water had ebbed out so low that we were 
aground. It was with great impatience that we waited till the 
element returned to assist our escape; at length, about nine, 
we came to sail, and passed through a narrow channel, and 
stood away tow^ards Owl's Head, under favour of a propitious 
gale, with a view to discover, if possible, some of the British 
fleet. We stood away to the northward till we had a fair 
prospect into Owl's Head Harbour, but no vessels appearing, 
we had some dispute whether we should proceed up Penob- 
scot Bay, or direct our course for Nova Scotia. I was inclined 
to favour the former proposal, but the rest of our company 
being anxious to visit Halifax, and Mrs. Bailey expressing her 
fears that instead of finding British ships, we should fall among 
rebel cruisers, I gave directions to cross the Bay of Fundy. 
Nothing could be more flattering than the prospect before us; 
the sky was serene, w^ith a gentle gale from the west north- 
west, and a number of small clouds over the land, promised a 
propitious season. We were, besides, charmed with the va- 
rious appearances around us, — the ocean, interspersed with a 
multitude of fine islands, of ditrerent shapes and dimensions; 
to the north, Penobscot Bay opened into the land, with its nu- 
merous islands, covered with lofty trees, except here and there 
an infant plantation, while beyond, the Camden Mountains 
arose in majestic grandeur, throwing their rugged summits 
above the clouds; these, as we approached the Fox Islands 
without, began gradually to diminish till their dusky azure re- 
sembled the seat of a thunder-tempest, advancing to discharge 
its vengeance on some distant shore. But while we were 
viewing these romantic scenes with a mixture of delight and 
veneration, and taking leave of our native regions with melan- 
choly regret, the wind suddenly shifted into the S. S. W., and 
a thick fog covered the surface of the ocean in such a manner 
as to exclude every object. This incident afTorded us abun- 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 145 

dance of perplexity, as we had to pass through a multitude of 
islands and rocks, none of which could be discovered at the 
distance of ten rods. We however ventured to continue our 
voyage in this uncertain situation. The wind continued to 
blow a moderate gale, though it remained so scanty that 
we were obliged to go close-hauled. In the afternoon the 
weather for several hours was obscure and gloomy, and gave us 
uneasy apprehensions of an approaching storm, a circumstance 
no ways agreeable to persons confined to such a little shallop, 
in so threatening a tract of the ocean as the Eay of Fundy. 
These apprehensions continued to disturb our repose till about 
an hour before night, when the sun brake forth in all the 
brightness of his departing glory, and tinged the summits of 
the rolling waves with his level beams. At the same time we 
had a distant view of Mount Desert, at an immense distance, 
setting like a hillock on the water. All our company by this 
time were extremely sick, except the Captain, who was obliged 
to continue at the helm till the returning light began to dis- 
perse the shades of darkness. The wind continued somewhat 
favourable till after midnight, when it died away for more than 
two hours, then sprang up S. E., almost ahead ; about sunrise 
came to the east, then N. N. E., where it freshened up into a 
severe gale. It was now tide of flood, and the current pro- 
ceeding in direct opposition to the wind, a sharp and dan- 
gerous sea commenced. After reefing we attempted to scud, 
but the seas rolling over the vessel obliged us to bring to. 
The tempest still increased; the wind roared like thunder in 
the shrouds; the ocean around us was all ragged and deformed, 
and we were filled with great agitation and dread, expecting 
every moment to be swallowed up in the immense abyss. We 
were unable to take any refreshment, and continued till the 
storm abated confined to our miserable apartments. 

June Vllh. The storm continuing to rage with unceasing 
violence, we found ourselves in a very uneasy and dangerous 
situation, for, as I have already observed, the tides at this sea- 
son were exceeding full, which occasioned them to set into the 
Bay of Fundy with rapid violence, and the wind blowing hard 
against the current drove the water into irregular heaps, which 
19 



146 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1779. 

appeared on every hand like enormous rocks or pillars, — here 
rising in a conic form to an amazing height, and there breaking 
into tremendous precipices or falling ruins, while immense 
caverns, gaping from beneath, threatened us with immediate 
destruction. I vi^a?, during these commotions, confined with 
my family in the hold, but the weather being warm and the 
vessel extremely tight, we contrived to keep the hatchway 
partly open to let in fresh air and to prevent suffocation. The 
consequence of this precaution was a deluge of water; for the 
waves, breaking over the deck, came pouring upon us, and 
almost drowned us in our wretched confinement. In attempt- 
ing to scud before the wind and billows we were in imminent 
danger — a mighty wave brake over the stern and instantly 
plunged our trembling vessel under water; this obliged the 
captain to bring to, upon which alteration we became more 
secure till the tempest abated. During the continuance of 
this conflict our situation was extremely uneasy, every soul on 
board except Captain Smith being dying sick, and unable to 
afford him the least assistance, which rendered his care and 
labour abundantly more distressing. We that were imprison- 
ed in the hold were in a most woful pickle, almost stifled with 
the fumes of bilge water, our beds swimming, our clothes drip- 
ping wet, and our minds under the greatest anxiety for our- 
selves and each other. The thoughts of being driven from our 
country, our much loved home, and all those endearing con- 
nections we had been forming for so many years, and, if we 
escaped the angry vengeance of the ocean, the expectation of 
landing on a strange and unknown shore, depressed our spirits 
beyond measure, and filled us with the sad glooms of despond- 
ency and wo. But, as appearances often change in this various 
world, about two of the o'clock, when the tide began to set out 
of the Bay again, we were presently indulged with an happy 
alteration. The wind shifted further to the northward, the 
seas abated, and we quickly found ourselves able to proceed 
on our voyage; and still to cheer and animate our spirits, the' 
clouds began to break away, the fog to disperse, and the sun 
to adorn the waves with his western beams. Wafted by a 
gentle gale we advanced towards the Acadian shores, and 



1779.] 



LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 14' 



about three hours before sunset, to our great joy, discovered 
land ; but this pleasing prospect did not long continue, the 
wind fainted into a calm, and, as the darkness approached, an 
heavy fog covered the mighty deep in such a manner that we 
could not discover any object at the distance of a rod. Under 
these disagreeable circumstances we were obliged to stand off 
to sea in order to avoid the danger of running upon an un- 
known shore before morning. This unfortunate and unex- 
pected turn in the weather occasioned us great uneasiness, 
and threw us into our former dejection. To such a number of 
sea-sick and tempest-beaten mortals, who had been flattered 
with the prospect of entering into an harbour, this returning to 
sea was a most grievous mortification ; but we had no other 
remedy except patience, and a very slender dose of that excel- 
lent drug. As to myself, it gave me an addition of pain to 
find that Captain Smith had no assistance in these difficult 
circumstances, but was obliged to continue at the helm till 
daylight appeared. The fore part of the night we had the 
wind at S. S. W., with thick weather. 

June ISth. Towards morning the wind siiifted into the N. 
E., then east, and afterwards into the S. E., when it began to 
blow and rain, with most threatening appearances of a storm. 
This unexpected continuance of bad weather had a very ma- 
lignant influence upon our \\ hole company. The hands, with 
Dr. jNIayer, the old bachelor, swore bitterly ; the captain, not- 
withstanding his moderation, lost all patience, and loudly com- 
plained of the unpropitious season, while we began to imagine 
that we should never be able to reach our intended port, so 
many impediments arising to retard our progress. We, how- 
ever, found some consolation when we perceived that the wind 
rather abated, and in the afternoon it blew in our favor, so that 
we rediscovered the land towards evening. But the fog con- 
tinued to hover over the surface of the water in such a manner 
that it became wholly unsafe to aim at any harbour. In bear- 
ing away from the shore we discovered, through the surround- 
ing fog, several little islands, interspersed with rugged rocks, 
against which the waves, dashing with violence, occasioned a 



148 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1779. 

frightful roaring. We had the good fortune, however, to es- 
cape without damage. 

After keeping almost two days between decks, as it was 
now more cahii and moderate, I ventured out of my confine- 
ment to contemplate the striking prospect around us. Noth- 
ing appeared but a waste of waters in perpetual motion, with 
a surface rugged and unshapen beyond imagination, for the 
seas in this Bay of Fundy do not roll with regular succession 
as in other oceans, with gradual swellings, which rise in ex- 
tensive order, one behind another, as far as the eye can reach, 
but here we perceive waves of a thousand various figures and 
dimensions, resembling a multitude of rocks and broken frag- 
ments of nature, torn by some violent explosion, and rudely 
scattered over an immense desert or barren plain. While we 
were sitting upon deck and diverting ourselves as well as our 
situation would admit, one of our hens escaped from her con- 
finement in the salt room and flew about the vessel from one 
quarter to another, seemingly exulting in her liberty. But 
alas! this freedom proved the destruction of the volatile and 
noisy animal, for one of our company attempted to secure her, 
upon which she immediately flew overboard into the sea, and 
sat struggling and cackling upon the waves till we could see 
her no longer. I must confess that in my present circum- 
stances this accident affected me, and I was moved with com- 
passion for the foolish fiutterer, when I observed her exposed 
to inevitable destruction, striving to regain the vessel, and, as 
it were, calling aloud for assistance, when we were unable to 
afford the wretched being any relief. How often do we behold 
animals who fondly boast of reason, hurrying themselves with 
almost the same giddy precipitation into ruin. How common 
is it for men, when impatient of legal restraint, and ardent to 
acquire unbounded freedom, — how frequent is it for people 
in these circumstances, when they have escaped from every 
confinement and gained their wished for liberty, to plunge 
headlong into destruction, and when they become sensible too 
late of their unbounded rashness and folly, they are desirous 
from their hearts to reenter that condition they once called 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 149 

slavery and bondage. In short, I am convinced that no ani- 
mal in nature makes so pernicious an improvement of liberty 
as man; for notwithstanding all his boasted pretences to wis- 
dom, if you place him in a situation of unrestrained license, it 
is a thousand to one if he do not ruin both himself and all his 
intimate connexions. But enough of liberty for the present, 
since T had a sudicient surfeit from it in New England, and 
have seen from that abused principle all the miseries of licen- 
tiousness, anarchy, and tyranny, flowing like so many torrents 
to deluge that unhappy and devoted land. Just about sun- 
set we were favored with another flattering prospect of fine 
weather; a glim from the western hemisphere inspired us with 
pleasure, but upon the rising of the fog we were alarmed to 
find ourselves almost contiguous to a dangerous rock, called 
the Gurnet, which rose Vv^ith perpendicular sides, like a large 
building, above the water. The wind was now beginning to 
blow gently from the S. W., which, when we had cleared the 
land as we imagined, was extremely favourable to our purpose. 
But alas! when we had been running, as we fondly conceived, 
along the coast to the eastward of Cape Sable, to our great 
surprise we heard a terrible roaring on every hand. In this 
scene of apprehension and danger Captain Smith brought to, 
and upon sounding, perceived ourselves amidst shoals and 
breakers, in about two fathoms of water, and, as he concluded, 
just upon that terrible ledge or range of rocks, called the 
Devil's Limb. To extricate ourselves from this alarming situ- 
ation, the captain put instantly about, and we stood till day- 
light across this vexatious Bay of Fundy. 

June 19//(. When the daylight began to disperse the shades 
of darkness we found ourselves encumbered with a dismal fog, 
which hovered with almost impenetrable thickness over the 
face of the ocean, whilst the sky above was perfectly clear, 
with a tine beautiful azure. At length, after rolling several 
hours in a dead calm, the wind began to fill the sails,' when 
we discovered a large vessel loaded with lumber standing to- 
wards the south. This appearance induced us to make after 
her, and, if possible, to speak with her, that we might acquire 
some intelligence, but when she perceived our intention she 



150 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1779. 

crowded all her sails, and ran from us with the swiftest expe- 
dition, suspecting us, as we apprehended, for an enemy. 
About nine in the morning the fog wholly dispersed, and we 
were fav'orod with a serene sky and a fine breeze from the W. 
N. W., which happened to bo the most propitious quarter of 
Hea-ven. Having sailt'd an hour before this delightful gale we 
discovered the Seal Island, lying about seven leagues, as we 
imagined, to the N. E. About eleven we greatly rejoiced at 
the long wished for prospect of Cape Sable, and it gave us 
immense pleasure to behold a country under the dominion of 
our lawful Prince, and where the tyranny of republican villains 
had not yet extended. I was, however, surprised to find the 
coast low, with sandy hillocks along the shores, instead of 
those lofty, rugged promontories my imagination had created. 
We passed by this Cape a little after the middle of the day, 
and finding the wind and season favourable, we agreed to 
proceed for 7_jiverpool, which we hoj^ed to reach by the next 
morning. The sea was so smooth, and the weather so agree- 
able, that we contiiRied upon deck, viewing with the highest 
satisfaction the various objects on the land, which rose in suc- 
cession to divert our atte))tion from the fatigues of the voyage, 
while on the other hand we had nothing to employ the sight 
but a boundless world of waters, inhabited by millions of liv- 
ing creatures, prodigiously unlike in their shapes and dimen- 
sions. We now descried several fishing vessels at some dis- 
tance from the shore. They no sooner discovered us than they 
bore in with the land, and doubtless conceived themselves very 
fortunate in making their escape before we were able to over- 
take them. We perceived by this incident that they mistook 
us for one of those petty pirates which had lately infested 
these coasts, and plundered, without distinction, every vessel in 
their power. Before evening we passed by several fine har- 
bours ; the land all along the coast appeared very level, and 
nothing like mountains arose to diversify the scene. Some 
lesser eminences, indeed, and a few gentle swellings were 
discovered, just sufficient to destroy a disgustful uniformity. 
In many places the land was destitute of trees, and exhibited 
a pleasing surface of verdure, which softened the dusky horrors 



17T9.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 151 

of the woods. The latter chiefly consists of spruce, firs, and 
hemlock, fit retreats for melancholy and discontent. The sea- 
son was now so mild, and the motion so easy, that we had a 
cheerful supper together, and we were happy in the pleasing 
expectation of entering Liverpool the next morning. 

June 20///, [Sunday.) I arose this morning before the sun, 
and found that we were still favoured with a prosperous gale. 
The land appeared extremely pleasant, and the odor of plants 
impregnated with the morning dew was agreeable and refresh- 
ing beyond measure. The sun began to arise from the bof;om 
of the ocean, and in a few minutes tinged the eastern summit 
of the svia^lling waves with the beams of his glory. All nature 
put on a pleasing appearance, and inspired us with cheerful- 
ness and grateful joy to reflect that we had arrived so near our 
desired port. But as nothing can be more uncertain and de- 
lusive than appearances at sea, we were quickly morlilied with 
a failure of wind. A perfect calm ensued, and we lay tum- 
bling and rolling at about three miles distance from the shores 
of Malagash. While were detained in this manner John Hofl"- 
man put over a line and caught two fine cod fi^sh, one upon 
each hook, atid continued the sport with the same success till 
he had procured a dozen. Upon this, the two brothers cominw 
upon deck, reproved him sharply for his wickedness in profan- 
ing the Sabbath, and when they could not restrain him they 
swore a multitude of oaths! Strange, that persons who in- 
dulged themselves in the rudest conversation, and who scru- 
pled not to take the Sacred Name in vain, should nevertheless 
have such a reverence for a day consecrated to Plis service, as 
to neglect all kinds of business, however advantageous and 
necessary. But this is just in the character of New England 
saints, who worship the Sabbath, while at the same time they 
treat the Lord of the Sabbath with the most indecent famili- 
arity and disrespect. Thus man, the most inconsistent animal 
in nature, often strains at a gnat and swallows a camel with- 
out any manner of inconvenience. 

The wind about eight of the clock begins to breeze from 
the S. W., and through our impatience we imagine the vessel 
makes a most rapid progress, while she went scarcely three 



152 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1779. 

miles an hour, and so eager were we to go on shore that we 
began to dress at the distance of above forty miles from Hali- 
fax. The passage over Margaret's Bay to Cape Sambro ap- 
peared extremely tedious, and we were constantly employed 
for eight hours in looking out for the light-house. I had abun- 
dance of leisure to make observations on the country during 
this interval, and the land, which had hitherto put on a most 
uniform appearance, now began to exhibit a very different face. 
It seemed to rise gradually from the shore to some distance 
from the sea, and then to shoot into lofty hills of various forms, 
covered, according to the best of our observation, with beech, 
birches, and other species of white wood. As we advanced 
forward our impatience increased in proportion as the distance 
lessened, and the captain went several times to the foremast 
head to make discoveries, but without success. In the after- 
noon we discovered a sail standing away to the southward, 
which we afterwards understood to be part of a fleet bound 
from Halifax to Quebeck, having on board several officers and 
a number of troops for that department. The wind continu- 
ing to blow fresh at S. W., we at length, about an hour before 
sunset, were favoured with the sight of Sambro Island, and 
the light-house, to our inexpressible satisfaction. A gleam of 
joy brightened all our faces, and we manifested every external 
expression of gladness at the reviving prospect. Before dark 
this desirable object was full in view, and the ledges upon 
which it was erected were plainly seen from the deck, and 
when the daylight disappeared the light in the lanthorn was 
visible to conduct us into a safe and commodious harbour. 
However, before we were able to fetch within the light-house, 
a black cloud arose, and the wind shifted into the N. W., 
which reduced us to the disagreeable necessity of beating into 
the harbour. Under this disadvantage we laboured hard till 
after midnight, and then came to anchor a little within Je- 
bucto Head. Here we imagined ourselves entirely secure from 
the danger of American rovers^ presuming they would not 
have the impudence to venture so near thti Metropolis of an 
hostile Province; but in these conjectures we were certainly 
mistaken, for, as we were afterwards informed, the preceding 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 153 

week, a rebel privateer sailed a considerable way into the har- 
bour, almost within reach of the cannon, and captivated a brig 
laden with provisions and sngar. The Howard and Buckram, 
a couple of cruisers, observing this daring manrruvre, pushed 
immediately out in pursuit of these adventurers, but being 
furnished \yith a number of oars, as well as sails, the privateer 
escaped, while they ran the prize on shore, which by this acci- 
dent bilged, and most of her cargo was either lost or damaged. 

I am persuaded that my countrymen exceed all mankind 
in a daring and enterprising disposition. Their bold and 
adventurous spirit, more especially, appears with distinguish- 
ing eclat when they are engaged in any unjust and vicious 
undertaking, and their courage commonly increases in pro- 
portion to the badness and villany of the cause they en- 
deavour to support. Let a New England man once throw 
olT the restraints of education, he becomes a hero in wicked- 
ness, and the more strict and religious he has been in his 
former behaviour, the greater will be his impiety in his present 
situation. It has often been remarked by foreigners, who have 
been engaged in commerce with our Puritans, that when they 
first come abroad no people alive have such a sacred regard 
for religious worship, or the day appointed for that purpose, 
and none have such a prevailing aversion to profane swearing, 
and yet they quickly become the most docile scholars in the 
sc'iool of vice, and make the greatest proficiency in every 
species of profanity. They openly ridicule their former at- 
tachment to devotion, and are very ingenious in framing new 
and spirited oaths, and when they have any extraordinary 
mischief to perform they always choose to perpetrate it on 
Sunday. 

June 2\iit. No sooner did the morning light begin to soften 
the horrors of darkness, than I arose and took possession of the 
deck to observe the weather and to survey the adjacent coun- 
try. I found that we were overtaken by a dead calm, and the 
heavens were covered with rolling volumes of black and 
dismal clouds which shed a dark and dejecting gloom over all 
the surrounding scenes of nature. But if I was inspired with 
melancholy sentiments at this dusky prospect, I was perfectly 
20 



154: FRONTIER missionary; or, [1779. 

shocked when I turned ray eyes towards the land which 
stretched along the western quarter. The shore which now 
engages my attention is the famous Jebucto Head, a most 
enormous congress of rocky ledges running with a lofty and 
impregnable front into the sea, while the surface is inexpressi- 
bly rugged and broken, covered with shrubby spruce, fir and 
hemlock, which by their starving and misshapen appearance 
sufficiently indicate the severity of the climate and the barren- 
ness of the soil. But notwithstanding the unpleasing aspect 
of this strange region, I could not forbear the returns of grati- 
tude to Providence for safely conducting me and my family to 
this retreat of freedom and security from the rage of tyranny 
and the cruelty of oppression. The wind beginning to blow 
softly as the light increased, we weighed anchor, displayed 
the canvas and got under way. The sun being risen we 
perceived that the land on the eastern side of the harbour 
was in comparison extremely agreeable ; the beach was cov- 
ered with small pebbles, the banks, which were moderately 
high, resembled the colour of deep burnt bricks, and the trees 
of various species, tall and well shaped. And what added to 
the beauty and cheerfulness of the prospect, the forest was in 
many cases discontinued and finely interspersed with patches 
of cleared ground, adorned with a lively verdure. 

But we were again sadly disappointed in our expectations, 
for we fondly imagined that upon our entrance into the har- 
bour we should have the whole mctrojjolis in open view, and 
a number of lofty buildings rising in conspicuous glory, with 
a respectable part of the Royal Navy lying at anchor before 
the town. Instead of which flattering instances of power, 
grandeur and magnificence, we could observe no edifices ex- 
cept the citadel and two or three scattered habitations; and as to 
shipping we saw only two sail of armed vessels and three or 
four sail at Major's Beach, for we were ignorant that both the 
town and the proper harbour were concealed by the inter- 
position of St. George's Island and certain aspiring eminences 
to the northward. As we sailed slowly up the harbour, the 
next object which invited our attention, was a large fleet of 
Indian canoes, coasting along the Jebucto shore and filled with 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 155 

multitudes of the native Micmacs, and at the same time we 
espied several of these copper-faced sons of liberty either 
landing on the margin of a little bay, or climbing up the stu- 
pendous precipices. We took notice upon this occasion, that 
artificial ways were formed up these steepy cliffs for the 
conveniency of ascending or conveying down timber, which is 
frequently cut on the summit of these ridges for the public 
works at Halifax. As we advanced still further from the 
ocean, the town began gradually to open, and we had in prospect 
several strong fortifications, as the Eastern Battery, (Jeorge's 
Fort, and strong ramparts upon the neighbouring heights, with " 
all their terrible apparatus of cannon and mortars. When we 
arrived near the above-mentioned Island of St. George's, we 
had a most advantageous, striking view of this northern capital, 
stretching a mile and an half upon the eastern ascent of an 
extensive hill, while a large collection of shipping lay either 
contiguous to the wharves, or else were riding, with the Brit- 
tanic colours flying, in the channel, a sight which instantly 
inspired us with the most pleasing sensations. We expected 
to be hailed as we passed St. George's Fort, but the people, 
conceiving our vessel to be some coaster from Malagash, we 
were suffered to proceed without any inquiry. 

We were now all upon deck, contemplating with infinite 
wonder and satisfaction the various objects about us, but we 
must however except John Hoffman from this agreeable em- 
ploy, who was so affected with alternate joy and concern at 
the sight of his native place, that he retired into the cabin, 
there to indulge in solitude these conflicting passions. I 
perceived, that though he was highly rejoiced to behold the 
country where he was born and educated, yet he was seized 
with a prevailing anxiety of heart, lest he should find his 
tender mother, who had long mourned his absence, departed 
to the shades of death. 

These uneasy apprehensions rendered hira unfit for company, 
and threw him at length into visible confusion and distress. 
We were now indulging in a thousand pleasir)g reflections 
as we approached near the centre of the town, and this situa- 
tion reminded us that it was proper to explore some convenient 



156 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1779. 

place to secure a landing, but previous to this agreeable event 
it was concluded to investigate the Commodore's ship, and 
to solicit the naval commander for liberty to go on shore. A 
boat passing by this instant hailed us and demanded, as they 
were going swiftly under sail, from whence we came? We 
replied, from Kennebeck. This answer occasioned a visible 
surprise in the company, who continued repeating: 'Kenne- 
beckl Kennebeck!' Seeing a number of men on board a 
sloop, we desired them to point out the Commodore, and 
received immediate information that thers was no such officer 
in the harbour. This intelligence determined us directly to 
make towards a wharf, which happened to be near the Pontac* 
We were now plainly sensible that our uncouth habits and 
uncommon appearance had, by this time, attracted the notice 
of multitudes, who flocked towards the water to indulge their 
curiosity. These inquisitive strangers threw us into some 
confusion, and to prevent a multitude of impertinent interroga- 
tions, which might naturally be expected by persons in our 
circumstances, I made the following public declaration, stand- 
ing on the quarter deck: "Gentlemen, we are a company of 
fugitives from Kennebeck, in New England, driven by famine 
and persecution to take refuge among you, and therefore I 
must entreat your candour and compassion to excuse the 
meanness and singularity of our dress." 

I that moment discovered among the gathering crowd Mr. 
Kitson, one of our Kennebeck neighbours, running down the 
street to our assistance. He came instantly on board, and 
after mutual salutations, helped us on shore. Thus, just a 
fortnight after we left our own beloved habitation, we found 
ourselves landed in a strange country, destitute of money, 
clothing, dwelling or furniture, and wholly uncertain what coun- 
tenance or protection we might obtain from the governing pow- 
ers. Mr. Kitson kindly oft'ered to conduct us either to Mr. 
Brown's or Capt. Callahan's; andjustas we had quitted our ves- 
sel, Mr. Moody, formerly clerk to the King's Chapel, appeared to 
welcome our arrival. But as it may ati'ord some diversion to 

*Sic in MS. 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 157 

the courteous reader, I will suspend my narration a few mo- 
ments to describe the singularity of our apparel, and the order 
of our procession through the streets, which were surprisingly 
contrasted by the elegant dresses of the gentlemen and ladies 
we happened to meet in our lengthy ambulation. And here I 
am confoundedly at a loss where to begiji, whether with Capt. 
Smith or myself, but as he was a faithful pilot to this haven of 
repose, I conclude it is no more than gratitude and complai- 
sance to give him the preference. He was clothed in a long 
swingling thread-bare coat, and the rest of his habit displayed 
the venerable signatures of antiquity, both in the form and 
materials.' His hat carried a long peak before, exactly perpen- 
dicular to the longitude of his aquiline nose. On the right 
hand of this sleek commander shullled along your very humble 
servant, having his feet adorned with a pair of shoes, which 
sustained the marks of rebellion and independence. My legs 
were covered with a thick pair of blue woolen stockings, which 
had been so often mended and darned by the fingers of frugal- 
ity, that scarce an atom of the original remained. My breech- 
es, which just concealed the shame of my nakedness, had for- 
merly been black, but the color being worn out by age, nothing 
remained but a rusty grey, bespattered with lint and bedaubed 
with pitch. Over a coarse tow and lineti shirt, manufactured 
in the looms of sedition, I sustained a coat and waistcoat of 
the same dandy grey russet; and, to secrete from public in- 
spection the innutiK'rable rents, holes, and deformities, which 
time and misfortunes had wrought in these ragged and 
weather-beaten garments, I was furnished with a blue surtout, 
fretted at the elbows, worn at the button-holes, and stained 
with a variety of tints, so that it might truly be styled a coat 
of many colours, and to render this external department of my 
habit still more conspicuous and worthy of observation, the 
waist descended below luy knees, and the skirts hung dangling 
about my heels ; and to complete the whole a jaundice-coloured 
wig, devoid of curls, was shaded by the remnants of a rusty 
beaver, its monstrous brim replete with notches and furrows, 
and grown limpsy by the alternate inflictions of storm and 
sunshine, lopped over my shoulders, and obscured a face 



158 FRONTiEE, missionary; or, [1779. 

meagre with famine and wrinkled with solicitude. My con- 
sort and neice eame lagging behind at a little distance, the 
former arrayed in a ragged baize niglit-gown, tied 'round her 
middle with a woolen string instead of a sash ; the latter carried 
upon her I)aek the tattered remains of an h(;mlock-coloored 
linsey-woolsey, and both their heads were adorned with bon- 
nets composed of black moth-eaten stnff, almost devoured with 
the teeth of time. I forgot to mention the admirable figure of 
their petticoats, jagged at the bottom, distinguished by a niulti- 
tude of fissures, and curiously drabbled in the mud, for an heavy 
rain was now beginning to set in. And to close this solemn pro- 
cession, Dr, Mayer and our faitliful John iiiarehed along in all the 
pride of poverty and majesty of rags and patches, Vvdiich exhibit- 
ed the various dyes of the rainbow. I'be Doctor proceeded with 
a yellow bushy beard, grinning all the way, while his broad 
Dutch face opened at his mouth from ear to ear. The other 
continued his progression with a doleful solemnity of counte- 
nance, as if he designed to give a kind of dignity to the wretch- 
ed fragments of his apparel which floated in the wind. In this 
manner our procession began, and was supported till we arrived 
at Capt, Callahan's, near half a mile from the place of our land- 
ing. This worthy gentleman, wlio was formerly my frieiid and 
neighbour, was at this time absent on the expedition to Penob- 
scot. Having obtained entrance, we saw no |)erson in the room 
but Polly Clensy, a young girl whom this family had transported 
from Kennebeck. After her Mirprise at our unexpected appear- 
ance was a little abated, she ran up stairs to infortn Mrs. 
Callahan of our arrival, but in her precipitation forgot to men- 
tion her God-son, Charley, which made her immediately con- 
clude that we had by some fatal accident lost him. This filled 
the good woman with alarming emotions, and she hastened 
down w^ith evident expressions of anxiety and tremor in her 
face, for it was some moments before she observed the little 
charmer prattling about the room. Indeed, we were all so 
deeply afl'ected with this happy meeting that we could hardly 
speak to each other, and a seem; of silent confusion ensued 
till our various agitations began to stibside. Mrs. Callahan 
quickly informed us that she had a dream, the preceding night, 



1779.] LIFE. OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 159 

which occasioned her no small nneasincss. Slie imagined in 
her sleep, that as she was dressing before breakfast, Polly came 
running up to her chamber in the utmost hurry, and assured 
her that Mr. Bailey and family were all safely arrived from 
New England except little Charley, wlio was missing, upon 
which information she descended with an heavy heart, and 
found all as Polly had repn^sented — all the family present 
except the lovely cliild. She further fancied in her dream, 
that in the midst of our mutual in(|niries and congratulations, 
JMaster Harry Brown came in, and after paying his compli- 
ments informed us that his papa was coming immediately to 
give us joy. 

No sooner had Mrs. Callahan fmished her dream than Mas- 
ter Harry came smiling and blushing into the room, and after 
bidding us welcome to Halifax, acquainted me that his papa 
was approaching to pay me his comi)Iiments. The women, 
upon this occasion, declared with united voices, that the dream 
was fulfilled in a very remarkable maimer. By this time my old, 
generous friend, Mr. Brown, was arrived, in company with Cap- 
tain Martin Gay, a refugee from Boston. These two worthy 
gentlemen, by their obliging conduct and sensible conversation, 
greatly reiiev(>d our spirits. In a few minutes after, we were 
favoured with a visit from the polite and generous Doctor 
Breynton, Rector of St. iVuil's Church in Halifax. He ad- 
dressed us with that ease, freedom, and gentleness peculiar to 
himself. His countenance exhibited a most fim'shed picture 
of compassionate good nature, and tiie efl'nsions of tenderness 
and humanity glistened in his venerable eyes when he had 
learned j)art of our history. He kindly assured us that he 
most heartily congratulated us upon our fortunate deliverance 
from tyranny, oppression, and poverty, and he declared that 
we might depend on his attention and assistance to make us 
comfortable and happy. The turn of his features, and the 
manner of his expression, allbrded a convincing evidence of 
his sincerity, and the event afterwards gave me undeniable 
demonstration that I was not mistaken in my favourable con- 
jectures. Before we parted he informed me that it was ex- 
pected I should wait upon the (Governor at eleven to acquaint 



160 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1779. 

him with my arrival, and to solicit his countenance and pro- 
tection. 

Breakfast being prepared and the table adorned with proper 
furniture for tea and a loaf of flour bread, our young vshaver, 
who had never seen anything of the like nature and coiKstruc- 
tion before, was so moved with its appearance, that be ran 
smiling to the table, and, assuming every childish expression 
of admiration and joy, exclaimed in the fulness of his heart: 
"Pray, mamma, what is that on Mrs. Callahan's table?" He 
was told that it was bread. "What bread, mamma; is it 
baked bread?" for the poor little fellow had never seen or 
tasted any bread made of flour. This incident greatly affectetl 
the whole company, and the good Doctor in particular, could 
scarcely refrain from tearful emotions. He now begged to be 
excused for the present, and repaired directly to Mr. Justice 
Wenman's, keeper of the Orphan House, to procure us, with 
the assistance of this gentleman, a comfortable habitation. 
This honest magistrate was so touched with our deplorable 
circumstances and situation, especially with the anecdote of 
the child, that he took a guinea out of his pocket, and, address- 
ing himself to the Doctor, "Here," says he, "is something to 
buy the young chatterbox a little bread for the present." 

We had at breakfast an old lady and a very pretty, genteel 
young Miss, about twelve, natural daughter to the famous 
Captain Mowatt. Dr. Breynton quickly returned with the 
most soothing expressions of kindness and friendship. He 
politely entreated Mrs. Bailey to expel from her mind ail 
uneasy and distressing apprehensions, and repeatedly assured 
us both, that many persons among them would cheerfully 
exert themselves to the utmost of their power to make our 
situation easy and desirable, and cautioned us against indulging 
gloomy and anxious ideas any longer. He then presented the 
little Tory, as he called him, with the guinea from Mr. Wenman, 
and looking upon his watch, declared it was time to wait upon 
the Governor. At his direction, and in his company, I walked 
out in my ridiculous habit, attended by that queerest of mortals, 
Dr. Mayer, who, to render his poverty still more conspicuous, 
had put on, over his rags and dirty linen, a thread-bare scarlet 



1779.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 161 

coat, brought out of Germany near thirty years ago. In our 
progress, our kind conductor introduced aie to several gentle- 
men who hapi^ened to be in our way, among which number 
it would l)e ungrateful not to mention Col. Butler, the agent 
victualler, and one of His Majesty's Council for this Province, 
who observing the meanness of my dress, took the Doctor 
aside and ordered me a suit of superfine broadcloth. The 
next person of conse(juence who engaged our attention was 
Mr. Franklin, formerly Lieut. Governor of Nova Scotia: he 
had several Indians in his train, arrayed in all their tinsel finery; 
among the rest a Sachem belonging to the tribe of St. Johns. 
This fellow, by the oddity of his appearance and the singularity 
of his visage, immediately struck my imagination, and I was 
unable to look upon him without a mixture of hilarity and 
w^onder. He was arrayed in a long blue coat, adorned Avith a 
scarlet cape, and bound close about his loins with a girdle. 
He wore upon his head a narrow-brimmed llojiped hat, and 
his face was an entire composition of wrinkles. I was admit- 
ted to the honor of shaking hands with this American Monarch, 
who, eyeing me from head to foot, and perceiving that I had 
more rags than fmery about me, I plainly discerned that his 
complaisance was mingled with a degree of contempt, for, 
instead of pulling olf his hat, he only touched it with his 
fingers and nodded his head; though I remarked a few days 
after, when I was dressed in a new suit of clothes, he ap- 
proached me with higher marks of veneration, and did " not 
fail to take his hat wholly from his head. Thus people of all 
nations, both barbarous and polished, reverence and respect 
their fellow creatures, not for qualities, which belong to human 
nature, but on account of those ornaments for which they are 
indebted to other parts of the creation. In our way to the 
supreme ruler of the Province, the Doctor conducted me into 
his lodgings at Mr. Fletcher's, where he presented me with a 
beaver, almost new, and then, crossing the street, introduced 
me to the Governor. We entered through a gate into a large 
back yard, where we found two or three servants attending. 
Acquainting them with our business, they conducted us into 
an elegant apartment, and after waiting a few minutes his 
21 



162 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1779. 

Honor appeared, and kindly welcomed me io his government, 
and then, desiring us to be seated, began to ask me a variety 
of questions concerning 1Sg\y England, and about the eastern 
country and my own private affairs. I endeavored to satisfy 
his curiosity in the best manner I was able. I assured him 
that the inhabitants of New England were in a deplorable 
situation, torn to pieces by discontent and factions among 
themselves, heartily tired of the war, sick of their French 
alliance, reduced to poverty, and sorely distressed for want of 
provisions. As to the eastern country from which I was happy- 
enough to escape, I informed him that the people were almost 
universally dissatisfied with the dominion of the Congress; 
that they were laboring under the horrors of nakedness and 
famine, and at the same time cruelly harrassed and persecuted 
by a number of inexorable tyrants, who had got all the power 
into their hands; and lastly, 1 gave him a s^hort histoiy of my 
own adventures among the rebels, and of the injurious treat- 
ment I received at their hands. Daring our conversation, ^Ir. 
Buckley, the Secretary, came in and gave me his most hearty 
congratulations. After the Secretary had retired we continued 
our conversation about the American rebellion, when I signified 
to the Governor that I was perfectly acquainted Avith the 
capital leaders in the present revolt, and from a thorough 
knowledge of their tempers, principles and circumstances, I 
was far from wondering at their proceedings, since I always 
considered them as proper implements of faction, sedition and 
turbulence; ambition, avarice and revenge, being their pre- 
dominant and governing passions. I found the Governor very 
sociable and strictly inquisitive. At parting be assured me 
that he would employ his interest to procure me relief and to 
make my abode in the Province agreeable, and in the conclu- 
sion advised me to prepare a memorial of my adventures and 
sufferings, with a view to its speedy publication. This he 
suggested as the most eligible method of obtaining some 
present emolument. 

Having taken my leave of the Governor, Dr. Breynton 
presented me with a couple of Jo's, and, who could believe it, 
my simple heart danced within me at the appearance of gold. 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 163 

wicked gold I that has been, and still continues to be, the 
parent of ten thousand evils. Thou pernicious metal I Who 
shall presume to declare in thy favour, after all the mischief 
thou hast occasioned in the world? Thou hast often, by thy 
all-commanding power, compelled mankind to despise the 
demands of justice, to spread the flames of devastation, to 
wield the sword of destruction, to dissolve the tenderest ties 
of nature, and to commit the most shocking enormities with 
impunity. I have seeti multitudes so bewitched by thy 
glittering charms as to renounce the most sacred obligations 
and the softest feelings. Inspired by thee, they have closed 
up the bowels of compassion, have turned away their eyes 
from the sight of distress, and have been deaf when the voice 
of misery pierced the very heavens. For thee, men have 
renounced the j)rinciples of truth and veracity, have proved 
false to their engagements, have appealed to the Almighty for 
the confirmation of a lie, have betrayed their country, have 
conspired against their King, denied their Saviour, and blas- 
phemed their God, and yet, notwithstanding all these and a 
million other flagrant crimes thou art daily teaching men to 
commit, yet still thou art respected, courted, followed, and 
adored with the profoundest veneration. 

Parting from this benevolent gentleman while my heart was 
bursting with gratitude, I took this opportunity of visiting 
Mrs. Brown and her lovely daughter, neither of whom I had 
seen since my arrival. Our meeting was affectionate and our 
declarations of friendship and tenderness perfectly sincere. 
As soon as the rapturous effusions of benignity and the irreg- 
ular expressions of mutual ardor began to subside, INIrs. Brown 
presented me with a bottle of Keppen's snuff, a comfortable 
repast for my nose, and then ordered me a pair of English 
shoes, and a couple of black worsted stockings. The sight 
and possession of the British manufactures gave pleasure to 
my inward man, and compelled me to smile at both corners of 
my mouth, while the considerate and bountiful indulgence of 
my former friends began to smooth the furrows of my face, 
and I returned back to Mrs. Callahan's, I verily believe, with 
the loss of several wrinkles. Soon after my return, Mr. 



164 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1779. 

Ben net, another clergyman and Missionary from the Society 
came to visit us, and made a polite tender of his service. His 
design was, if I had no family, to offer me a part of his 
lodgings in the Assembly House. We had what I esteemed 
an elegant dinner, for it Avas so long since I beheld a well 
furnished table, that what others esteemed only tolerable, 
appeared to me splendid and sumptuous beyond compare. I 
found myself extremely contented and happy in the society, 
the pleasing smiles and obliging conversation of my friends, 
without the dread of any fatal interruption from the unwelcome 
intrusion of some surly committee man, or unfeeling officer 
of the Congress, with malice in his heart, vengeance in his 
face, and destruction in his hands. But I shall take occasion 
in my next day's journal to draw a more critical contrast 
between my present and former situation. But I cannot 
forbear reciting an incident in my own feelings and conduct, 
which plainly evinced that I had not yet banished New 
England from my remembrance. This afternoon, as I was 
sitting at Mr. Brown's, a number of people being persent, some 
person knocked at the door, upon which I started by an invol- 
untary impulse, and, suddenly springing out of my seat, 
hastened to the other side of the room. This v\^as attended 
with visible terror in my countenance, which excited the 
laughter of the company, for they had sagacity enough to 
discern the cause of my agitation and affright. Mrs. Brown 
exclaimed, 'Pray, sir, compose yourself, and recollect that 
here is no committee man approaching to disturb your tran- 
quillity.' After dinner, Mr. George Light and his brother came 
to Mrs. Callahan's, highly elevated with the novelty of the 
scenes and with the freedom and plenty which appeared in 
this town. They informed us that young Hoffman had the 
pleasure of finding his mother alive, who received her son with 
the warmest transj)ort of joy. She had near a twelvemonth 
before received intelligence of his death, and that he was 
killed fighting with the rebels at the famous battle of Bunker 
Hill. Upon which distressing intelligence she an'ayed herself 
in the habit of mourning, and sadly bewailed the untimely 
fate of her beloved child, and a circumstance which added to 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 165 

her extreme affliction remains to be recited. This John was 
the last survivor out of ten children, who had been born by a 
former husband. Such unexpected revolution of Providence 
in her favour must have fdled her with the tenderest effusions 
of rapture and exultation. In the afternoon, towards evening, 
I revisited Mr. Brown, but he being absent, I tarried and drank 
tea with his agreeable family. I perceived in the course of 
conversation at this hospitable mansion, that Mr. Nathaniel 
Gardiner, notwithstanding his impudent and foppish behaviour 
at Halifax, had not been guilty of so much fraud and breach 
of trust as we imagined. My friends, in particular, were cau- 
tious of trusting him with any great matters, especially as he 
was in danger of being plundered by the American pirates, how- 
ever honest and faithful he might be in the main. Mrs. Brown 
however sent us a pound of the best Hyson tea and some 
trifles, which were never delivered, except one pound of Bohea. 
I was now assured that the paper which Captain Callahan 
had brought to Halifax, giving the history of my famous trials 
before the committee, and the letters I had intrusted to the 
care of Gardiner had prepared me a way for a generous recep- 
tion. Several circumstances, it must be confessed, were a 
little unfavourable in the present prospect. Governor Arbuth- 
not, who greatly interested himself in my favour, was removed 
from the Province, and destined to command the Royal navy 
in America, and General Massy, who had imbibed the same 
favourable sentiments, was recalled, and General McLean 
appointed to succeed him. Never were two gentlemen of 
more different dispositions. The former was sociable, humane, 
generous and friendly, and exerted himself beyond measure to 
oblige and assist the refugees. But the other was opinionated 
and headstrong, insensible to every softer feeling, and under 
the pretence that Government was imposed upon, had ordered 
the rations to be taken away from two or three hundred 
persons, continuing them to only about twenty refugees. 

A gentleman who waited upon Mr. Arbuthnot when he had 
the perusal of my papers, stated that he could scarcely refrain 
from shedding tears, and he afterwards declared that he had it 
in view to procure my enlargement from bondage and persecu- 



166 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1779. 

tion, and just before his departure from Britain he expressed 
his concern that I was not yet arrived from New England. 
' If,' said he, ' the cruel treatment and severe persecution of 
the rebels should aflfect his life, there is nothing to be done, 
but should he survive their mahce and make his escape, I will 
certainly do something for his advantage.' 

The Secretary, Mr. Buckley, was extremely moved with the 
narrative, and offered to send me ten guineas, provided my 
friends could find any method of conveying them with safety, 
and this day, meeting Mr. Brown in the street, he caught hold 
of his hand, and repeated, with the highest emotions of pleas- 
ure, ' I heartily congratulate you on the fortunate escape of 
your friend from his wretched confinement, and you may de- 
pend upon my assistance to procure him any benefit in my 
power.' These incidents were very soothing, and tended to 
exhilarate my spirits after such a profusion of fatigue, depres- 
sion, and anxiety. It was, however, some abatement to my 
felicity when I found no British forces were yet arrived from 
England, either here or at New York. I had, notwithstand- 
ing, some pleasing expectations from the expedition to the 
eastern country, under the conduct of General McLean. I 
now understood that he had sailed with about eight hundred 
land forces, accompanied with six or seven armed vessels. His 
design was, if he met with a reinforcement from New York, 
to make a descent upon Falmouth, or otherwise to take pos- 
session at Penobscot. In the afternoon I was again in com- 
pany with the worthy Capt. Gay, who had something very 
singular and affecting in his story. This gentleman was son 
to Parson Gay, of Hingham, was captain of the militia in the 
rebellious town of Boston, and a deacon of Howard's meeting, 
but being a man of steady principles and unshaken virtue, was 
early disgusted with the proceedings of his countrymen. He 
took every convenient opportunity of discovering his senti- 
ments of loyalty, which rendered himself highly obnoxious to 
the malignant and furious faction in Boston. This obliged 
him to apply to the King's troops for protection, and having 
conveyed away his family, excepting his eldest son, to Hing- 
ham, he fled with General Howe and his forces to this Pro- 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 167 

vince, upon the evacuation of the above-mentioned town. 
Soon after his arrival he placed his son, a very promising 
youth, about seventeen, under the care of INIr. Allen, an emi- 
nent merchant in Halifax. Mr. Gay afterwards repaired to 
Cumberland, where he had some interest, upon business. 
During the absence of the affectionate father the son was per- 
suaded one day to go a gunning in company with a son of 
Mr. Allen, with whom he had contracted a most intimate ac- 
quaintance. After they had diverted themselves several hours 
they returned towards town, when, by some unfortunate acci- 
dent, Mr. Allen's gun went off and killed his friend Gay dead 
upon the spot. This melancholy and tragical affair threw the 
whole family into the deepest grief and consternation. Before 
these sorrowful emotions had subsided they despatched a mes- 
senger with the shocking intelligence to the unhappy father, 
\vho met the messenger on the road between Windsor and 
Halifax as he was returning from Cumberland. This alarm- 
ing and affecting information must have occasioned the most 
painful sensations in the bosom of the bereaved parent, but 
he sustained all the afflictions which Providence was pleased 
to pour upon him with surprising firmness, resignation, and 
silent composure. We had in company this afternoon another 
refugee, one Mr. Atkins, formerly a merchant in Boston, and 
afterwards a Custom House ollicer at Newbury. He had suf- 
fered almost every species of indignity, was frequently seized 
by the hand of lawless power, kept under confinement, and 
threatened with destruction, till he was fortunate enough, about 
eleven months ago, to enlarge himself from their clutches. He 
fled along the eastern shore, and arrived at this asylum by the 
way of Machias. Towards night, having my head confused 
with a variety of objects and entertainments of various kinds, 
I repaired to Mrs. Callahan's, where we passed away the eve- 
ning in conversation, and related to each other our several 
adventures since our parting last year at Kennebeck. Mrs. 
Callahan informed us, that having embarked from Kennebeck 
with one Cermine, a Scotchman, in a little schooner of about 
ten or twelve tons, they put out to sea, and after coasting 
along the eastern shore for several days, at length crossed the 



168 FRONTIEIl missionary; OR, [1779. 

Bay of Fiindy in a thick fog. It was with extreme difficulty 
they made Annapolis Gut, where she was fortunate enough to 
meet her husband, then commander of the Gage, and after 
tarrying at Annapolis some time she went 'round to Halifax 
by water, where she arrived about six weeks after she left 
Kennebeck, and has since been settled in tranquillity, and able 
to live in a comfortable manner without any molestation from 
rebel committees. She then gave me a short history of her 
husband's fortune from the time he left his own habitation at 
Pownalborough. 

June 22(L This morning, after breakfast, received another 
visit from the good Doctor, who informed me that he had pro- 
vided us with an habitation, and desired me to attend him in 
order to view it. Pleased with this agreeable intelligence I 
immediately complied with his requisition. In our way we 
happened to meet with Dr. Prince, a refugee from Salem, a 
gentleman who had acquired in the space of five years a large 
fortune by merchandise. To this countryman of mine the 
Doctor introduced me, and, having acquainted him with my 
necessitous circumstances, the other generously gave me eight 
dollars. 

The house which the Doctor had procured belonged to Mr. 
Justice Wenman, keeper of the Orphan House, and stood 
on the east side of Pleasant Street, which runs straight 
from the Grand Parade, near the Church, to the water, and is 
almost a mile in length. This is the most elegant street in 
the town, and is much frequented by gentlemen and ladies for 
an evening walk in fine weather. After tea we perceive one 
gay company after another, in perpetual succession, dressed in 
their finest apparel, which affords a fine and cheerful appear- 
ance. At the gate we have an extensive prospect of the har- 
bour and the adjacent ocean, which is closed by the southern 
horizon, and can discover every sail coming from the westward 
the moment it proceeds 'round Jebucto Head. To the north- 
ward the street extends adorned with the grand Provo, Assem- 
bly House, Church, and private buildings to a vast distance, 
and is limited by a cross street, three-quarters of a mile from 
hence. To the west arise beautiful ranges of green fields, in- 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 169 

terspersed with several remarkable structures, as Fort Massy, 
the Governor's summer house, the Work House ; and beyond 
these the Citadel Hill, with all its fortifications and warlike ap- 
paratus, towers aloft in majestic grandeur, and overlooks both 
the town and the adjacent country. We enter through a spa- 
cious gate into a decent yard, with an avenue to the house, 
bounded on each side by a little grove of English hawthorns, 
in this season in all their blooming glory. The house consist- 
ed of a convenient kitchen, a tight cellar, a chamber, and an 
elegant parlour, papered and containing two closets. Before 
the door was a little porch with a seat. From the two eastern 
windows we had a most charming prospect of Mr. Wenman's 
garden, in which were planted such a [)rofusion of willows, 
hawthorns, and fruit trees of various kinds, that they formed a 
perfect wilderness, extremely pleasant to the sight and grateful 
to the smell. And, indeed, when we looked out of these 
windows we rather fancied ourselves in the midst of a woody 
country, than in the heart of a populous town. Dr. Breynton 
introduced me to Mr. Wenman, who, like a true Englishman, 
gave me a hearty welcome. I found him a large, robust man, 
near seventy years of age, with scarce a wrinkle in his face; 
but he assured me that notwithstanding he appeared with such 
a llorid, strong, and healthy constitution, he had been above 
twenty years alllicted with a complication of disorders, such 
as the gout, gravel, and stone, besides a troublesome cough, 
which seized him on a sudden, and continued with such vio- 
lence that it fre(juently deprived him of strength. The people 
being gone to fetch our triiles from on board the schooner, I 
tarried with Mr. W^enman till their arrival. 1 quickly discov- 
ered him to be an enemy to the American rebellion, and after 
cursing most heartily the leaders, he proceeded to inform me 
that this IMetropolis contained a multitude of persons disaf- 
fected to government, for which reason he seldom went abroad, 
and that upon such occasions he never visited but two families. 
He appeared to be a rough, open, and honest Englishman, 
generous ; friendly, and humane, where he imagines an object 
deserving, but those who are artful, designing, or conceited, 
can look for no more than bare justice from him, and that they 
22 



170 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1779. 

may expect to receive with the most exact punctuality. When 
he conveys a favour the matter is done without any ceremony, 
and, if you attempt to return any comphments or acknowledge- 
ments, he would rather appear to be offended, and declare, with 
a bluntness peculiar to himself, ' I have not done this trifle out 
of any particular regard to yourself, for I should have shown 
the same, or perhaps a greater favour, to any other person in 
the same circumstances.' He assured me that when any 
person had offended him he never forgave him, for, though he 
scorned to take any revenge, or to offer him the least injury, 
yet he immediately broke off all connection with him, and 
never trusted him afterwards. But notwithstanding this de- 
claration, I am certain that he might easily be reconciled when 
the offending person had not been guilty of baseness and 
treachery in his conduct. Whilst we continued engaged in 
this conversation he made several shrewd remarks upon the 
behaviour of my countrymen, who formerly used the Halifax 
trade. Some he acknowledged to be remarkably honest and 
fair traders as ever he met with in the compass of his acquaint- 
ance, but in general he found them to be the profoundest hyp- 
ocrites in nature, and the cunningest knaves upon earth; for 
though men advanced in life were averse to swearing, and 
would pucker up their mouths, and roll their eyes towards 
Heaven at the mention of an oath, yet they would not scruple 
to lie, and deliberately appeal to the Almighty in confirmation 
of a falsehood. He likewise added that he had been acquaint- 
ed with several young fellows from Boston government, who 
upon their first arrival at Halifax would not utter a profane 
oath, or execration, upon the most powerful excitement or pro- 
vocation, but only when highly exasperated exclaim, ' I vow 
you are a serpently devil, a'mosti' And yet in a few weeks 
these very conscientious travellers would disengage themselves 
from all the restraints of education, and exceed the most aban- 
doned sailors in bold and daring impiety. They would both 
take the Sacred Name in vain, and practice the most horrid 
curses, and even make a public scoff and ridicule of all religion. 
When the old gentleman had entertained me with two or three 
of his long-winded stories, I was diverted from any longer 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 171 

attendance by the arrival of our people, and having conveyed 
our treasure, consisting of two ancient feather beds, — through 
the weather-beaten crevices of which the down issued in great 
abundance, — one patched quilt, containing a greater variety 
of colours than the rainbow ; half of a very elderly rug, worn 
to the quick, and half a pair of siieets, and a small chest con- 
taining the remnants of poverty, viz.: one silk gown, five bat- 
tered knives and forks, the same " 

The remainder of the Journal is missing. 



172 FRONTIER MISSIONARY ; OR, [1779. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

The paper of the earliest date after the termination of the 
Journal, which has come into the hands of the writer of this 
Memoir, is the following: — 

TO MR. JOHN CARLETON, AT W^OOLWICH, N. E. 

Halifax, June 25, 1779, * * " The General Assembly of 
the Province have given me two hundred dollars, (not square 
ones,)* and I have received in private presents nearly three 
hundred more. The lady of Col. Phips,f upon my recom- 
mendation, desires that if the King's forces should arrive in 
your neighbourhood, you would be kind enough to point out 
her farm, and to suggest some method to preserve the cattle 
and buildings from destruction." 

Gen. McLean commanded an expedition which had sailed 
from Halifax that summer and landed at Major-biguyduce, now 
Castine, which place was fortified by the English forces. To 
this officer Mr. Bailey addressed a letter from Halifax, July 
10th, 1779. The object was to furnish a list of loyalists in 
and near Kennebeck, known or believed to be such by the 
writer. If Mr. Bailey was correct, the friends of the British 
government, in that region, were more numerous than has 
generally been supposed. He gives the names of twenty-seven 
residing in Bristol and Broad Bay,| and classes with them "all 
the Dutch families in Broad Bay, except ten or twelve families," 
eighteen in Woolwich, thirty-two in Georgetown, fifty-three 



* " liesolved. That His Honor, the Lieutenant Governor, be requested to grant a 
Warrant to Rev. Mr. Bailey of £50, to be paid out of the moneys arising from the 
duties on Import and Excise, for his present Relief. 

Ordered, That this Resolution be sent to His Majesty's Council for concurrence." 
— Journal of the House of Asscmhhj of Nova Scotia, June 23d, 1779; p. 18. 

f See t^abhie's American Loyalists — Phips, David, p. 539. 

JNow Waldoborough. 



17.79.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 173 

in Pownalboro', and twenty-two in the towns of St. Georges, 
Bowdoinham, Hallowell, Topsham and Winthrop. In writ- 
ing to the Venerable Society under date of July 4th, 1779, 
Mr. Bailey says : " Sixteen of my hearers are now in the King's 
service, and the remainder, except one or two families, are 
distinguished for their loyalty." 

Attached to the British forces which held Major-biguyduce 
was Dr. John Calf, who had married the daughter of Rev. 
Jedediah Jewett, of Rowley, Mr. Bailey's early and kind 
patron. Mr. Bailey wrote to him from Halifax. He says: 
"Being informed that you possess a department in the garrison 
which gives you considerable induence, I have made this 
attempt to solicit your interest in case a chaplain should be 
appointed. I am the rather induced to make this application 
because your station is within the limits of my Mission, and 
from a tender regard to multitudes of loyal subjects within 
the county of Lincoln, who are both my friends and parish- 
ioners." 

During this summer Mr. Bailey received invitations from 
two different parishes to become their minister. He thus 
writes to his brother at Pownalboro': — 

" Halifax, Sept. Glh, 1779. I have made an excursion into 
the country, and travelled through all the fine settlements on 
the Basin of Minas, and never beheld finer farms than at 
Windsor, Falmouth, Hortoii and Cornwallis. The latter is 
the place where the Neutral French had formerly their principal 
habitation. I have dined upon the very spot where Charles* 
Le Blanc formerly lived. Two hundred families are settled in 
this place, and I am invited to ofiiciate among them this 
winter, and believe I shall accept their offer till I can return to 
Kennebeck in safety. They have agreed to furnish me with 
an house and firing, to give me an horse worth ten guineas, 
to be at the expense of my removal, and to allow me a weekly 
contribution, besides presents, which will amount to more than 
seventy pounds sterling per year, if I reckon the prices at 



* This should be Rene Le Blanc, who was Public Notary for the Acadians. Vide 
Halliburton's Nova Scotia, I. p. 194. 



174 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1779. 

Halifax. But notwithstanding I have been treated with un- 
common kindness and respect, no consideration shall ever 
detain me from visiting my former friends and neighbours 
when the tyranny of Congress is overpast. I have likewise 
had an invitation to St. Johns and Cumberland. In the latter 
department I might be admitted Chaplain of the garrison, 
worth c£lSO per annum, but I cannot endure the thoughts of 
that remote situation, especially among a set of people disposed 
to revolt." 

This new field of Mr. Bailey's labours possessed a varied 
interest. Its natural scenery is described as extremely beauti- 
ful, while the fertility of its soil has given it the title of "the 
garden of Nova Scotia." Much of its history, too, can hardly 
fail to excite emotion. Here dwelt, only some few years before, 
a people who, in many respects, seem almost to have realized 
the Golden Age of the poets. Simple in their manners, and 
abundantly supplied, from their own labor, with everything 
which their few wants required, they sought little or no inter- 
course with the rest of the world, from which they were, 
in a great measure, isolated. 

But they inhabited a country that had frequently changed 
masters, and they were not gifted with that policy which 
would enable them to transfer their allegiance with the results 
of war, or the treaties of European Powers. Their attachment 
to their fatherland was strengthened by a community of reli- 
gion. Their manners and customs, the style of their dwellings 
and the fashion of their dress and ornaments, reminded the 
traveller of France, which had its representatives in many 
respects amid the evergreens, and on the dyked meadows of 
this part of Acadia. The English supposed, and perhaps 
justly, that the professed neutrality of these simple inhabitants 
had been violated by indirect assistance to the French, who 
attacked Chebucto and other places, and that at times they 
had joined with them and the Indians in their marauding 
expeditions. Hence it was determined to transport them to 
other places. And though perhaps this was managed with as 
much judgment and feeling as the case admitted, yet hundreds 
were taken from the old, familiar scenes of their nativity, and 



1779.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 175 

scattered through the other American colonies. Here they 
could not fail to experience the hatred which would be shown 
to persons suspected of any previous connection with the 
Indians, whose barbarous warfare had caused so much waste 
of blood and treasure in many places, and this antipathy 
would be sharpened by dislike to the religion of these poor 
exiles. Upon the departure of these unfortunate people, their 
houses and church were burned by the English, their domestic 
animals perished with hunger, and the dykes, which protected 
their fertile meadows from the sea, fell into decay. Five years 
after this event a licet of twenty-two transports, convoyed by 
an armed vessel of sixteen guns, landed emigrants from New 
England on the territory that had been occupied by the Neutral 
French. Two hundred persons from Connecticut settled at 
Cornwallis. Although, as before stated, the natural features 
of the country were beautiful, yet the ruin which had befallen 
the former inhabitants was distinctly visible, and could hardly 
fail to inspire melancholy emotions. 

Stockaded houses were erected, and a small detachment of 
soldiers were stationed at Cornwallis for the protection of the 
inhabitants against the Indians. The detachment was after- 
wards increased, and a regular military post was established 
with the properly fortified buildings. 

The greater part, if not all, who settled at Cornwallis were 
dissenters from the Church of England. But in three years 
after their arrival, a Missionary of the Venerable Society 
was appointed to the region in which that town was situated. 

In 1770, a small church was erected at Cornwallis by Col. 
Burbidge and Mr. Best, at their own expense.* 

Mr. Bailey arrived at his field of labour about Oct. 20th, 
1779. The winter that succeeded was one of anxiety and 
gloom. The community was very much divided in religious 
matters, the Church people were few, about twenty families, 
who of course were strangers to their new minister, and there 
were few to sympathize with him in his loyalty to the King. 



* Aiken's Sketch of the Church in the Provinces, p. 25. 



176 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1779. 

His expectations in the way of salary seem not to have been 
realized, for he writes to a friend : " My emoluments are small. 
I am allowed a little, inconvenient house and fire-wood, and 
get beside five or six shillings per week contribution for preach- 
ing. I have about ten or twelve scholars, which afford me 
about eight dollars per month. Every necessary of life is 
extremely dear in this place." 

Affliction also visited him. He vv^as informed of the death 
of his brother at Kennebec, who had been his Parish Clerk 
there, and also of that of Capt. Callahan, who, while acting 
as one of the King's Pilots, lost his life by shipwreck in 
Halifax harbor. This person had been one of his Church 
Wardens at Pownalboro'. Added to this was pecuniary dis- 
appointment. A mercantile friend in Halifax, to whom he 
had intrusted bills of exchange on London for £100 sterling, 
became bankrupt. Mr. Bailey, in writing to Rev. Samuel 
Peters, formerly of Hebron, Ct., but then in London, mentions 
the fact of this failure and says: "As I have been obliged to 
run in debt at Cornwallis for the necessaries of life, this affair 
throYv^s me into an uncomfortable situation." 

Mr. Bailey had sacrificed much more advantageous pros- 
pects to come to Cornwallis because he considered himself 
bound in honor to fulfil the engagements he had made with the 
parish in that town. He writes to Mr. Pochard at Kennebec: 
" About ten days after my arrival in Halifax, I received an 
invitation from some principal gentlemen to visit Cornwallis. 
I accordingly preached among them two Sundays in August, 
and, finding nothing more advantageous offer, I agreed to 
remove my family arid continue through the winter, but 
immediately after this engagement I was urged to tarry at 
Halifax, as an assistant to the worthy Dr. Breynton, for M'^hich 
I was olTered £70 sterling per year, besides a school worth an 
hundred more ; and what conduced to render this employment 
still more agreeable, I was assured, both by Dr. Breynton and 
the Church officers, that my performances were acceptable to 
that numerous congregation; and though my being preferred 
to several other clergymen was a little flattering to my vanity, 
yet I concluded to adhere to my engagements, and removed 



1780.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 177 

with my family about the middle of October to this distant 
retreat." 

During the summer of 1780 Mr. Bailey writes to his sister- 
in-law at Kennebec: " I have lately, without any solicitation 
on my part, been appointed deputy chaplain to the 84th 
Regiment, part of which keep a garrison at Annapolis.'' In 
a subsequent letter to a friend, he says: "Dr. Breynton is 
included in the appointment and performs the duty'' (in Hali- 
fax.) The following is an extract of a letter to the Society, 
P. G., dated Nov. 4th in this year. "I beg leave to inform the 
Venerable Society that I still continue at Cornwallis, and have 
officiated without being absent one Sunday since my arrival. 
I have had a decent and respectable, though not a large congre- 
gation. Their contributions towards my support are precarious, 
and all the articles of subsistence are so excessively extrava- 
gant that my emoluments will hardly support my family. The 
want of books is a misfortune I sensibly feel in my present 
situation, for I was constrained to leave my library behind 
when I escaped from New England, and being so remote from 
the metropolis I can receive no assistance from others.'' 

In December of the same year, Rev. Aaron Bancroft arrived. 
Mr. Bancroft was afterwards a Doctor of Divinity and Con- 
gregational minister at Worcester, Mass. At first Mr. Bailey 
was suspicious of him, as the Dissenters in Cornwallis are said 
by him to have sympathized in the American Revolution. 

Dr. Hicks, then residing in the West Indies, had formerly 
been in Mr. Bailey's neighborhood at Kennebec and become 
acquainted with the prominent persons there. The following 
extract of a letter to him dated Dec. 22d, 1780, refers to an 
individual well known in that part of the country. " I fancy 
you must have been acquainted with John Jones the surveyor 
of Kennebeck. After having almost exceeded the famous 
Roderick Random in adventures and escapes, he obtained a 
Captain's commission in Rogers' corps, and in several excur- 
sions from Penobscot he has performed wonders. Among 
other exploits he seized the tyrant Cushing at his own house, 
and conveyed him in a ridiculous dishabille to the British fort." 

The straitness of Mr. Bailey's circumstances at the com- 
23 



178 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1781. 

mencernent of 1781 may be inferred from a statement to his 
brother-in-law, Rev. Mr. Weeks: "The contest with regard to 
a school has terminated in my favour, and I have at present 
ten scholars, the number I was desirous of instructing, but 
nothing except necessity would have prevailed upon me to 
continue this laborious and perplexing employment." 

In March, 1781, a daughter was born to Mr. and Mrs. Bailey, 
who was christened Rebecca Lavina. 

The Rev. Dr. Caner, formerly Rector of King's Chapel, Bos- 
ton, Mass., left that place with the British troops who evacu- 
ated Boston in March, 177(3. In writing tp a correspondent 
in April, 1781, Mr. Bailey states, " by letters from London I 
am informed that Dr. Caner had retired with his young wife 
to Carditi^in Wales." 

Several letters are preserved from Rev. Samuel Peters, 
D. D., then residing in London, to the subject of this Me- 
moir. They are all of a singular character, like the writer. 
The following is an extract from one, dated London, Feb- 
ruary 8th, 1781. * * " What I am next to consider is 
how I can come at one or two of your sermons, that the public 
may share with the ingrates of Cornwallis what Sterne would 
read and devour with pleasure. * * I have heard much of 
your sermons as to style, sentiment, and composition, that they 
are exotics and originals. * * You will see the Farewell 
to Keunebeck,* but little diflerenced from the original, which 
was chiefly done to avoid some words less fashionable now 
than formerly, and to make even measure, as is the fashion 
now in ten feet verses. Many verses would have done honour 
to Young, or Pope, or Milton. The last verse was read aloud 
in a Coffee House, and drew sighs and tears from many sym- 
pathizing persons." Another correspondent in London writes, 
" I have not yet seen the lines you sent to Mr. Peters, who has 
made you figure in the Magazines by publishing them." 

In reply to the request of Dr. Peters, contained in the fore- 
going letter, Mr. Bailey writes: " In a former letter you men- 
tioned somewhat about sending you sermons, which, in con- 

* See Note K. 



1781.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 179 

junction with the desire of several frit^nds in these parts has 
induced me to transcribe a number and leave them with Mr. 
Thomas Brown, of Halifax, whic^h he may transmit, if he 
pleases. I am sensible that they have nothing to recommend 
them except their novelty. If they should be thought worthy 
of publication they will make a volume of the same size with 
Sterne's. You may affix what title you think proper. They 
were all, except the first two, delivered since the commence- 
ment of the rebellion. I had little choice in this collection, for 
I brought away only about a dozen in my precipitate flight." 
To Rev. William Clarke, formerly Rector of the Church in 
Dedham, Mass., but who was then residing in London, Mr. 
Bailey writes: " It would never have entered into my head to 
ofTer any of my sermons for publication had it not been for 
Mr. Peters. * « You will lind them upon singular subjects, 
chiefly levelled against the principles of rebt-llion. These were 
chosen from about a dozen which I accidentally brought away 
from New England. All the rest, of my sermons, books, &.c., 
were left behind. I cannot forbear reirmrking that the 5th and 
7th discourses were highly applauded l)y tlie Whigs, and that 
})arty, in consequence of what they tcnued my bold integrity, 
made me a present of two hundred and fifty dollars, but these 
were chiefly Southern Whigs. The 6th, however, gave great 
oflence at Falmouth to the rebellious party, who could endure 
no strictures upon revenge, perfidy, and baseness." To the 
letter to Dr. Peters, the Doctor thus replied: "London, Feb. 15, 
1782. I received your eight sermons with pleasure and read 
them. The cost of printing two hundred and lil'ty is .£12, in 
the size of Sterne. I intend to send you oiie of them printed 
the next opportunity." Whether these were ever published 
the writer of this Memoir has no means of knowing. 

A History of Connecticut, which has attracted much atten- 
tion, has generally been ascribed to Dr. Peters, entirely on 
internal evidence, as the Doctor never ackiu^wledged it. The 
letter just quoted contains the following : " Some assassin, last 
summer, published the History of Coimecticut in a lively and 
sarcastic style. It is said to be the only true and impartial 
history ever published about New England. We cannot find 



180 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1781. 

out the author, but Harrison Gray, and the Saints of Salem 
and Boston, like it not. They call it ' a cursed book.' Price 
6s., bound." 

The occupation by the British, in 1779, of the peninsula of 
Major-biguyduce, now called Castine, has been before spoken 
of. Here they erected a fortification to which they gave the 
name of Fort George. Many loyalists found their way thither, 
among them some of Mr. Bailey's friends in the eastern coun- 
try. A desire to be with them, and discontent with the place 
of his residence, induced him to think favorably of a removal 
thither. In several of his letters he mentions this wish of his, 
to which some of the residents at Fort George responded, as 
appears by a subscription paper drawn up this year for his 
support, and signed by fifteen persons. Among these names 
are Jere. Pote, Robert Pagan, Robert Pagan, Jr., and Thomas 
Wyer, formerly of Falmouth, now Portland. In a letter to 
the Society, P. G., Nov. 8, 1781, Mr. Bailey says : " I have 
had several applications from my friends at Penobscot for my 
removal thither, but, though that settlement has greatly in- 
creased, other gentlemen, upon whose friendship and judgment 
I can rely, advise me not to venture while matters remain in 
their present precarious situation.'' In two years after the 
j^lace was given up by the British. 

Events were in progress that led to his appointment as Mis- 
sionary at Annapolis. This place has been before spoken of, 
under its French name of Port Royal, as the residence of the 
adventurers from France in the years 1604 and 1605. During 
the century that followed, the basin that lies in its front bore 
on its bosom at various times hostile fleets, and the neighbor- 
ing hills echoed back the rattling of musketry and the report 
of cannon, used by those who attacked and those who defend- 
ed the important fortress which was there established. Mar- 
tial law alone prevailed for many long years. No Protestant 
minister had settled himself at this distant post, but Romish 
priests ministered to the garrison and the neighboring savages 
in thos(^ y<-^i'^5 when the French had jiossession of Port Royal. 
It was not till 1713 that Nova Scotia finally passed by treaty 
into the hands of the English, who, in honor to the reigning 



1781.] LIFE OF RET. JACOB BAILEY. 181 

sovereign, changed the name of Port Royal to Annapolis. The 
importance of its position, and its being the residence of the 
Governor of Nova Scotia, and of military officers of higii rank, 
made it the most noted place east of Boston, excepting Louis- 
burgh. It thus remained until 1750, when the seat of govern- 
ment was removed to the rapidly rising town of Halifax. 

The first English Missionary* at Annapolis was tiie Rev. 
Thomas "Wood, formerly of New Jersey, but who was trans- 
ferred from that Province to Halifax in 1756. In addition to 
the performance of the labors of his Mission he was enabled 
to visit Annapolis twice in 1762, and in the next year removed 
to that place. He became so familiar with the Micmac lan- 
guage as to form a grammar of it, and to officiate to the In- 
dians in their native tongue. In 1775 his people subscribed 
for the erection of a church sixty by forty feet. Three years 
after, Mr. Wood closed a laborious life among his attached 
people. The Rev. J. Wingate Weeks, formerly Missionary at 
Marbiehead, Mass., being in England in 1779, obtained the 
appointment of Missionary at Annapolis. Returning to Halifax 
in July of that year liis anxiety for his family, then at Marble- 
head, induced him soon after to embark for New York, to ar- 
range for their removal to Nova Scotia. Mr. Weeks did not 
reach Halifax till May in the following year, where he found 
his wife and children, who had, in fact, arrived there a few 
days after his departure from that place the previous autumn. 
He appears to have visited Annapolis for the first time in June, 
1780, and was there perhaps once more a few months after. 
In June of the following year he probably passed three or four 
weeks there, returning to Halifax, where his family resided. 
This neglect to reside at his Mission displeased the Venerable 
Society. In the latter part of the same summer Mr. Bailey 
received a letter from Rev. Mather Byles, D. D., dated Halifax, 
August 11th, 1781, of which the following is an extract : " I 
think it my duty, without any further delay, to send you the 

* But there was probably a chaplain to the garrison at this place, for in one of the 
returns of the expense of the establishment for one year previous to 1750, is found — 
" Chaplain Gs. per dUm, or £121 13s. ^d. per annum." — Halliburton, II., p. 198. See 
also Mr. Bailey's letter to Rev. Dr. Peters, October 31st, 1784. 



182 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1782. 

following extracts from a letter which I have received from Dr. 
Morice, dated Feb. 6, 1781. 

" ' I am to communicate to you the Resolution of the So- 
ciety, that Mr. Weeks go immediately to Annapolis, and if he 
should not, then either Dr. Byles or Mr. Bailey must take that 
Mission. The otier is first made to you.' 

" I have informed Mr. Weeks of the above Resolution. His 
reply was, that ' he should not remove to Annapolis at present; 
that the Mission was a matter of indifference to him ; and that 
I might go there if I pleased.' Accordingly the care of that 
Mission, if I chose to accept it, would now devolve upon me; 
but as I determine, for reasons which I shall communicate to 
the Society, to decline the charge, the design of this letter is 
formally to resign it in your favour. As the Society seem to 
have intrusted the conduct of this affair to me, and, I am very 
sensible will expect a speedy and decisive answer, 1 should 
be glad to know by the first opportunity whether the offer, 
which I look vipon myself as now authorized to make you, be 
agreeable, that I may transmit your reply to that venerable 
body." 

The answer to this, on the part of Mr. Bailey, was : " If Mr. 
Weeks declines going to Annapolis, and you are willing to 
resign your prior appointment in my favor, I shall cheerfully 
accept of the Mission." In October, Rev. J. W. Weeks visited 
Annapolis, it being his second visit this year, and in November 
he wrote a letter to Mr. Bailey, disapproving of his views with 
reference to that place. In the spring of the next year the fol- 
lowing letter reached Mr. Bailey : — 

" Hatton Garden, Jan'y 29, 1782. 
" Rev. Sir : — Your two letters of the 9th November last 
have been duly received, and were laid before the Society at 
their meeting on the 25th instant, when the affair of Mr. 
Weeks being taken into full consideration the Society came 
to the following determination : Resolved, that as Mr. Weeks 
refuses to reside upon the Mission of Annapolis, the Rev. Mr. 
Bailey be appointed in his room. You will therefore consider 
yourself henceforward as Missionary to that place, whither you 



1782.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 183 

will, with all due speed, repair: and after what has passed re- 
specting Mr. Weeks there is little occasion for me to observe 
that the Society expect that you will constantly reside there. 
The people of Granville are to be considered as part of the 
Mission. * # * Your salary from the Society is the same as 
it now stands, X50 stlg., but you will receive <£70 stlg. from 
the Government, which, I believe, is paid in Nova Scotia. I 
should hope that the Chaplainship of the Garrison will be 
given to you also, as Mr. Weeks can now have no claims to 
it. All I have further to add on this subject is my hearty 
prayer for all success in your Ministry, and every degree of 
prosperity to you and your large family, who, I hope, will re- 
ceive comfort in that situation, which Mr. Weeks, by multi- 
plying his lucrative employments, seems to have despised. 
# * * « # * ■ 

« I am, Rev'd Sir, 

Your affectionate brother, 
and very humble servant, 

WM. MORICE, Secretary^ 

In writing to a friend shortly after the receipt of the forego- 
ing letter, Mr. Bailey says: "I am sorry to find Mr. Weeks 
wholly excluded from the Society's service. I am informed 
that he is offended with me, though, I can truly affirm, the 
appointment was not of my seeking, and even when Dr. 
Morice informed me last fall that I was to succeed in case Mr. 
Weeks and Dr. Byles should refuse, I signified, in my reply, 
that I should prefer Penobscot, could I remove thither with 
safety, and the Secretary, in his last letter, assures me that Mr. 
Weeks was dismissed for non-residence, and for despising the 
Society's favour." 

Mr. Bailey makes the following statement of the amount of 
his income when at Cornwallis : # During which time I had 
no emoluments except fifty pounds from the Society, a deputy 
Chaplainship for half a year, and the contributions of a few 
people at Cornwallis." 

The following letter, dated August 5th, 1782, though of 
some length, seems to be worthy of insertion, here : — 



184 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1782. 



" To . 

" Dear Sir: — In pursuance of my engagements I now ap- 
ply myself to furnish you with some account of my late move- 
ments and adventures. I believe you have already received 
information that before my departure from Cornwallis I was 
invited to officiate in the Meeting House. In consequence of 
this invitation I read prayers and delivered two sermons to a 
more numerous assembly than I had ever seen in this Province. 
Most of the inhabitants of every denomination attended, gave 
serious attention, behaved with decency, favoured me with a 
very handsome collection, and seemed to relish my farewell 
discourse. But modesty must prevent my enlarging here, even 
to a friend. 

We proposed to advance towards Annapolis on Tuesday, 
the 24th of July, but an excessive rain on Monday hindered 
our preparations, so that our departure was delayed till 
Wednesday morning, when we observed the following order: 
a cart, with two yoke of oxen, containing all our worldly 
possessions, began the procession, guarded by a couple of 
sprightly young fellows, who offered their services; a vehicle 
for the reception of Mrs. Bailey and her children drawn by 
two horses next appeared under the conduct of honest John.* 
Mrs. Burbidge, in her chaise, with the above-mentioned 
persons, set off about seven, accompanied with near thirty 
people, of both sexes, on horseback, who attended us with 
cheerful solemnity to the distance of fourteen miles on our 
journey. About eleven we arrived at Marshall's, and with 
much difficulty provided an early dinner for our large company. 
At one we parted with our friends. Upon this occasion the 
scenes were affecting; mutual effusions of sorrow were dis- 
played, and our hearts were agitated with tender emotions. 
Once [ imagined it impossible to abandon Cornwallis with 
such painful regret, and cc»iceived that we could bid the inhabi- 
tants adieu without a single tear of sensibility on either side, 
but I found myself mistaken. Justice and gratitude compel 



* John McNamarra. 



1782.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 185 

me to entertain a more favourable opinion of these people 
than formerly, and their conduct has appeared in a much more 
amiable light at the conclusion than at the beginning of our 
connection. Most of my hearers, and several of other denomi- 
nations, made us presents before our migration, and we were 
at no expense for horses and carriages. The distressing cere- 
mony of parting being over, Mrs. Bailey was seated with her 
little ones in the above-mentioned machine, over which was 
stretched a covering of canvas, as a defence both from the 
vivid rays of the sun and the rain of heaven. We now 
entered a wilderness of vast extent, without a single human 
habitation for the space of eleven miles, the roads extremely 
rough, sheltered with tall forests, encumbered with rocks and 
deformed with deep sloughs; and, to render the scene still 
more disconsolate and dismal, the winds howled among the 
trees, thick volumes of clouds rolled from the western hemis- 
phere, and the rumble of thunder announced the horrors of 
an approaching tempest. We had still in company six persons 
besides our own family, two of whom pushed forward with 
Betsy Nye and reached a publick house before the rain. Mr. 
Starr and your humble servant left the carriages at the distance 
of four miles from the dwelling of one Potter, lately removed 
from Cornvv'allis, at which we arrived a little after sunset, just 
as the heavy shower was beginning to descend. The sudden 
darkness- of the evening, with the danger of oversetting, gave 
us very uneasy apprehensions; at length Mrs. Bailey and the 
children appeared, as did some time after the conductors of 
the team thoroughly wet to the skin. We were crowded, 
eight in number besides the family, into a room about sixteen 
feet square, which proved a miserable shelter against the most 
impetuous rain I ever knew in this Province. The house 
leaked so intolerably that I was wet to the skin at the tea- 
table; we however placed bear skins in such a manner as to 
preserve a good feather bed from the water, into which we 
tumbled about midnight, but the incredible swarms of musqui- 
tos and sand flies, and the intolerable heat, both of the weather 
and a large fire, prevented us from sleeping. The next morning 
we arose before the sun, and during breakfast were tormented 
24 



186 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1782. 

by our unwelcome companions of the preceding night. The 
weather was remarkably close and muggy, the heavens over- 
spread with heavy clouds, the mountains and rivers covered 
Avith stagnant fogs, and all the surrounding scenes of nature 
presaged tempest and thunder. Having prepared our cattle 
and horses, about five we began to move forward. At the 
distance of a mile from our lodgings I was invited to a chris- 
tening, while the carriages proceeded. After the performance 
of this exercise I took my leave of Mr. Starr, and rode over 
the sandy, barren plains about two miles, till I overtook our 
company. By this time the western hemisphere presented an 
awful front of blackness, and solemn peals of thunder rolled 
along the gloomy arch. In a few moments, the north-west 
wind began to muster his forces and impelled the enormous 
shower to approach with frightful rapidity. Both earth and 
heaven were instantly involved in clouds and darkness, inter- 
rupted with flashes of lightning. 

We were fortunate enough to reach a couple of cottages, 
the only habitations within the extent of four or five miles, 
just as the torrents were beginning to descend. Mrs. Bailey 
with her children and part of the company took shelter in one, 
while myself and the remainder gained possession of the 
other. J^ will be needless to describe the progress of the 
tempest, to picture the furious driving of the rain, or to present 
to your imagination the accumulated streams, pouring down 
the hills and smoking along the valleys with impetuous roar. 
I found no person in the house except the basket maker's 
daughter, lately arrived from Black Hall. A prettier face I 
had never beheld in the Province, and her behaviour, notwith- 
standing the homeliness of her apparel, was sufficient to 
prejudice a connoisseur in her favour. Having purchased of 
the rural beauty baskets to the amount of a dollar, and the 
stoi'ni beginning to abate, we quickly remounted and pushed 
forward with as much alacrity as possible, the roads swimming 
in water, the fragments of clouds dropping upon us. The 
'sun at length breaking out with increasing splendour, the 
company upon single horses'agreed to push for the next stage 
at the distance of eight miles. On this occasion Betsy Nye, 



1782.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 187 

who had the preceding day lost her cloalc, returned a borrowed 
surtout. But we had no sooner entered the vast plains to the 
westward of Black Hall, the only human residence between 
the place of our departure and Crockers, when the face of 
heaven began again to scowl and wear a threatening aspect, 
and now the waters burst in continued and impetuous showers 
from the clouds. For five miles together we were attended by 
these descending floods, till we were completely soaked through 
our garments to the skin. Poor Betsy on this occasion was 
an object both of laughter and compassion, her hat hanging 
over each ear, the water streaming from her disheveled hair, 
and her clothes clinging to her lean, lanky carcass, exhibited a 
picture dismally romantic, and, if I may be allowed to assume 
the vulgar dialect, she resembled a drowned rat. About ten 
we arrived in this woful pickle at Crocker's, where we dried 
our clothes with the assistance of a large fire. I suffered great 
aifxiety on account of Mrs. Bailey and the children, who did 
not appear till after twelve, but they had found means to defend 
themselves with blankets from the violence of the weather. 
We presently discovered that Mrs. Crocker was a right notable 
woman, and, as she claimed some distant cousinship with me, 
she was very attentive and bustling to accommodate us. 
After a sociable dinner we parted with two more of our 
Ct)rnwallikin attendants, and the weather being fine and 
l)leasant, proceeded on our journey. 

At the distance of a mile we passed by a very elegant plan- 
tation, which suddenly rose upon us amidst the barren wilds. 
A commodious dwelling stood on the northern side of the 
road furnished with extensive fields, on the south was a large 
orchard upon a gentle declivity, sloping towards Annapolis 
river, which winded in a slow current through beautiful 
meadows, forming a pretty, romantic island on the western 
limits of the jjrospect. Beyond the river through avenues 
which opened among groves of tall trees we discovered several 
habitations with adjacent farms. The excessive rains had 
swollen every inconsiderable stream almost to the magnitude 
of a river, but such was the nature of the soil that the roads 
became dry the moment the sun recovered its wonted splendour. 



188 FRONTIER missionary; o'r, [1782. 

"We jogged on this afternoon about ten miles without any 
accident worth recording, when we met a couple of gentlemen 
on horseback. The eldest appeared between forty-five and 
fifty, and immediately accosted us with the most solemn 
formality in the following words : 'Pray inform me whether 
the Reverend Mr. Bailey, the Society's Missionary for Annapolis 
and Granville, is in this company?' This address was deliv- 
ered in a slow, moderate and calm tone of voice, and when 
he received a rej)ly in the affirmative, he lifted his hat with 
great deliberation from his head, and bowed with the most 
inflexible gravity. I take notice of our first introduction to 
the presence of this gentleman, who is in many respects a 
singular and romantic character, because I shall have frequent 
occasion to mention him in my future communications. I 
have particular reasons for concealing his name at present, 
and shall only remark that he is a New England man, a sturdy 
loyalist, and a recent convert to the Church. We were soon 
overtaken by Mr. Peter Pineo, who invited us to his habitation, 
eighteen miles distant from Annapolis, where we all arrived 
in good spirits, though not a little fatigued with our journey, 
for we had travelled, with all our baggage, fifty-four miles in 
two days. We found Mr. Pineo very friendly and obliging, 
and however he may be esteemed vain, conceited and self- 
important, yet these shades in his character are without any 
mixtures of ill nature, insolence, or severity, but rather tinctured 
with benevolence; and his disposition to exalt himself is 
distinguished by acts of generosity and the most hospitable 
exertions. The next morning we dismissed our carriages and 
parted with the remainder of our Cornwallis friends, determin- 
ing to repose a little till some means of further conveyance 
should offer. Mr. Pineo sent an invitation to Mr. Morse, the 
dissenting teacher of Granville, who attended with his lady at 
dinner, and at the same time Mr. Formality made his appear- 
ance with a request to accompany him about five miles to his 
dwelling. After a serious consultation it was agreed that I 
should oliiciate the next Sunday at the meeting-house, and 
upon other occasions when I found myself disposed to perform 
service at Granville. 



1782.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 189 

An epicure might amuse -you with an account of the splen- 
did entertainment provided upon this occasion, but it is 
sutiicient to observe that our repast was highly elegant and 
luxurious. As the new convert to Episcopacty and Mr. Morse 
were of course at bitter enmity, and as the latter is not very 
remarkable for wisdom or prudence, we had some diHiculty 
to divert them from disagreeable altercations. But whatever 
deficiencies a coimoisseur might discover in the disposition 
and conduct of the Parson, I am certain tiiat every one must 
admire the good sense, modesty and discretion of his wife, 
especially as she has encountered misfortunes sufficient to 
embitter her temper and to render her ghiomy and unsociable. 
The next morning, it being the fourth day of our journey, my 
new friend attended us with a team and several horses to 
convey both our persons and baggage to his habitation. The 
moment we had prepared for our departure it began to rain 
impetuously, and continued without intermission till six in the 
afternoon, when a favourable appearance of fair weather 
enticed us abroad, but we had not proceeded a mile before the 
clouds began to discharge their liquid treasures. However, 

after wading through water and mire we arrived at Mr. 's 

habitation about dark, wet, fatigued and chilly. His wife, 
sister to an intimate acquaintance of mine in New England, 
received us like a silent, kind-hearted country-woman, and 
with her daughters, gave us all the friendly assistance in her 
power, while the husband, standing upright in the middle of 
the room, straight as the june tree of Kennebeck, welcomed 
us to his apartments in a set and ceremonious speech, delivered 
with his usual gravity and deliberation. 

It was Saturday evening, about nine, when we disposed of 
ourselves in the habitation of Mr. Formality. After tea and 
prayers we were conducted into the best apartment for repose, 
and when the fifth morning of our migration began to stain 
the summits of the mountains we arose, and conducted as 
most other people usually do on such occasions. When the 
time of Divine Service arrived we attended. The meeting- 
house was commodious, and the congregation as large as could 
be expected upon so little notice. The Parson and his Dea- 



190 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1782. 

cons were among my hearers, and we had several New Lights 
to grace the audience. The remainder of the day was spent 
in agreeable conversation and in laying the plans of our future 
operations. On the sixth day we took a breakfast with Mr. 
"William Clark, one of my Methodistical parishioners, and 
having procured horses began to prepare for the remainder of 
our journey, being now about fourteen miles from the town of 
Annapolis. With considerable fatigue, some danger, and a 
profusion of mud we crossed the river and landed in a beauti- 
ful meadow covered with tall grass and bounded with a rich 
woodland pasture. 

We passed through an agreeable variety of rural scenes 
above half a mile, till we occupied the county road. About 
eleven o'clock we arrived at the dwelling of my old friend, Mr. 
Bass, brother to Parson Bass, of Newbury. Here we met with 
a cordial reception, and had a very good dinner in the primitive 
style. 

Figure to yourself a New England farmer twenty years ago, 
about ten miles distant from Boston, able with his own industry 
to make a comfortable living, besides discharging his tax-bill, 
paying the midwife, and providing a plentiful and greasy 
dinner on Thanksgiving sufficient to feast an hundred plough- 
men. Produce such a person to your imagination, and you 
will obtain an idea of Mr. Bass, with this exception, that he 
exceeds any one you ever saw of the above description, in 
loyalty and inflexible honesty, mingled with a portion of 
seemingly accidental wit, which he scatters abroad in his 
conversation. I had forgot to inform the gentle reader that 
the ceremonious gentleman waited upon us with great formality 
to the royal city. When we departed from the hospitable 
mansion of Mr. Bass this was the form of our procession: our 
attendant moved forward, pointing out the way, then your 
humble servant and his little son, while Madam, John and 
Becky mounted upon the back of another horse, conducted 
the rear. We halted in our march at the house of one Mr. 
Sanders, about five miles from town ; the man, a strict Church- 
man, and a great friend to Government. His farm lies upon 
the declivity of the Southern Mountains, and from his door 



1782.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 191 

you command a very grand and extensive prospect. One 
hour and a {[narter more concluded our tedious journey. It 
was not till after four of the clock, in a cool and most delight- 
ful day, when, having passed through a gloomy wood, Ave 
suddenly opened upon an extensive plain overspread with the 
richest verdure, ornamented with little groves, and beautified 
with bunches of wild roses, which scattered their delicious 
fragrance through the air. After crossing this plain the 
remainder of our progress for the space of a mile was an easy 
descent towards the north-west, both sides of the road being 
adorned with little fields, gardens and orchards. Upon an 
obtuse point of land formed by the bending of the river, the 
town appeared, rising amidst a forest of fruit trees, while the 
lofty mountains of Granville terminated the direct view." 

In a few weeks after this removal, a son of Capt. Mowatt,* 
who had commanded one of the vessels of the British navy, 
arrived at Annapolis, being sent to Mr. Bailey to be educated. 

By a comparison of dates it would appear that Mr. Bailey 
arrived at Annapolis August 1st, 1782. 

The following is a copy of the first letter which he wrote to 
the Society after his arrival in this place: — 

» Annapolis, Oct. 14, 1782. 
" To till' Secretary of the 

'• Society for Propag-oting- t/ie Gospel, t^c. 
"Ri:v. Sir: — Permit me, by your assistance, to present the 
following representations to the Venerable Society. About 
three months ago I removed with my family from Cornwallis, 
and after a tedious journey of five days arrived at Annapolis. 
Gratitude obliges me to announce the kind and friendly treat- 
ment I received from the inhabitants of Cornwallis during the 
latter part of my residence there. They not only expressed 
the highest regret at parting, but gave convincing evidence of 
their affection and esteem. My reception both here and at 
Granville fully answered my expectations, but the principal 
persons among my hearers conceive it not to be prudent to 

* See Note L. 



192 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1782. 

urge a subscription at present, and it is universally agreed that 
the Mission has abundantly suffered for want of a resident min- 
ister. It is undoubtedly owing to this that enthusiasm, and if 
possible principles of a more pernicious naiure have made such 
a progress in these parts. I have the satisfaction however to 
observe that the New England Independents are much better 
disposed towards the Church here than at Cornwallis. In 
confirmation of this I would beg leave to mention that yester- 
day I officiated in a meeting-house at thirteen miles distance 
from the town, at the united request of the proprietors, who are 
all Dissenters, and both these and the Presbyterians of Granville 
occasionally attend our services, though they have preachers 
of their own. The little town of Annapolis contains one 
hundred and twenty persons, all except four or five of the 
Church of England. Several other families of the same 
persuasion reside in the neighbourhood, besides a considerable 
plumber of French Roman Catholics. Granville, it is computed, 
has above forty families of our communion. To prevent any 
disagreeable altercation with my brethren at Halifax, who had 
unjustly taken oflence at my appointment, Col. Burbidge, a 
man of an exemplary character and of prime influence in this 
Province, waited u|)on the Governor, with the assistance of 
my worthy friend Dr. Byles, and demanded for me the Chap- 
lainship of this garrison, but Sir Andrew refused, allegingthat 
Mr. Weeks, the instant he knew of my appointment, applied 
to him and obtained it. I was however encouraged by the 
above gentlemen to make a direct application by letter to the 
Secretary, who seems disposed to befriend me. But the arrival 
of Governor Parr, before my letters could reach Halifax, must 
again defeat my endeavors, as Mr. Weeks is upon the spot to 
renew his solicitations, an advantage which clergymen who 
reside in the Metropolis must always have over their brethren 
who live' at the distance of one hundred and fifty miles. 
Annapolis is an agreeable situation, but I am certain that I 
cannot procure the necessaries of life for my family, especially 
while the war continues, unless I can be indulged with the 
Chaplainship of the garrison. The articles of house rent, 
firing and bread, amount to above .£70, and though I had 



1782.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 193 

during part of my continuance at Cornwallis the Deputy Chap- 
lainship of a regiment, and three rations of provisions, of 
which I was de[)rived last May, yet the expenses of my 
removal have encroaciied upon my salary. In a w^ord, the 
importance of the Mission and thet temper of the people are 
such that it is requisite that the minister should be able to 
support himself with decency and to practice hospitality. 
Suffer me to solicit the influence of the Society in this matter, 
and it may be urged in my favour that a number of soldiers 
are sent to reside in the garrison, which must of necessity 
aflord some additional duty. I w^ould likewise acquaint the 
Society that the school at Annapolis has been supplied for a 
year past by Mr. Benjamin Snow, who received his education 
at Dartmouth College, and who was expelled from New 
England for his loyalty. This gentleman may l)e recommeiidcd 
for his learning, sobriety and good morals, to the Society's 
favour. He gives universal satisfaction to the people and is 
greatly beloved by the children, whom, with my assistance, he 
catechises three times a week. We humbly request that the 
Society would admit him for their schoolmaster and allow 
him to draw for the usual salary. I would beg leave further 
to state that either there never was any library given to this 
Mission, or the heirs of Dr. Wood have disposed of the books. 
If the Society can favour me with some, and send a number 
of Prayer Books, and pious tracts to distribute among the 
young people, it will much oblige me." 

A few days after the above letter was written, there arrived 
at Annapolis, from New York, nine transports, convoyed by 
two men-of-war. These transports contained five hundred 
refugees, persons of both sexes and all ages, sent by the 
British Government into Nova Scotia. Mr. Bailey says, in a 
letter in which he speaks of these individuals: "Every habita- 
tion is crowded, and many are unable to procure any lodgings. 
Many of these distressed people left large possessions in the 
rebellious colonies, and their suffering on account of their 
loyalty, and their present uncertain and destitute condition, 
render them very affecting objects of compassion." He says, 
in another letter: " INIany of them are people of fashion from 
25 



194 FRONTIER missionary; or, [17<S3. 

every Province on the continent, except Georgia." Mr. Bailey 
says, under date of Oct. 27th: " I have been busy in making 
a refugee sermon. I delivered this discourse from Psalm cvii. 
2d and 3d verses, to a very respectable audience. Even the 
Whigs were not unmoved at the represeni,ations of our 
distresses." 

The following is Mr. Bailey's first report to the Venerable 
Society of the condition of his parish in the spring of 
1783:— 

» AnxNapolis, April 30th, 1783. 
" To Rev. Wm. Morice, ifc. i^-c. 

" Rev'd Sir: — After presenting my hearty thanks in the 
most respectful manner to the Venerable Society, I would beg 
leave to inform them that since my last I have baptized twen- 
ty-five persons, buried ten, and married five couples. I admin- 
istered the Sacrament on Christmas and Easter, but as the 
weather on both days was extremely unpropitious for travel- 
ling, I had only twelve communicants. We have a Church 
at Annapolis sixty feet long and forty broad, with a steeple 
and bell, but as the outside only is finished we cannot yet 
meet in it. However, it is no longer exposed to be destroyed 
by the enemy. I presume the people will do something this 
summer towards completing it. About fourteen miles from 
Annapolis town, on the same side of the river, is a glebe lot of 
five hundred acres, which rents for £6 per annum; another at 
Granville, of the same dimensions, three miles from Annapolis, 
is worth forty shillings a year. In tljis town are five or six 
little tenements, occupied by poor people, of whom I can at 
present expect to receive little or no rent. The remainder of 
the parsonage lot here, which was given by Queen Anne, 
contains about an acre, which I have enclosed for a garden at 
a considerable expense. We are greatly obliged to the So- 
ciety for their assistance with regard to the school, but as Mr. 
Snow has procured a grant of land he has resigned the school 
to Mr. John McNamarra, a young man who has been educated 
by me, and during the course of nine years he has lived in my 
family, and shown himself to be a person of remarkable 



1783.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 195 

sobriety and unshaken integrity, for which he has been impris- 
oned and cruelly treated while we continued under the domin- 
ion of Congress. 

" I have not yet had opportunity to make any motion towards 
obtaining subscriptions. Ffty-two families, exclusive of refu- 
gees, by a written paper in my possession, announce them- 
selves of the Church of England, none of whom have sub- 
scribed towards my support. Some of them are sober, well 
afTected people, many of them INIethodists, but I am sorry to 
observe that others are very difl'erent in their sentiments from 
the little loyal town of Annapolis. The number of my parish- 
ioners will probably increase, as one thousand more refugees 
are daily expected ; but as the circumstances of those unfortu- 
nate people are truly wretched and deplorable beyond all mod- 
ern example, no advantage can be expected from them; their 
necessities, on the contrary, must demand frequent effusions of 
pity and beneficence. These destitute and despised wander- 
ers, instead of increasing my emoluments, must daily make 
demands u\)on my compassion and charity." 

The influx of loyalists from the now independent Colonies 
continued to be great. Mr. Bailey writes in October: " Since 
the commencement of this week there have arrived at Annap- 
olis five ships, eight brigs, and four sloops, besides schooners, 
with near a thousand people from" [New] "York. They must 
be turned on shore without any shelter in this rugged season.'' 
A letter written a month later than the foregoing says: " Fif- 
teen hundred fugitive loyalists are just landed here from" 
[New] " York in atfecting circumstances, fatigued with a long 
and stormy passage, sickly, and destitute of shelter from the 
advances of winter, which are now commencing in all their 
horrors. For six months past these wretched outcasts of 
America and Britain have been landing at Annapolis, and va- 
rious other parts of this Province." 

To another friend Mr. Bailey writes, with reference to this 
unhappy class: "Several hundreds are stowed in our Church, 
and larger numbers are still unprovided for." 



196 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1783. 

" Annapolis, Nov. 6th, 1783. 
'' To the Rei[. Wm. Morice, D. D., Secretary, Sfc. 6fc. 

" Rev'd Sir : — Permit me to lay before the Venerable Society 
the present State of this Mission. I have baptized since May 
last twenty-four infants and one adult, and buried ten persons. 
I officiate at Granville once a month, in a decent place 
of worship, about fourteen miles from Annapolis. The Dis- 
senters are much upon the decline, and the only minister they 
had in this country, not being able to find a support among 
his tidherents, has disposed of his interest, and is about to re- 
move to New England. Since my last, of August 15tb, above 
seventeen hundred persons have arrived at Annapolis, besides 
the fifty-seventh regiment, in consequence of which my habita- 
tion is crowded. The Church has been fitted for the reception 
of several hundreds, and multitudes are still without shelter in 
th?s rigorous and stormy season. Near four hundred of these 
miserable exiles have perished in a violent storm, and I am 
persuaded that disease, disappointment, poverty, and chagrin, 
will finish the course of many more before the return of an- 
other spring. So much attention is required in settling these 
strangers, that nothing of a publick nature can be pursued to 
effect. 

"This country, when I removed to Annapolis, contained 
about fifteen hundred souls, including French Roman Catho- 
licks. Between three and four thousand have since been 
added, and several new settlements formed, so that it will be 
impossible for one minister to give proper attendance. House 
rent is extravagantly dear. A small unfinished apartment 
costs three dollars per week, and the necessaries of life increase 
in proportion to our numbers. I am settling seventeen families 
upon the glebe land in this town, which, after another year, 
may yield from twelve to fourteen Pounds. 

" The Governor has not yet admitted me to the Deputy Chap- 
lainship, notwithstanding there is no other' clergyman to dis- 
charge the duties of that place." * * * 

The following was addressed to Rev. Samuel Parker, D. D., 
Rector of Trinity Church, Boston, and is dated in November 



1784.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 197 

of this year : " I will give you a sketch of my progress in farm- 
ing. The best house in Annapolis, with two acres of garden 
and orchard, cost me £20. 1 expended £10 more in labour, 
exclusive of my own. Beside supplying three families in six 
months with vegetables, and distributing to distressed friends 
occasionally, produce for winter use amounted to .£60, one 
half of which was stole, so that the remainder is just equal to 
rent and expenses." 

From Mr. Bailey's reports to the Venerable Society in the 
year 1784, it seems that " the Court House, every store and 
private building, being crowded with people, he had been 
obliged to perform Divine Service at several miles distance, or 
in his own habitation." 

The Church at Annapolis was opened for Divine Service for 
the first time on Easter day of this year. Mr. Bailey' says: 
" Though the weather was wet and stormy, we had a large 
and decent congregation, which encouraged me to hope that 
people will be more attentive to Public Worship, now Ihey 
have a room to assemble in, for it ought to be remembered 
that.at Annapolis we never had a place to meet in sufficient 
to contain an hundred people, for which reasons multitudes, 
were under the necessity of absenting themselves." " The 
Church, when finished, will contain five or six hundred per- 
sons, and the new settlers, which by far exceed the old, are 
heartily disposed to contribute towards its completion." In 
his letter sent to the Society, and dated October 28th, 1784, 
Mr. Bailey says: " I have the satisfaction to inform them that 
at Michaelmas a Vestry of the most respectable characters 
were chosen according to the institutions of this Province, that 
I was this day inducted by the Wardens, in consequence of a 
mandate of the Governor, and that we have a prospect of es- 
tablishing an happy agreement between the old inhabitants 
and the new, and of pursuing measures for the finishing of the 
Church." He speaks of his labours in catechising the children, 
and the very favourable results he had witnessed. Every Wed- 
nesday was devoted to this exercise, preceded by Divine Ser- 
vice, at Annapolis. On other days he visited the more distant 
settlement for the same purpose. And " one hundred children, 



198 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1784. 

exclusive of those in Digby, had learnt the Church Catechism, 
many of whom were the posterity of rigid Dissenters, or of pa- 
rents destitute of any religious principles." Mr. Forman, a 
refugee and an half-pay officer, was at that time the principal 
schoolmaster at Digby. Lamenting the immorality and pro- 
fligacy that prevailed, arising from a total disuse of public 
worship, " he assembled his pupils on Sundays, performed 
Divine Service, and read a sermon. The schoolmistresses 
quickly joined him with their scholars, and in a few weeks he 
was attended by a crowded audience, and a visible alteration 
in the conduct of the inhabitants ensued." 

Mr. Bailey says : " I reckon between thirty and forty com- 
municants at Annapolis, and about twenty at Granville, but I 
cannot ascertain the number at other settlements." " The 
Notitia of the Parish for the last twelve months were : — 
Baptisms, 26 Marriages, 25 Burials, 28 

57 20 do 2 

83 ' 45 80 

The following are extracts from a letter from Rev. Samuel 
Parker, D. D., Boston, December 1st, 1784: — 

" Your letter of September 21st, arrived here when I was 
absent at Philadelphia, and it was not till the last of October 
it came to my hands. Two chests belonging to you had pre- 
viously been brought up from Pownalborough, with verbal 
orders to deliver them to me, but no letter to acquaint me 
what their contents were, or what I was to do with them. * 
* * As you express a desire to have your sermons imme- 
diately, I opened the chest containing the papers, and find 
therein a parcel of papers jumbled together in as great confu- 
sion as Chaos itself could have made, and the chest no way 
secured. Among the jumbled heap some that look like ser- 
mons, but much defaced, torn, and abused, were discerned, 
and I have picked out some that look the most entire, and 
packed in a small box, which I commit to Mr. Worcester's 
care. * * The contents of the box will supply your present 
need till the others arrive. I had a good mind to steal some 
of your sermons, but found upon examination that I could 



1784.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 199 

not take more than fifteen minutes to deliver them, and my 
people always expect thirty minutes, and, as I must have add- 
ed one half to them, 1 thought upon the whole I would not be 
guilty of a theft, which would turn out to so little advantage. 
If you were not my Senior, I should take it upon myself to 
advise you to expend a little more pains in writing your dis- 
courses, because, when you are old you may be obliged to 
transcribe for the purpose of reading them. And, if they were 
preserved with a little more care, it would be no disadvantage. 
I congratulate you on your Induction as Rector of St. Luke's, 
and hope that your latter days will be more easy than the 
former." 

The correspondence which Mr. Bailey commenced on his 
first removal into the Province with Rev. Samuel Peters, D. D., 
in London, was still maintained, and in the autumn of this 
year the former wrote to the latter the following: — 

" AxxAPOMs Royal, Oct. 31st, 1784. 
" Rkv. and Dear Sir: — The long expected arrivals from 
Britain were this day announccxl at Annapolis, and a friendly 
letter from Mr. Domette came into my hand by some unknown 
conveyance. But I am not indebted to your munificence for 
any favours of that nature. Am I destined to wander unno- 
ticed on the muddy banks of Toowaubscot, and .to furnish you 
with future anecdotes of Nova Scotia, unblessed by your 
ghostly benediction ? In a word, I have received no epistles 
from you since the begirming of last March. I have written 
in the interval three letters, and transmitted a large packet, 
containing a description of this Province by a Dr. Turnball. 

" Ministers of the Church of England have resided at Annap- 
olis, with a few interruptions, for near seventy years past with- 
out any Wardens or Vestry. But on Michaelmas, the day 
appointed by the laws of this Province, I was fortunate 
enough to convene a respectable number of parishioners, when 
twelve of the principal inhabitants were chosen. A letter of 
induction was inunediately procured from the Governor and 
I was last Wednesday inducted into the Church. 

" I am confident that no Missionary in America has so diffi- 



200 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1784. 

cult and laborious a situation as mine. Once a month I offi- 
ciate at Granville, about fourteen miles from my habitation. 
To effect this I ride about twelve miles on Saturday, the next 
day proceed about two miles by water, and frequently have 
to climb the banks of the river up to my knees in mud. Then, 
after preaching two sermons, catechising the children, and 
baptizing a number of infants, I return home on Sunday eve- 
ning by the same route. My congregation at this place is 
between three and four hundred. I have made a voyage to 
Digby, about twenty miles below Annapolis, where I officiated 
one Sunday and baptized a number of children. At Annapo- 
lis I perform Divine Service on Wednesday, and catechise near 
eighty children. I am visiting all the schools in the country 
for the same purpose, and am frequently obliged to ride twenty 
miles, besides crossing rivers, to perform the office of baptism. 
Besides, a regiment of soldiers augment my duty, and, though 
I am not favoured with the emoluments of a chaplain, human- 
ity obliges me to perform the whole exercises of that oilice, 
while those who grow opulent by these appointments, unat- 
tended either with labour or expense, reproach me with oiii- 
ciousness, ridicule my indigence, and pursue me with the 
most unabating malice. This is highly provoking to a feeling 
and benevolent mind. I cannot determine how others may 
act in this situation, but I cannot endure that the infant of a 
poor soldier should remain unbaj)tized, that his children or 
himself should be excluded from instruction, or that he should 
be committed to his parent dust without Christian burial. Is 
it not a scandal to any government, or rather ecclesiastical in- 
stitution, that a person should enjoy the proiits of an office 
without performing even the minutest part of the duty ? 
Though disappointed in my expectations, and deprived of my 
just perquisites, yet I am happy, amidst my struggles, to sup- 
port an increasing family with decency, and in having no 
altercations with my people. It is true that they are a collec- 
tion of all nations, kindreds, complexions and tongues, assem- 
bled from every quarter of the globe, and till lately equally 
strangers to each other. This circumstance has prevented me 
from receiving any support from the people, and, in fact both 



1784.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 201 

the original inhabitants and the new imagined, till lately, that 
I not only enjoyed the perquisites of the Garrison, but had the 
same salary for Granville as for Annapolis. The Wardens 
and Vestry, however, give some encouragement to expect 
their assistance, but I derive small expectations from persons 
engaged in expensive buildings, and settling themselves in a 
strange country, especially as the finishing of the church de- 
mands their immediate and liberal contributions. 

" Mr. Wiswall* paid us a visit not long ago, with his wife 
and her youngest daughter, and by a letter just received from 
Cornwallis, I am informed that he is settled in the parsonage 
his parishioners have erected for him. The parochial duties 
of this gentleman are nothing when compared with mine. 
His parishioners are few in number, and the most remote are 
not more than four miles from his habitation, and, if I remem- 
ber right, he neither christens nor marries, except in Church. 
* # * I have received several epistles during the summer 
past from my worthy friend Mr. Bass, of Newburyport, who 
was expelled the Society's service upon the testimony of 
brother Weeks. He wrote to that gentleman last winter, as 
follows : — 

"'Sir: — I learn that you have been my acciiser to the So- 
ciety, and beg it as a favour, that you would let me know the 
articles of the charge you alledged against me, and the evi- 
dence you produced in support of these allegations. 
Your obedient servant, 

Edward Bass.' 
" To which Mr. Weeks returned this answer: — 

"' Rev'd Sir: — I had a line from you a few days ago. If 
you think so meanly of me as that I should turn accuser, or so 
highly of me as that I should have more credit with the So- 
ciety than yourself, you greatly wrong me. I assure you I 
am not admitted to any of their secrets. 
I am. Sir, 

Your humble servant, 

J. WiNGATE Weeks.' 

* Rev. John Wiswall, formerly Rector of St. Paul's Church in Falmouth, now 
Portland, Maine. 

26 



202 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1785. 

" Mr. Bass intreats that this letter may be shown to Dr. 
Morice. 

" I understand that Parson Walter has arrived at Halifax, in 
the quality of a D. D. What is your opinion of this gentle- 
man ? The ladies who emigrated from York to Annapolis 
reprobate him as a fop and coxcomb, and affirm that his whole 
attention is given to dress, balls, assemblies, and plays. 

" But it is the fate of us clergymen to be censured. If we 
are grave, and assume a little dignity, we are stifi', formal, and 
proud ; if we are free, open, and sociable, we are accused of 
levity. If we, or our families, are attentive to make a fashion- 
able appearance, we are foppish, extravagant, and slaves to 
the mode ; if careless of dress we are slovens. So it was in 
ancient days. John, the son of Zacharias, who appeared as 
unadorned as a Micmac of Nova Scotia, and who rejected the 
delicacies of appetite, was accused of holding an intimate 
correspondence with the Devil. While his Divine Master, 
who pursued a different conduct, was blackened as a glutton, 
a guzzler of wine, and as a friend to harlots and Custom House 
officers, the aversion of Jews and American smugglers. 

" November Ath. — That you may form some idea of my pa- 
rochial situation and fatigues, I will inform you that I was 
obliged this day to ride twelve miles through mire, near a foot 
deep, to marry a couple. But when I arrived at the destined 
spot, behold, there was no boat to cross the river. After hold- 
ing a conversation a few minutes from the opposite banks, 
behold Hymen grew angry, the lovers were greivously disap- 
pointed, and your humble servant was under a necessity of 
returning home without his fee through the same muddy road. 
Hark I A heavy rapping at the door I 'A gentleman and 
lady want to speak with you.' Let them walk in. The same 
couple, now made happy. To-morrow I must travel the same 
road to bury a Judge, who fell a sacrifice to all powerful rum, 
which in this country, like death, levels all distinctions." 

This letter brought a rather painfully characteristic reply 
from Dr. Peters, Pimlico, February 22, 1785, from which the 
following is extracted: — 

" Your favour of Octob. 31, 1784, reached me Jan'y 7th5 for 



1785.] LIFE OF KEY. JACOB BAILEY. 203 

which I thank you, although you must have some villains at 
Halifax, who intercept my letters, which have been two for 
one I have received from you. This, I hope, will reach you 
by the grace of Dr. Seabury, now the Right Reverend Father 
in God, by Divine permission Bishop of Connecticut, conse- 
crated by the Non-juring Bishops of the antient and primitive 
Church of Scotland, who lost their patrimony and cliurch tem- 
poralities. Anno 1688, for adhering to their oaths and Ijcing 
loyal to James II. Such iionor have you and all good saints. 
"The Bishop will wait on you and give you his benediction, 
of more value than mine and twenty-six Right Reverend Lord 
Bishops. His certificate will be of great service to you at St. 
Peter's gate, who will admit you at sight of it into Heaven, 
without touching at Purgatory, because you have resided 
in Nova Scotia nine years, which must have purged and 
sweated you more than three hundred and sixty-five days 
could have done in the Pope's Prison. * * » Your congre- 
gation seems to be composed of IMedes, Parthians, and Cre- 
tans. One has told me that you let out lots on the glebe at 
<£8 per annum., to the amount of XSOO per annum. The So- 
ciety expect that Granville should handsomely contribute to 
your support, as well as where you reside. If Granville omit- 
ted" [to do this] " my advice is, that you abide wholly at An- 
napolis. Your labours are truly hard, and your reward is in 
Heaven along with our curates here, who bury seven in a day, 
christen ten to fifteen out and in the Cliurch, marry from three 
to seven couple per day, visit six or seven persons by night 
and by day, read and preach three times on each Snnday, and 
all for X40 to .£45 per annum. # * Your observations 
concerning the censure of the world, which commonly falls on 
the Clergy, is too true. A clean, fashionable appearance is 
part of virtue and part of Christianity. A clergyman here had 
better be guilty of grossly immoral and scandalous practices 
than wear a dirty shirt, long nails, dirty hands, and a long 
beard; for this crime alone Mr. Lyon, on Long Island, was 
dismissed the Society's service. I have laid Mr. Bass's letter 
and its answer before the Secretary. The answer of Mr. 
Weeks is mean and vile. Mr. Bass's letters, by Mr. Tracey, 



204 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1785. 

have been considered. The result is not to his benefit. Mr. 
Bass was ruined here by people of his own Province and pro- 
fession, and not by Dr. Gardiner or Col. Frye. Mr. Bass 
employed as his advocate Mr. Hale, and such as bear dubious 
characters, and never vindicated himself in proper time. I am 
sorry for Mr. Bass, but if he will move to a mission in Nova 
Scotia, I will be his advocate, and will succeed, provided it 
remains a secret to all but him, you, and 

Your faithful 

S. PETERS." 

To this letter Mr. Bailey replied as follows: — 

" Annapolis Royal, April 29, 1785. 
" To the Rev. Mr. Samuel Peters, 

" London, Great Britain. 

"Dear Sir: — I have in possession your letter of February 
22d, and last evening I waited upon the Right Reverend 
Father, in whose presence I appeared as a dwarf alongside of 
a giant. 

"I am not yet sufficiently acquainted with this dignified 
character to venture any remarks. 

" If my communications are not so frequent as yours, they 
certainly exceed in quantity beyond all proportion. I observe 
with extreme concern and vexation that some designing, 
malicious and lying villain, either in the singular or plural 
number, has been very busy in contriving to injure me in your 
opinion. 

" As to the affair of the glebes, I will give you an exact 
account of the matter. There is in Annapolis town an acre 
and a quarter of land, formerly the Romish glebe, but after 
the conquest, confirmed by Queen Anne to the Church of Eng- 
land. Another glebe lies at fourteen miles distance from the 
town which has rented for six pounds; a third, almost contigu- 
ous, containing two hundred and eighty-eight acres, in a 
wilderness situation; with another at Granville. These lots 
together rent for twenty-seven pounds, but some of these 
tenants are unwilling and others unable to pay, and I have 



1785.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 205 

hitherto received more trouble in settling these affairs than 
profit. And I am informed from good authority that Dr. 
Breynton and Mr. Weeks claim the glebe in Annapolis as a 
perquisite to the garrison, and that rents for double the sum 
of the others. 

" I must acknowledge that I received an anonymous letter, 
with reflections equally severe and'tintrue. Your comparison 
drawn so keenly between me and Mr. Lyon, excited at once 
my resentment and curiosity, and knowing that several Long 
Island people resided in this town I inmiediatcly repaired to 
company in which were two gentlemen and as many ladies of 
the most unexceptionable and worthy characters. Without 
hinting at the letter I had received, 1 inquired into the charac- 
ter of Mr. Lyon, to which in([uiry was returned the following 
answer: 'Tiiat they were intimately acquainted witii the man 
and his circumstances; that he was a gentleman of sense, but 
illnatured and avaricious to a supreme degree. The former 
appeared in the cruel treatment of his wife, a woman of the 
first family in that part of the country, and in his repairing to 
taverns an other places of public resort to dispute, wrangle 
and fight with his neighbours. And as to his covetousness, 
though he possessed an ample estate, he denied himself and 
family necessary food and clothing. His house was permitted 
to tumble into ruins, rather than anything should be expended 
in repairs, and his children for the same reason were shame- 
fully neglected, and no cultiu'c afforded either to their bodies 
or tiieir minds.' And though the removal which you mention 
was probably the consequence of his sordid avarice, yet the 
above crimes, my informants declare, were exiiibited in a formal 
complaint by his wardens and principal parishioners. Now 
with regard to severity, a covetous disposition, tavern hunting 
and drunkenness, I am willing to stand the strictest scrutiny 
of my most malicious enemies. As to your observations on 
dress, cleanliness, (S:c., it must be mortifying to the last degree, 
and deeply wound the sensibility of a feeling and generous 
mind to be under a necessity of exculpating himself, even to 
his dearest friend, or of touching upon so delicate a subject. 
Every one of our acquaintance will acknowledge that in dress 



206 FRONTIER MISSIONARY; OR, [1785. 

and hospitality we exceed our circumstances. Our neice and 
children make as good an appearance as any of their age, and 
my wife would be offended if represented deficient in point of 
neatness and elegance. 

" As to myself, though always obliged to officiate twice and 
often three times a week, besides distant excursions, yet I never 
appear without shaving and clean linen. And even when I 
am going to catechise the children I seldom or never omit to 
wear my habit, two or three changes of which I have in good 
condition, fitted for the different seasons. It is true that when 
I perform at Granville, the skirts of my garments are frequently 
tinged with the ooze of Toowaubscot, and my shoes disobliged 
by the mud, but my face and hands generally escape the 
contagion. Perhaps you may inquire: 'Why do you dress 
before you arrive at Granville?' Because no family within 
miles of the church have invited me to the freedom of their 
house, and my friend Bass, who lives nearly opposite, gives 
me a most hearty welcome. I will mention another circum- 
stance. Besides shaving myself two or three times a week, I 
pay a barber one shilling a week for keeping my head in 
proper repair. I intreat you not to mistake me. I acknowl- 
edge with gratitude your kindness and friendship in giving me 
these hints. 

" I must remark upon what you mention respecting Granville, 
that I have received very ill treatment from many of its 
inhabitants. It was never probable that I should please some 
of their leading men, who admired Fisher, a professed Socinian 
and Republican. However, my services, though I officiate but 
one Sunday in a month, are much harder than at Annapolis. 
I am frequently called upon to attend funerals, lectures and 
christenings, and yet have never received anything from that 
people, (one person excepted,) by way of subscription, contri- 
bution, or presents. I am obhged to find my own horse, 
attendants and ferriage. One man, however, has lately offered 
me the use of his horse. But not contented with this, a 
number both of the old and new inhabitants assembled in 
town meeting, and, directly contrary to the standing laws of 
this Province, voted to take away from me the glebe, which I 



1785.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 207 

had rented for forty shillings sterling per annum, though it had 
been in the possession of the Society's Missionary for twenty 
years. Their pretence is that I am minister only for Annapo- 
lis, and they have proceeded to rent it out for five years. I 
am sensible that this violent and illegal measure has not the 
approbation of the major part, among either Church people or 
Dissenters. Two justices of each profession are warm in my 
favour. We have received directions from my wortiiy friend 
Col. Burbidge, of Cornwallis, a member of the Society, to 
bring it before the Supreme Court, and our wardens are deter- 
mined to support my claim. It is impossible for a place to 
be more divided in religious sentiment than Granville. I 
suppose that there may be about four hundred families now, 
near half of which reckon themselves to be members of the 
Church of England, though subdivided into Deists, Socinians, 
Methodists and Whitefieldites. The remainder are Lutherans, 
Calvinists, Presbyterians, Seceders, Congregationalists, Ana- 
baptists, Quakers, Everything-arians, Mystics and New Lights. 
A number of illiterate and drunken teachers are daily following 
each other in rapid succession, like waves of the Atlantic, the 
last of which always eclipses the glory of his predecessors. 

" I am at this moment informed that a principal gentleman at 
Digby is assured by letters from London that the Society are 
determined to establish a Mission there, but that no suitable 
person has yet oflered. I heartily wish that our friend Bass, 
might be admitted, since I am persuaded he would accept 
it with the utmost cheerfulness and gratitude." 

In his report to the Society sent in the sj)ring of this year, 
Mr. Bailey says he had "officiated twice every Sunday since 
his last, and continued to perform Divine Service, and catechise 
the children on Wednesdays, without a single exception." * 
* " Baptisms, since October, forty; that is, thirty-seven in- 
fants and three adults — one negro man; a gentleman of 
distinction near sixty years of age; and the father of several 
children. I cannot be exact as to the number of communicants 
since the inhabitants are yet unsettled, two persons, however, of 
advanced age were admitted at Easter." He refers to the 



208 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1785. 

statement that he had rented glebe lands to the amount of 
X800 per annum. This statement had first been communi- 
cated to Mr. Bailey in the letter of Dr. Peters which has been 
quoted. He now says that Bishop Seabury when at Annapolis 
informed him that he had heard a like report. Mr. Bailey gives 
the real facts in the case in nearly the same language in which 
he had stated them in his letter to Dr. Peters. The diversion 
of the glebe lands in Cornwallis to the use of the poor, and 
Mr. Bailey's action in consequence, are mentioned as in the 
letter named. He also says that " illiterate preachers, who style 
themselves Presbyters of the American Church, have been for 
several months past travelling through the country, preaching, 
administering the sacraments, and marrying persons they have 
seduced. Their success is the greater because they profess to 
adhere to the liturgy and usages of the Church of England." 
Mr. Bailey's report to the Society in the autumn of this 
year is as follows : — 

" Annapolis Royal, Oct. 28, 1785. 
"To tlie Rev. Dr. Blorice, Secretary to the Society., 
" Hatton Garden., London., Great Britain. 

"Reverend Sir:^ — Permit me to address the Venerable 
Society with the following information. 

" The inhabitants of this county, consisting of various nations 
and characters, are more settled than at their first arrival. A 
spirit of industry prevails among the emigrants, and finding 
that winter wheat succeeds beyond expectation upon new 
lands, they are making rapid improvements, and, of course, 
that dissipation and vicious excess which was contracted 
during the rage of civil discord, will, it is hoped, quickly 
expire. Their attention to religion, order, and the education 
of children increases, and the happy effects of instruction 
appear where regular schools are supported, especially at 
Annapolis, where constant attendance is given for their im- 
provement. And I cannot do justice to Mr. McNamarra, 
without affirming that there is not a better regulated school in 
America than his. 

" Our church still remains unfinished, as the ancient inhabi- 



1785.] LIFE OF KEY. JACOB BAILEY. 209 

tants and the new settlers cannot yet agree, though there is 
some prospect that their disputes may have a favourable 
termination. 

" Tlie A^stry have lately given me twenty cords of wood, 
the first donation, either public or private, I have received from 
the people, and for this indulgence I am chiefly obliged to the 
late comers. The old inhabitants in general are very unwilling 
to contribute towards the support of a minister, notwithstand- 
ing, it must be confessed that their ability is greater, since 
they have enriched themselves by selling their produce, by 
no means at a moderate price, to these unfortunate adven- 
turers. 

" My Notitia is as follows, since the beginning of May : three 
new communicants; baptisms, fifty-one; burials, exclusive of 
the garrison, two; marriages, since June, only one, since roving 
preachers of various denominations have taken the liberty to 
perform this important rite without license or publication. 
And though prohibited by an express law of the Province, 
under a penalty of fifty pounds for every offence, yet they 
pretend that the Governor has given them permission. As I 
have the fullest evidence that a Mr. Renkin, whom I never saw 
but once, has, without any visible inducement, misrepresented 
my affairs to the Society, I would humbly request their atten- 
tion to a concise representation of my circumstances. I came 
to this Province with a family, destitute of money, clothing 
and furniture. I had then to draw upon the Society for two 
huiKJred pounds sterling, near half of wiiich I had the misfor- 
tune to lose by the failure of a merchant in whose hands it 
was deposited. At Cornwallis, it being a country town and 
the people generous, I was able to live without exceeding my 
income. But when I arrived at Annapolis I found it impos- 
sible to support my character with so little expense. 

"Dr. Wood had lived in aflluence and splendour, and it was 
expected that 1 should make the same appearance upon the fifth 
part of his emoluments, the extravagant prices of necessaries 
considered. About three months after my settlement here the 
emigration of thousands in distress commenced, which neces- 
sarily raised in proportion every article of subsistence, except 
27 



210 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1786. 

pork and flour. The assistance which these sufferers demand- 
ed from the humane by no means tended to increase my per- 
quisites. 

" There is no parsonage house in the Mission, and I am 
obliged to pay thirty pounds rent for my present habitat! n 
and garden, which with fuel, horse-keeping and a servant, leave 
a very scanty subsistence for my family. I have always 
indulged expectations of receiving some emoluments from the 
garrison. But after having performed the duty with punctu- 
ality for more than three years, I have reaped no advantage, 
and the gentleman at Halifax, who enjoys the profit, has never 
once officiated here, nor even condescended to thank me for my 
assistance, and he even pretends that the glebe at Annapolis 
belongs to him as Chaplain." 

In his semi-annual report to the Society in May, 1786, Mr. 
Bailey gives the following statistics of his Mission: — 

" Baptisms in the last half year : 32 infants, 8 adults, (of 
which four were black persons,) — 40. Burials four, two whites 
and two blacks. Three nev/ communicants." 

The affair of glebe lands, belonging to the Mission, is again 
treated at considerable length. 

In a letter to Rev. S. Peters, Mr. Bailey speaks of the attem 
of some persons in the town of Granville to divert the glebe 
lands there to the support of the poor. He now repeats his 
account of that transaction and says : " But a man of resolution 
appearing, I gave him a lease at three pounds currency per 
annum, and the town of Granville unanimously refusing to 
support the said committee, I have acquired possession without 
the expense of a law-suit." ^ * " Upon the whole, the 
present income of the glebes is as follows : — 

Currency. Sterling. 

• ■ Granville, £ 3 X 2 14 

Annapolis 10 9 

Queen Anne 20 6 18 4 6 

£33 6 £29 18 6 



1786.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 211 

" Permit me once more to repeat that it still remains unde- 
cided whether Queen Anne's glebe belongs to the Missionary, 
or the Deputy Chaplain of the garrison, since Dr. Wood, and 
others, served in both of these capacities. The records of An- 
napolis, if any were kept, with the plate and furniture given to 
the Church by Queen Anne were removed to Halifax by order 
of Governor Lawrence. * * All that can be obtained with 
regard to this matter is, from authentic tradition, that this land 
belonged, before the concjuest, to tlie Romish priest, and that 
Queen Anne assigned it to the Protestant minister of the 
English Church. # * * * I must submit to the pleasure 
of the Society, but if they should speedily lessen my salary, 
it will greatly distress one who has for twenty-six years faith- 
fully served them. His Majesty, and the Church, in situations 
peculiarly difficult and often extremely dangerous. And allow 
me to observe that the other Missionaries whose salaries -are 
curtailed are all Chaplains on half pay, and that their situa- 
tions are less expensive than mine; for the garrison, the Courts 
of Justice, and the Packets between the two Provinces, are all 
circumstances which not only render the entertainment of 
company unavoidable, but in so small a town as Annapolis, 
raise the j)rice of provisions." 

]VL*. Bailey had received a suggestion from a friend in London 
that his stipend from the Society was to be reduced. This 
occasioned the observations in the concluding paragraph of 
the above letter. 

The next communication from the Secretary confirmed his 
fears. From its date it could not have been received when Mr. 
Bailey transmitted the above quoted half-yearly report. 

Dr. Morice says, in his letter : " The Society have lowered 
your salary ten pounds a year, to bring it more upon a level 
with the salaries of their other Missionaries, agreeably to the 
plan which they adopted last year, and of which I gave you 
some intimation in my last letter. To a person so well 
esteemed by the Society, it is hardly necessary to assure you, 
that it is not from any disapprobation of your services and 
conduct, which, they wish were as well regarded and rewarded 
by your own people. This diminution of the Society's bounty 



212 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1787. 

ought to be an incitement to your congregation to do more 
for you, and, indeed, to fulfil those obligations to which they 
are bound in common with other Missions. 

" Mr. Viets, of Simsbury, is appointed to Digby, and, if he 
is not yet arrived, I would recommend him to your notice and 
assistance." 

In Mr. Bailey's letter to the Society, dated Nov. 6, 1786, 
occurs the following passage : " I have given constant attention 
to the duties of my Mission, amidst many ditficnlties and 
discouragements. I am happy, however, in having so indus- 
trious and good a neighbour, as the Rev. Mr. Viets. He is 
very acceptable to the people at Digby and the adjacent set- 
tlements. Since the ♦tenth of May I have baptized fifty-six 
persons, four of whom are adults. Burials, only four, and 
for three years past the proportion of the former to the latter 
has been nearly as twelve to one. # * * Although I sub- 
mit without repining to the decisions of the Society, the 
reduction of my salary has greatly embarrassed me, especially 
as I could not, with the utmost prudence and economy, avoid 
being somewhat involved in my circumstances, before that 
event took place." 

" Annapolis Royal, Jan. 29, 1787. 

» To Mr. T B . 

"* * I presume that you cannot be offended at my applica- 
tion by . If you fully understood my necessities, I am con- 
fident you would, if possible, afford me some assistance. Could 
I have supported my family without running deeply into debt, 
I would never have troubled you with any solicitation. But 
what can I do, unjustly deprived of the Chaplainship, and 
curtailed in my salary, with an helpless family, in a very expen- 
sive situation? Indeed it is with the utmost difficulty we are 
able to procure the bare necessaries of life. We are obliged to 
suffer almost the same excess of poverty as at Kennebeck, 
during the day of rebellion. But this is nothing in compari- 
son with the expectation of processes and imprisonment, which 
cannot be avoided, unless I can make payment within three 
months, circumstances which you are sensible, must ruin a 



1787.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 213 

clergyman. Two tilings I must present to your recollection, 
that half of my salary, which is but ,£110, is expended for 
house rent and fuel ; and secondly, that what remains in your 
hands was saved by selling our furniture, Mrs. Bailey's clothes, 
and by starvation. God knows my heart, that I cannot endure 
to distress any of my fellow creatures, especially an old friend, 
for that reason I neither expect nor desire that you should 
discharge the whole at one payment." 

" Annai'olis Royal, May 10th, 1787. 
" To the Rev. Dr. Morice, Secretary, ^'c. S^'c. 

"Rev. Sir: — Permit me to inform the Venerable Society, 
that I have been able to perform the duties of my Mission 
since my last with some degree of success; that people are 
more constant than formerly in their attendance upon Public 
Worship; that the Dissenters are so reconciled to the Church, 
that they fre([ucntly invite me to officiate among them, and to 
baptize their children; that there is no Methodist or sectary 
teacher in the county, except one Ana-baptist at fourteen miles 
distance; that the inhabitants of Annapolis town have cheer- 
fully subscribed to give me twenty Pounds per annum, which 
is as much as they are able at present; that all party has to 
a-ppearance subsided ; that they have agreed to finish the 
church, and have raised one hundred and fifty Pounds for that 
purpose ; and that as no person or party appears to be unfriend- 
ly, I have a more pleasing prospect of doing service than in 
any former period. As many people have removed from the 
several towns in this county upon their farms, Annapolis at 
present contains only forty families, including negroes; few of 
them arc in alliuent circumstances, and many are very poor, 
but I reckon five times as many in the county under my care, 
which cannot properly be discharged without much expense 
and fatigue. 

"Baptisms, forty. Deaths, thirty; three or four of whom 
died of age and sickness, the remainder were drowned, or 
perished by the severity of the weather, or want of proper 
food." 



214 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1787. 

« Annapolis Royal, May 11th, 1787. 
" To Dr. S. Peters, Pimlico, London. 

"Dear Sir: — I am at this moment favom*ed with your letter 
of February last, and heartily thank you for that kind atten- 
tion which you have paid to Mr. McNamarra. I should never 
have troubled you had not his conduct recommended him to 
every worthy loyalist. As to your information and advice I 
receive it with gratitude. I have ever regarded you with the 
warmest sentiments of affection and esteem, and, I flatter 
myself that kindness must have dictated you to address me 
again upon so disagreeable a subject. But I assure you, upon 
the word of an honest man, that 1 never go abroad without 
taking particular care to appear in character, except when busy 
in my garden, and this both my health and the necessities of 
my family require. Indeed, there is no person here above this 
employment. But I find that you have no idea of travelling 
in a new country. It cannot be expected that a Missionary 
on duty in remote corners should appear as sleek and hand- 
some as a London deacon fresh from a barbers shop. 

" ' If you reflect that we are liable to be called, u])on a sudden 
emergency, in all weathers, to distant excursions, where our 
progress must be continued, partly on foot, partly on horse- 
back, by land and by water, through deep morasses, muddy 
roads, and unbroken forests, you cannot wonder that we 
sometimes exhibit a tragic-comic appearance. 

" ' Several times in the year past I have been exposed in this 
manner, amidst violent storms of rain, mire to my horse's belly, 
wet to my skin, and my clothes rent in climbing over wind- 
falls; and in this pickle to perform the service I went upon 
and then to return in the same shattered condition. You are 
sensible that should a clergyman adjourn a sermon, a wedding, 
or funeral, or a christening, or the visiting of a sick or dying 
person till fine weather, as other gentlemen may do, who only 
travel for pleasure, it would still be more criminal. I will give 
you an extract from my Journal to the present purpose. 

" ' November 15th. After a severe frosty night we set forward, 
being four in company, for a wedding, to Clement's, about 
fourteen miles below Annapolis. , 



1787.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 215 

"'In the second mile we crossed Allan's River, a rapid, rocky 
stream, where we were finely bespattered. Our progress for 
several miles lay through horrid broken roads, so encumbered 
with rocks, holes and gullies, roots of trees, and windfalls, and 
sloughs, that the passage was extremely difficult and danger- 
ous. We were frequently obliged to dismount and lead our 
horses, wallowing knee-dee[), through the mire. The last six 
miles conducted us over hanging precipices, woody promon- 
tories, and three stony beaches, full of honey pots. We crossed 
Moose River at a critical moment, as the tide was running in 
with rapidity. A little before sunset we arrived at Mr. Jones's, 
a log house, with two small apartments, where I united in 
matrimony Sheepy Spur and Alicia Van Voorhies, the bride 
very pretty. 

" ' The house being crowded with people, Capt. Ditmarsh, the 
bride's grandfather, invited me to sleep at his house. A little 
before dark we set forward, and having walked above a mile, 
we came to a river, where, after wading into the water over 
our knees, we were untler the necessity of returning in a dis- 
mal, dark and cloudy evening, along the ragged banks of a 
rocky beach, every moment in danger of breaking our legs, 
and of having our eyes scratched out against the branches of 
trees which had fallen over the bank. We at length recovered 
the house, where musick and dancing continued till after sun- 
rising. About nine we began to return towards Annapolis, 
but we had no sooner crossed Moose River, than a cold, disa- 
greeable storm of wind and rain commenced, which quickly 
rendered these new roads intolerable. Mrs. Spur was thrown 
from her horse, but her husband, catching her in his arms, 
prevented her from receiving any harm. 

" ' Siie was however so wet and fatigued that we were obliged 
to leave her behind. By twelve we were compleatly soaked to 
our skins, and, by the plunging of our horses, were covered 
with mud from the soles of our shoes to the crown of our hats. 
Before dark I reached my habitation in woful plight.' 

" 3Tc mora ml Kin. Received half a dollar fee, as a reward for 
my journey, expense, trouble, wear and tear, and in consequence 
of this soaking I was afllicted with the rheumatism through 
the winter, though I never omitted duty. 



216 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1787. 

" As to Annapolis town, upon my arrival it contained eight- 
een families, at present forty-five, only four or five of which, 
either by fortune or education, have any pretensions to polite- 
ness, and these are all very friendly. One has exerted himself 
to procure subscriptions, and another, acknov, ledged to be the 
politest man in the county, has subscribed to give five Pounds 
yearly. The other families are tavern keepers, disbanded 
sergeants, Scotch pedlars, mechanicks, farmers and negroes. 

"Some are transformed into shopkeepers, and others remain 
very indigent. There is not a building equal to the houses of 
middling farmers in New England. It is from a regard to 
truth, and not from any disrespect that I transmit this account, 
for I am treated civilly by all. I have not, to my knowledge, 
an enemy among them, and they have readily subscribed to 
give me twenty Pounds 7>fr annum, which is as much as they 
are able. It is payable in May, and most of them have already 
discharged the first year, and the fear of my being removed 
was their princij)al inducement to subscribe. 

"But the inhabitants of Annapolis are not the fifth part of 
my parishioners, as will sufficiently appear from my Notitia. 
They are chiefly husbandmen and labourers with miserable 
habitations. Many families are confined to a single apartment, 
built with sods, where men, women, children, pigs, fowls, fleas, 
bugs, mosquitos, and other domestic insects, mingle in society. 
No less than forty of these huts exist within a mile and a half 
of Annapolis town. In some of these wretched hovels, the 
politest clergyman in Europe, was he a Missionary, would be 
constrained to enter, to eat, and perhaps to sleep, or else to 
neglect his duty. Brother Viets, when he has compleated his 
first year, will doubtless be able to confirm the truth of this 
narrative. In a new country poverty increases for the first 
seven years, but after ten the inhabitants begin to revive by 
degrees. This I have learned from former experience. I 
resided almost twenty years at Kennebeck. The people were 
miserable enough for several years, but before the rebellion 
commenced the country was finely improved, the settlers made 
a decent appearance, and Pownalborough was politer than 
even the city of Annapolis, and my congregation there rather 
exceeded my present in useful knowledge and splendour. 



1787.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 217 

Permit me further to observe that Cisebeau and every other 
settlement have the advantage of Annapolis in people of 
Avealth, consequence and politeness; that the connections I 
have formed among the inhabitants, the attention I have paid 
to their children, and my readiness to oblige them upon all 
occasions, cannot, I presume, induce them to wish for my 
removal; that I have been regularly inducted into the Parish; 
that nearly one-half of the town are my tenants, whose interest 
would be affected by a change; that I have been a long time 
in the Society's service in the most laborious and dilFicult 
situations; that I have endured many losses and sufferings for 
my steady attachment to the Church and Government; that 
my age and constitution will not admit of any new harrass- 
ments; that I have a large, helpless family, who depend upon 
me for support; that though I am pretty well seasoned to 
woods and bad roads, to wet weather and fresh water rivers, 
yet I cannot endure the salt water without cruel sickness, and 
was I removed to a Mission near the sea I could not possibly 
perform the duty; that I have, at much expense and opposition, 
procured a grant of two hundred acres, two miles from Annap- 
olis, this I am improving and consider the last resource of my 
family; that at a certain time removals and the forming of 
new acquaintances are extremely disagreeable, and that the 
very idea of such migrations is sullicient to suppress the 
industry of any clergyman advanced in life, to discourage 
every generous effort, and eHectually to prevent his being use- 
ful, since he must l)e acquainted with the temper and circum- 
stances of his people, before he can do much service among 
them. 

" I fully approve of your reflections upon the revolution Bish- 
ops, and at the same time conclude that they and their abettors 
have as great a regard for the Alcoran as the New Testament, 
according to which all rebellions are damnable, especially when 
the most damnable methods are pursued to support them. 

" I admire Mr. Waggoner's spirit. Forty Pounds could not 
furnish him with an hovel, fire, and potatoes. 

" Brother Viets went to Connecticut for his family before 
Christmas, and is expected every moment to return, as are 
28 



218 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1787. 

Clarke, Scovil, and Andrews, to New Brunswick. When they 
arrive it is probable that we shall unite in giving a true account 
of the country and our situation, and to acquaint Dr. Morice 
that if he expects the Missionaries should make a decent ap- 
pearance, they must have a decent support. And though I 
have never yet worn a pair of leather breeches, yet, if this cur- 
tailing business proceeds much further, we shall be obliged to 
cloath ourselves, like the ancient worthies, not indeed with 
sheep skins and goat skins, but with the hides of moose, bears, 
and wildcats. 

" The following particulars are absolutely necessary for a 
clergyman in Nova Scotia: — 

" 1. That he should have a large, decent house, well furnished. 

"2. That he should entertain all genteel travellers in a gen- 
teel manner. 

" 3. That he should feed all the hungry and cloath all the 
naked who approach him. 

"4. That he should reform all disorders in his parish with- 
out any authority, or the least support of the civil magistrate, 
or encouragement from any quarter. 

"5. That himself and family should be elegantly dressed, 
without attempting to rival people of fashion. 

" 6. That he should keep servants, horses, carriages, books, 
garden seeds, and farming utensils in the best order, both for 
his own and every body's service. 

" 7. He must never be weary, lame, or sick. 

" 8. He must tly, when requested, to the remotest limits of 
his Mission, amidst raging elements, and that without dirting, 
wrinkling, or wearing his garments. 

" 9. That he suffer himself to be cheated in every bargain, 
for which, whether he be silent or complains, he is sure to be 
laughed at. 

" 10. That it is criminal either to be prudent, or to run in 
debt. 

"As to a Bishop, T can only sincerely declare, that if it de- 
pended upon me. Dr. Peters should be the man, and I believe 
so say all the brethren. * * Permit me to insert a circum- 
stance omitted — at this season of the year you cannot enter 



1787.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 219 

a mile into the woods without being covered with black flies 
and mosquitos." 

The introduction of the smallpox into Annapolis Royal in 
the summer of this year caused Mr. Bailey no little uneasiness. 
His wife, deciding to be innoculated, was left in the city, while 
Mr. Bailey retired into a distant part of the township with the 
children. From thence he wrote to Rev. Roger Viets, the So- 
ciety's Missionary at Digby. He says : " Now, Sir, though I 
am attending to that part of my Mission, which I have perhaps 
too much neglected, I am sensible that the people in town are 
uneasy to be so long without public service, and would be 
highly pleased with a visit from you to ofliciatc among them, 
and to baptize a number of infants born during my absence. 
I must therefore intreat you to oblige them and me with your 
friendly labours. * * I cannot think that this forcing a 
loathsome and dangerous disorder upon our neighbours is 
agreeable to the dictates of freedom, religion, or Immanity. I 
am, for instance, restrained from taking it from a principle of 
conscience." 

In 1787 the Rev. Charles Inglis, D. D., who had been Rector 
of Trinity Church, New York, from 1777 to 1783, was ap- 
pointed the first Bishop of all the British North American 
Colonies. This drew from Mr. Bailey a letter of congratula- 
tion addressed to him, and dated October 26th, 1787. 

The usual half-yearly report to the Society P. G. is as fol- 
lows : — 

" Annapolis Royal, Nov. 12th, 1787. 
" To the Rev. Dr. Morice, 

Secretary to the Society, London. 
"Rev. Sir: — Permit me to inform the Venerable Society, 
that the people at Annapolis have cheerfully contributed to- 
wards the finishing of our Church, and that it begins to make 
a decent appearance. But as there was a necessity of repair- 
ing it from the foundation, I have been obliged to ofliciate in 
the Court House and in private places in the country, by 
which means a greater number of all denominations have been 



220 FRONTIER MISSIONARY; OR, [1788. 

able to attend Divine Service. Since my letter of May last, 
Baptisms have amounted to sixty-one; Marriages, twenty 
couples ; Burials, only five. As this exceeds, in proportion, any 
former Notitia from this place, it is an argument that the coun- 
try flourishes, notwithstanding several families have emigrated 
to the States. But as they were chiefly indolent people, of a 
restless and roving disposition, or notorious for their criminal 
conduct, their absence can hardly be perceived in any religious 
assembly, and their recess may be regarded as a fortunate 
event to a rising country. A tenant on the glebe having 
repeatedly refused either to take a lease, or to pay any acknowl- 
edgment, I found it necessary, at the instance of the Attorney- 
General, to bring a writ of ejectment. I have long since dis- 
persed all the Catechisms and Prayer Books transmitted by 
the Society, and as they are greatly wanted among the people, 
permit me to solicit a supply." 

The statistics of the Mission are not given in the half-yearly 
report to the Society in May. Tiiat letter is occupied mainly 
in a statement of trouble and expense to which Mr. Bailey had 
been put in defending the glebe. In his letter to the Secretary 
of the Society, in November of this year, he informs him that 
he had " been successful in three several actions, which, it 
is imagined, will sufficiently prevent any further litigation. 
Though I have" [he continues] " the countenance of my prin- 
cipal parishioners, yet 1 am constrained to bear all the expense, 
except the assistance I received from one generous attorney, 
and, as I am indebted to a wealthy man, who stimulated the 
tenants to this contest, I am now exposed to his disappointed 
malice. 

Baptisms, since May last, - - - 53 

' Burials, " .... 4 

Confirmed, " - - - - 25 

" Near an hundred would have offered themselves, had it 
not been for the following unfortunate circumstance: the 
Bishop, on his return from New Brunswick, had agreed to 
give me timely notice. He arrived at Digby on Monday, the 



1789.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 221 

25th of August, and wrote me that he intended to hold con- 
firmation at Annapolis the next Sunday, but the letter was 
not delivered till a fortnight after. On Saturday, about nine 
in the evening, he unexjiectedly arrived at Annapolis. I was 
then gone to officiate at Granville. I received a message the 
next morning to return immediately. It was now eight o'clock 
and I had twelve miles to ride, so that it was almost time to 
begin service before I could see the Bishop, but as he had ap- 
pointed the days for confirmation at Wilmot, Cornwallis, 
Windsor, ^c, it was requisite that it should now be adminis- 
tered at Annapolis. As service was expected at Granville, it 
was impossible to give timely information. Thus was the 
Bishop chagrined, the people disapjiointed, and I mortified by 
the carelessness of the man to whom the letter was intrusted. 
I had taken unwearied i)aiiis both in public and in jirivate to 
explain the natiu'e, and to urge the necessity of confirmation, 
as all the ):>eople, except a few Europeans, were wholly unac- 
quainted with this institution." 

From a letter from Rev. Samuel Parker, D. D., R(>ctor of 
Trinity Church, Boston, dated in the autumn of this year, the 
following is extracted: — 

"Young Gardiner' read the service at Pownalborou^ji last 
wijiter and s])ring, but then went to New York and was 
ordained by Bishop Provost, and iiad an invitation to a parish, 
near Charleston, South Carolina, which he accepted, and 
has been there ever since. I believe there is no service in any 
Episcoi)al Cliurcli below Falmouth, where a Mr. Oxnard is a 
reader." 

In writing to Rev. Edward Bass, at Newburyport, March 
14th, 1789, Mr. Bailey speaks of the trouble and expense to 
which he had been subjected in defending the glebe lands. 
He also says: "Pray inform my kinsman that two years ago 
not a person in Annapolis ventured to sing in public, but they 
have now attained to great perfection. The best families have 

* Rev. J. S. J. Gardiner who afterwards succeeded Dr. Parker as Rector of Trinity 
Church, Boston, Mass. 



222 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1789. 

joined to encourage it, and we have for more than a year per- 
formed Psahnody in all its parts. 

" For your amusement I have enclosed the hymns we sang 
last Easter and New Year's Day, for the people here expect 
that I should compose hymns, as well as sermons for the 
holidays, and through the instigation of some friends I have 
attempted to court the Muses in my old age, upon several 
subjects by way of satire, as the character of your demagogues, 
the trimmer, &c." 

"Annapolis Royal, May 2oth, 1789. 
" To the Rev. Dr. Morice, 

Becretary to the Societij, London. 

"Rev. Sir: — I would beg leave to inform the Venerable 
Society that St. Luke's Church at Annapolis is at length com- 
pleatly finished, in consequence of which my congregation, 
exclusive of the soldiers, is increased to twice the former 
number; that the Dissenters at Granville have converted their 
meeting-house into an Episcopal Church of England; that I 
have received an application from the people of Annapolis 
district, and otTiciate in their meeting-house one Sunday in 
six; that the inhabitants of Clements have declared for the 
Church, and request my occasional assistance, till they shall 
be happy enough to obtain a minister. I cheerfully comply 
with these various requisitions, but find that these distant 
excursions, as age advances, are extremely fatiguing. And 
though we have no settled society in this county to oppose 
the Church, yet a succession of itinerant preachers from the 
States and elsewhere, create great confusion among the lower 
people, and are of inconceivable damage to a new country, by 
drawing multitudes almost every day in the week, at this busy 
season, to attend to their desultory and absurd vociferations. 

" These preachers, however, agree in rejecting the literal 
sense of the Holy Scriptures, and the Christian Ordinances. 
Their depcndance is upon certain violent emotions, and they 
discourage industry, charity, and every social virtue, affirming 
that the most abandoned sinners are nearer to the King- 
dom of Heaven than people of a sober, honest and religious 



1789.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 223 

deportment, for such, they alledge, arc in danger of depending 
upon their own righteousness. 
" Since November last : 

Baptisms, 39 infants and 2 adults. 

4 new Communicants. 

5 Burials. 
****** 

" The Bishop in March last desired mc to transmit him an 
account of my cx|)ense in defence of the glebes, with proper 
vouchers, I immediately complied with his requisition, but 
fear my letter could not reach Halifax before his embarlcation 
for Quebec. I must therefore beg permission to repeat the 
substance of my communications to the Bishop. Besides all 
the trouble, excursions, neglect of domestic concerns and abuse, 
I was obliged to give three lawyers three guineas each, and 
have been severely harrassed by another law suit, commenced 
in revenge. 

"It is true I have not only been successful in all these dis- 
putes, but am happy enough to effect a perfect reconciliation 
with all my opponents. Myself and family have severely felt 
the consequences of this litigation." 

The letters of Mr. Bailey for six years, i. c, from August 
1789 to August 179o, are missing, and but very few of the 
letters of his correspondents have come into the hands of the 
compiler of this narrative. 

The following is an extract from a communication from 
Bishop Inglis to Mr. Bailey: — 

"Halifax, December 0, 1789. 
" Reverend Sir: — I am much obliged to you for your Notitia 
Parochialis, inserted in your letter of Nov. 17, which is just 
come to hand. It gives me great pleasure to find that your 
Mission flourishes, and especially that so many children and 
youth attend to be catechised. My greatest hope of reforma- 
tion arises from them, and therefore I am peculiarly anxious 
that the Clergy should be diligent in instructing the rising 
generation." 



224 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1794. 

From the printed abstract of the proceedings of the Society 
P. G. in 1789, it- seems that "in the course of the year Mr. 
Bailey had baptized 91 infants, and 4 adults; married 12 
couple; and buried 9 persons." It is a circumstance worthy 
of record in the Biography of a Clergyman connected with 
the Church in Nova Scotia, that Sunday Schools were estab- 
lished in that Province as early at least as this year. This 
fact rests on the authority of a printed sermon of Rev. Roger 
Viets, "preached at Digby, in Nova Scotia, April 19th, 1789,'' 
in which he says: "But the abuse of the mornings, noons, and 
evenings of Lord's days is in part obviated by the late excel- 
lent institution of Sunday Schools, for the establishment and 
support of which we are very much indebted to the piety and 
assiduity of our worthy Prelate, who is never weary in well- 
doing." 

The Rev. Edward Bass wrote to Mr. Bailey from Newbury- 
port, April 5, 1792. He says: "Last summer we had a high 
Sundav here. Bishop Seabury preached in our Church and 
confirmed an hundred and thirty or forty persons. Not more 
than half the people who came to church could get in." 

The Abstract of the Society for the year 1793 contains the 
following reference to the previous year. " Mr. Bailey, the 
Missionary at Annapolis, besides the regular performance of 
duty, continues to instruct in the catechism 30 children every 
Wednesday, and as many in the country every Friday, during 
the summer season. His last Notitia was. Baptisms 36, Mar- 
riages 7, Burials 2, New Communicants 2." 

On the 20th January, 1794, Governor John Wentworth noti- 
fied olficially the agents of the garrison at Annapolis that he 
had appointed Rev. Jacob Bailey Deputy Chaplain of that 
fortress, the appointment to commence on the first instant, in 
the place of Rev. Joshua Wingate Weeks, and directed said 
agents to account with Mr. Bailey for the subsistence allowed 
by government. 

By this order justice was at length done in this matter to 
the worthy Rector of Annapolis. During many years Mr. 
Bailey had at times actually suffered from the want of the 
income attached to the office, the duties of which he discharged. 



1794.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 225 

while others received the emoluments. He tried all proper 
means to obtain his just rights, and his letters and those' of 
some of his correspondents abound with passages on this 
subject, some of which have been inserted in this Memoir. 
Mr. Bailey says, June 21st, 1782: "Dr. Breynton, on my 
removal to Cornwallis, ofiered to resign his Deputy Chaplain- 
ship of the 84th Regiment in my favour." This arrangement, 
though strongly opposed by the friends of Rev. Mr. Ellis, was 
carried into ett'ect. Mr. Bailey discharged the duties of the 
oflice to the garrison at Cornwallis. In December, 1780, he 
received X20 as part of his salary. Shortly after, "Dr. Breyn- 
ton," says Mr. Bailey, "seized the fuel and ordered the Quarter 
Master not to allow me any perquisites except subsistence, 
about two-fifths of the whole." 

" After my appointment to Annapolis I received no letter 
from Dr. Breynton till the latter end of June, when he an- 
nounced that he took the 84th Regiment into his own hands, 
on the 24th of the previous April, thus depriving me of the 
stipend from the 1st January previous." 

Depending upon the enjoyment of this income until he 
should be settled in his new Parish, Mr. Bailey incurred debts 
to enable him to make a respectable appearance on his removai; 
to Annapolis. The disappointment of course compelled him 
to devise, if possible, some way of liquidating these debts. 

The Chaplainship of the garrison at Annapolis, however, 
had been held by the former Rector, and was considered as his 
riglit. This was simply just, because this clergyman was 
called upon to do the duties of his office in the fort. 

But on application, by one of the principal men in the 
Province, to the Governor in Mr. Bailey's behalf, the Governor 
replied, "that the Rev. Mr. Weeks, the instant he knew of Mr. 
Bailey's appointment as Missionary at Annapolis, applied to 
him for the Chaplaincy and obtained it." Nor were applica- 
tions to a succeeding Governor more successful, for Mr. Bailey 
says: "The Governor of this Province has been three times 
directed by the Society P. G. to give me the Chaplainship of 
29 



226 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1794. 

the garrison here," but without effect, " although he acknowl- 
edges in his letter to me that my claim is indisputable," 

In a letter, November 9, 1785, to Mr. Bailey, Dr. Mather 
Byles says: "Your letters of August 31, and November 
22d are safe in my hands. That to the Archbishop I have 
enclosed in one of my own, from which I have transcribed 
the following paragraph for your inspection : ' I enclose 
a letter from Mr. Bailey, the Missionary at Annapolis, who 
cannot yet obtain the deputation to that garrison. Mr. 
Weeks, who resides at Halifax, still enjoys that salary which 
belongs to the acting Chaplain of Annapolis; and which, as 
Mr. Neyle, the commissioned Chaplain, is settled in Eng- 
land, has for many years been justly esteemed as naturally 
and inseparably connected with that Mission. In return for 
this exertion of Dr. Breynton's influence with the Governor, 
Mr. Weeks has long oiHciated as the Doctor's Curate, without 
putting him to the smallest expense, and, even during his 
absence at this time, receiving no other reward, unless it be 
the precarious surplice fees of the Parish. So that, as the 
matter now stands, a Curate is actually supported for Dr. 
Breynton by money, which is the equitable property of Mr. 
Bailey. This, Sir, is the exact fact, fairly stated, and such a 
partial arrangement must be highly displeasing to your Grace. 
I make no apology for afresh recommending Mr. Bailey, as an 
oppressed man, to your powerful protection.' " 

Nearly two years after this IMr. Bailey writes to Rev. Dr. 
Peters in London: "I have heretofore informed you that I 
served almost two years the fifty-seventh regiment as Deputy 
Chaplain, without receiving the least advantage, the reason of 
which now appears. Mr. Weeks, not contented that I should 
perform the duty of Chaplain to the garrison for nothing, with 
the Chaplainship of this garrison must have the above regi- 
ment likewise; and that they might compel me to perform the 
duty of both, they procured my name to be inserted in the 
military returns." 

• The subject of our Memoir received from the Society £50 
sterling, which was afterwards reduced to £40, and from the 



1795.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 227 

Board of Trade £70, in all £110. This was afterwards some- 
what increased by income from glebe funds and a subscription 
of the Parishioners of £20. He says that his "predecessor, 
when articles of living were less than half the present price, 
had £320 sterling per annum." At that time the duties of 
Annapolis Parish must have been much less laborious than 
they were after Mr. Bailey had taken the charge. 

For reasons before stated, the expenses of living were lars^e. 
Perhaps, however, the Missionary there might have succeeded 
in making the annual expenses of his growing family fall 
within his scanty income. But a debt of some £50, incurred 
at the time of his removal from Cornwallis, and which he 
intended to pay from the salary of the Deputy Chaplainship 
of the 84th Regiment, hung over him. His creditor pressed 
him for payment; he threatened, if he did not comincMice a 
suit, and Mr. Bailey was obliged to withdraw £10, at intervals, 
from his inade(juate salary, in order gradually to extinguish it. 
His letters show how sorely this circumstance distressed him. 

At length, after twelve years delay. Governor John Went- 
worth, who was his classmate in college, was enabled, by an 
act of simple justice, to do him an essential service in conferring 
upon him the income of an ollice whose duties he had for so 
long a time discharged. 

The following is part of Mr. Bailey's letter to the Society: 
" Dec'r 15th, 1795. Permit me to present the Venerable So- 
ciety with my Notitia for the year past, as I am uncertain 
whether my letter of June last has been safely transmitted : — 
Baptisms, thirty-eight; Marriages, six couples; 
Burials six; New Communicants, eleven. 
. * * # # " We have been able for several months past to 
assemble in the new church at Clements. It is a very neat 
and decent building, fifty-two feet by thirty-four, with a gal- 
lery and steeple. It is but justice to mention the very liberal 
exertions of Capt. Ditmarsh and Mi-. Palamus towards com- 
pleting this church." 

Mr. John McNamarra, who had been brought up by Mr. 
Bailey from a boy, and had attained to positions of usefulness 
and respectability, died in 1798. Bishop Inglis, in a letter to Mr. 



228 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1808. 

Bailey, notices this event: " I very sincerely regret the death 
of Mr. McNanriarra, who was a very worthy, useful man. In 
him the conuuunity has sustained a considerable loss." 

Mr. Bailey had written to Bishop Inglis, giving an account of 
the disorderly proceedings of certain fanatics in and near An- 
napolis. The Bishop replied at some length in a letter marked 
by sound Christian counsel. In the course of it he says : " The 
fanaticism in the time of Charles I. was one principal cause 
of the dissoluteness that prevailed in the reign of Charles II.; 
and from which the nation has not yet perfectly recovered. 
* « In the year 1791 the New Lights made a prodigious 
stir, so that I thought it my duty to advert to them in the 
charge that I delivered at my Triennial Visitation that year. 
If you have that charge, you can see in it my sentiments on 
those points where they appear to be most irregular and vul- 
nerable." 

The Abstract of the Society for 1800 contains no report 
from Mr. Bailey, but speaks at length of "an enthusiastic and 
dangerous spirit among a sect in the Province of Nova Scotia, 
called New Lights. * * They have been more particularly 
troublesome in the parts about Annapolis, Granville, Wilmot, 
and Aylesford." 

The Abstract for the next year states that " Mr. Bailey had 
baptized during the year, 45 ; married, 3 ; buried, 3. Four had 
been added to the Communion. He requests some prayer 
books and religious tracts, which the Society have sent him." 

In 1806 it is stated in the Abstract, that " Mr. Bailey, the 
Missionary at Annapolis, has acquainted the Society, that, 
notwithstanding his advanced age, he has been able to per- 
form Divine Service every Sunday, besides doing duty at the 
Garrison, and occasionally visiting Clements. His Baptisms 
for the year are 43 ; Marriages, 7 ; Burials, 7. Communicants 
at Annapolis and Clements, 76. The female school, conducted 
by his daughter, consists of 34 scholars, 13 of whom are upon 
charity. They attend catechising on Wednesdays." 

Mr. Bailey was Rector of St. Luke's Parish, Annapolis, 
about twenty-five years, and died of a dropsy July 26th, 1808, 



1808.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 229 

aged seventy-sbc years, leaving a widow and three sons and 
three daughters. He retained his faculties, both of body and 
mind, in a remarkable degree, to the last.* 

Tt is a subject of regret with the compiler of this Memoir 
that he has been able to glean but a very few facts touching 
the last years of Mr. Bailey's life. His connection, for a quar- 
ter of a century, with a parish having the relative importance 
of Annapolis, must no doubt have given him a good degree of 
influence in Ecclesiastical matters in the western part of the 
Province of Nova Scotia, and the writer has reason to believe 
that he was loved and respected in the place of his residence. 
To the last, however, his temporal condition, remained unim- 
proved. He never was in possession of an income suflicient 
to maintain himself and family. Still, he was remarkable for 
the benevolence of his heart and the liberality of his hand. 
Though oppressed himself by want and debt, his hospitality 
never ceased to flow, and by this kindness of nature lie always 
retained the personal regard of all who knew him. 

To conclude the account of his family: — 

Mrs. Bailky died at Annapolis Royal, March 22d, 1818, 
aged seventy years. 

Charles Prrcv, the oldest son, was a remarkably handsome 
person ; and when the late Duke of Kent, father of the present 
Queen of England, was commander of the forces in Nova 
Scotia, he came on a visit to Annapolis, and observing this 
lad, among a number of others assembled to bid him welcome, 
he inquired who he was. This prince was so pleased with 
his person and address that he prevailed upon his father to 
allow him to take him under his own care, and to provide for 
him. Accordingly he first placed him in the Military Secre- 
tary's oflice, and subsequently gave him a commission in his 
own regiment, (the 1st Royals,) where he served with honor, 
till the breaking out of the American war, when the regiment 
was ordered to Canada, he then being a captain, high up on 
the list. He was killed at the battle of Chippewa, in Upper 
Canada. 

Rebecca Lavinia died at Annapolis Royal. 

* Mr. James Whitman's MS. letter, Nov. 30th, 1847. 



230 FRONTIER missionary; OR, [1808. 

Charlotte Maria is still living. 

Thomas Henry had the appointment of Barrack Master 
and Staff Adjutant of Militia, which he held till his death. 
He died young, leaving a widow and three daughters. 

William Gilbert was a lawyer, and did a great business. 
He also died young, and left a small family. 

Elizabeth Anna married Mr. James Whitman. 

Mr. Bailey was below the middle stature. A side view of 
his countenance is furnished in the profile likeness prefixed to 
this Memoir, being the only portrait of him now in existence. 
Although his youth was occupied in the labors of a farm, and 
he lived beyond the " three score years and ten" allotted to 
man, yet we fijid him speaking frequently in his writings of 
his slender constitution. His love of learning caused him to 
surmount many obstacles in order to improve his mind, and 
the advantages he finally enjoyed were without doubt well 
improved. He strove hard to acquire knowledge, and wrote 
much, and especially at various times no small amount of 
poetry. Without attributing to him the possession of genius, 
he may be said to have been a man of a fair degree of talent 
and of a large amount of various information. 

The abilities which the subject of this Memoir possessed 
were industriously employed, for he was always busy. Many 
of his writings have been lost, but enough remain to show 
how continually his early practice of using the pen was fol- 
lowed throughout his life. These writings are of a very mis- 
cellaneous character. His journals and letter books which 
now exist have furnished the greater part of the materials of 
the foregoing biography. Beside these are a MS. History of 
New England, comprising an account of its natural produc- 
tions and topography, extending to some two hundred pages ; 
a Description of the present Province of New Brunswick, with 
an Account of the Sufferings of the American Loyalists, who 
were transported thither; Dramatic Sketches, principally of a 
political cast ; and two or three MS. School Books. Much 
of his poetry has been preserved. " The Farewell to Kenne- 
beck," with the exception of some stanzas, highly charged with 
politics, has been given in Note K. In the opinion of the pre- 
sent writer this production has considerable merit. But he 



1808.] LIFE OF REY. JACOB BAILEY. 231 

has not been able to find, among his other poetical efforts, any 
which he thinks are to be compared with this. The ancient 
maxim that " a poet is born such, while an orator can be made" 
by industry, contains probably more truth than is generally 
supposed, and a propensity for versifying has doubtless been 
often mistaken for that natural poetical gift vouchsafed to but 
very few in any century. 

A number of Mr. Bailey's sermons have been carefully ex- 
amined by the writer of this volume. From various causes 
many of these MS. are imperfect in the loss of some, and in 
a few instances nearly all their contents. This of course ren- 
ders it the more difficult to express an opinion respecting them. 
Besides, those which have entirely perished might have been 
on totally different subjects from those which have been pre- 
served. Of those examined many are of an historical charac- 
ter, illustraling either some particular incidents, or the lives of 
persons mentioned in the Bible; a few are Thanksgiving Ser- 
mons, on various occasions ; some are aimed at specified vices; 
some are designed to enforce the Christian virtues, and some 
are devoted to the instruction furnished by events in the Sa- 
viour's life. A few are either directly based on some of the 
Fasts and Festivals of the Church, or refer to them. But, as 
before stated, so large a portion of many of them is lost, that 
it becomes dilHcult to judge of these discourses from the frag- 
ments that remain. This, however is evident, that they do 
not exceed contemporaneous sermons in close application of 
Gospel truth, or in pungent appeals to the hearer. 

Whatever may be asr^igned as the cause, it is very certain 
that the eighteenth century witnessed a coldness and deadness 
in religion truly lamentable. This characterized all bodies of 
Christians, nor did a favorable change become widely estab- 
lished till within the last forty years. Now, it is to be hoped, 
that while the truths of natural religion are enforced, the Gos- 
pel of Christ is faithfully preached by the majority of ministers 
in Protestant countries. 

It is abundantly apparent that Mr. Bailey entered warmly 
into politics. Considering his situation this can cause no sur- 
prise. On his visit to England for Holy Orders he saw, among 



232 FRONTIER missionary; or, [1808. 

other things, evidences of the great military and naval power 
of that nation, and the opportunities he had of meeting with 
the dignitaries of the established Church, and other circum- 
stances, strengthened, no doubt, the loyalty which all Ameri- 
cans felt at that time. He was a recipient of the bounty of a 
Church of England Missionary Society to an extent that to 
him must have seemed large. That Society, pitying the des- 
titute condition of a poor and ignorant people in America, en- 
tirely neglected by their countrymen, who seemed to be willing 
to let the whole Kennebec valley either sink into infidelity or 
become the prey of Popish Missionaries, that Society could 
. send its sympathy and aid across the Atlantic, and the subject 
of this Memoir was the agent for carrying out its benevolent 
designs. The people of his charge were poor and their learn- 
ing was scanty. They were also a very heterogeneous collec- 
tion. A small number of persons, however, consisting mainly 
of officers of the county court and lawyers, might furnish him 
with better society. But while some of these were estimable, 
others were far otherwise. The latter harrassed and persecuted 
him, and exerted themselves to destroy the Church, of which 
he was the minister. 

The differences between the mother country and America 
increased. Yet there is satisfactory evidence that after mat- 
ters had proceeded to considerable lengths, some of the most 
prominent of the American patriots contemplated only a re- 
dress of grievances, and had no desire or serious thought of 
independence. 

It is very easy to perceive that Mr. Bailey, who had wit- 
nessed the wealth and vast warlike means that Great Britain 
possessed, and therefore knew her power, must be confident 
that the parent country could easily conquer her revolted colo- 
nies. The Revolution, therefore, in his view, was little short of 
madness. Nor could he be favorably iinpressed with the char- 
acter of some of the leaders of the revolt in his region. They 
were men of but little learning or refinement. Some of them 
disclaimed all religious obligation. Many excesses took place 
in these eastern regions, and if arguments failed to convert a 
Tory, the tender mercies of a mob would not be effectual. 



1808.] LIFE OF REV. JACOB BAILEY. 233 

The Missionary saw and felt that men raised to power in his 
neighborhood, nnder the new order of things, abused that 
power to gratify old personal grudges. Receiving his main 
support from a Church Society in England, doubtless he feared 
that should the Revolution be successful, that support would 
be cut off, — he would be obliged to abandon his charge, the 
labor and anxiety of so many years would be entirely lost, and 
the Church, of which he was minister, become extinct. 

When Ave contrast the treatment received by the Tories in 
Boston, and other large places, with the persecutions which 
the friends of Great Britain underwent in the eastern parts of 
the Province, we cannot fail to see that the officials of the 
latter region grossly abused their power, and made personal 
hatred, rather than tlie retjuireinoits of public safety, the meas- 
ure of their severity. It was desirable, no doubt, that all 
parts of the country should be united in opposition to the 
measures of Great Britain, and men were to he drafted from 
every town in tlu; Province to fill up the Continental army. 
Aside from this, it could be of little practical importance 
whether the county of Lincoln was loyal or rebellious. A 
vast wilderness intervened between it and any of the loyal 
Colonies. Nor could it in any way be a barrier to attacks 
from the English from those quarters. British troops occupied 
Castine more than four years, till the end of 1783. There 
was nothing to prevent the enemy from taking possession of 
Kennebec if he were so disposed. An apology for a fort 
near the mouth of the river, armed with one cannon, which 
had been an alarm gun at Fort Frankfort,* was the only hinder- 
ance to a British fleet that might see fit to sail to its head of 
navigation. 

The gratification of personal animosity, then, on the part of 
some of the Whig leaders in Lincoln County, rather than an 
enlightened and honest love of liberty, appears to have excited 
them to measures which would not have been tolerated in the 
more populous parts of the same Province. This could not 



*Mr. Bailey says that this fort was "a wooden block house, with one gun, a four 
pounder." 

30 



234 FRONTIER MISSIONARY. [1808. 

but be known and felt by Mr. Bailey and his political friends. 
And making all due allowance for the weakness of human 
nature, knowing how prone it is to resent injustice and op- 
pression, we think that the facts before stated, while they do 
not prove to be a sufficient vindication of Mr. Bailey's political 
course, may still mitigate the censures which any may be 
disposed to pass on an American, who did not feel the injus- 
tice which Great Britain was showing to his country, and 
therefore did not exercise his influence on what we all now 
agree to have been the right side. 



NOTES. 



NOTE A. 

[Page ■>.] 



In the " History of Rowley, etc., by Thomas Gage ; 1840," 
is a " Genealogical Register of the Families of some of the 
First Settlers of Rowley." The first on the list is — 



Bayley. 

1. James and Lydia. Had four sons ; John^ born 1642 
James, 1650 ; Thomas, 1653 ; Samuel, 1658. 

2. John and Mary (Mighill). Three sons; Nathaniel, born 
1675 ; Thomas, 1677 ; James, 1680 ; and two daughters. 

3. Nathaniel and Sarah (Clark). Five sons; Joseph, born 
1701: Nathaniel, 1703; Josiah, 1705; David, 1707; Samuel, 
1709; and two daughters. 

4. David and Mary (Hodgkins). Seven sons; Jacob, born 
1731; David, 1735; Pierce, 1738; Amos, 1740; John, 1741; 
Nathaniel, 1743; Ezekiel, 1748.— p. 438. 

The father of the subject of this biography was one of the 
seven deacons of the First Congregational Church in his na- 
tive town. — p. 24. 

The writer of the above-named History, gives the name of 
the family as Bayley. But as the subject of this Memoir uni- 
formly spelt his name Bailey, and as his immediate relatives 
and his descendants did the same, this form of the name has 
been adopted in this work. 



236 NOTES. 

NOTE B. 

[Page 70.] 

As the interesting facts, mentioned in this and the preced- 
ing paragraph, have never, (so far as the writer is aware,) been 
distinctly stated by any historian, it is proper that the author- 
ity which substantiates those facts, should be given. They 
form not only a part of the annals of the Episcopal Church 
in this country, but they are a portion of the history of the 
United States. 

Williamson, who has given, in his History of Maine,* the 
most detailed account of this colony, says of the colonists : 
" They left the ships, August the llth,f and, assembling on 
the shore, returned public thanks to Almighty God, and lis- 
tened to a sermon adapted to the occasion." Bancroft says :| 
" The adventurers reached the coast of America, near the 
mouth of the Kennebec, and offering up public thanks to God 
for their safety, began their settlement under the auspices of 
religion." " Purchas§ makes the following statement : An. 1607, 
was settled a Plantation in the River Sagadahoc, || the Ships 
called the Gift and Mary and John being sent thither by the 
famous English lusticer, Sir lohn Popham and others. * * 
They chose the place of their Plantation at the mouth of Sa- 
gadahoc, in a Westerly Peninsula : there heard a Sermon, read 
their Patent & Laws & built a Fort. * * * The people 
seemed affected with our men's devotions, 6c would say that 
King Iames is a good King, his God a good God, and Taiito 
naught, so they call an evil spirit which haunts them every 
Moone, and makes them worship him for feare. * * On 
February the 5, the President died. " 

The compiler of this Memoir, although well satisfied in his 



* Williamson's History &c. , i. p. 198. 

t An error in the date, see post. 

i History U. S. 13th Ed. i. p. 208. 

^ Purchas' Pilgrims, London, 1626, Vol. v. p. 830. 

II Sagadahoc is the proper name of the river from Merry Meeting Bay to the sea. 
The Kennebec and Androscoggin unite at this Bay, and thence take the first-men- 
tioned name. 



NOTES. 237 

own mind, from various reasons, that a minister of the Church 
of England accompanied this expedition, (as was the case with 
the first colony which a few months before settled the present 
State of Virginia,) still supposed it to be nearly impossible to 
establish this fact beyond a doubt, and entirely so to recover 
the name of the Clergyman, after the lapse ofn(>arly two and a 
half centuries. He had stated his reasons in a note, when, just 
as this work was ready for the press,* he accidentally discovered 
that there was an ancient document in existence which would 
furnish him with much information desired on this point. 
This document forms one of the Volumes published by the 
"Hakluyt Society," London: 1849, and is copied from a man- 
uscript in the Sloane Collection, No. 1622, in the British 
Museum. The larger part of this contemporary narrative was 
contributed by the writer of this Memoir to the Massachusetts 
Historical Society, and was published in Volume 1., Fourth 
Series of their Collections. An extract also appeared in the 
third Volume of the Maine Historical Collections, 
The title of the second part is as follows: — 

THE SECOND BOOKE 

or THK riRST decapk of the iiistorie of Travaile into 
VIRGINIA BRITTANIA, entreating of the first Dis- 
coverers OF the Country, and of the first Colonie, 
transported by S"! Richard Greenvile, Knight upon the 
Island of Roanok, at the expence and charge of S"! Walt : 
Raleigh Knight. 



As also of the northern Colonie, seated upon the 
River of Sachadehoc, transported An'^ 1585, at the charge 
of S'' John Popham, Knight, late Lord Chiefe Justice of 
England, gathered by WILLIAM STRACHEY, GENT: 

PSAL. CII. VER. 18. 

"This shalbe written for the Generation to come: and the people wc'» shalbo 
created shall praise the Lord." 

* In 18.50. 



238 NOTES. 

(In the title to "the first Booke," the writer says "collected 
BY William Strachey, Gent: 3 yeares thither imployed 
Secretarie of State, and of Counsaile with the right 
honorable the Lord La-warre, his MA'^'f^ Lord Gouerno'"- 
AND Capt: Generall of the Colony.") 

In 1606 a ship was despatched to the northern parts of 
America by some members of the Plymouth Company, under 
command of Capt. Chalons. 

This ship, which carried thirty-one men and two of the 
Indians whom Weymouth had delivered to Sir F. Gorges, 
was taken by a Spanish fleet, and carried to Spain, where she 
was condemned. After mentioning this discouraging circum- 
stance, the Strachey account proceeds: " Howbeit the late 
Lord Chief Justice would not for all this hard hansell and 
Spanish mischief give over his determinacon for planting of 
a Colony w'^'in the aforesaid so goodly a country upon the 
River of Sachadehoc, but against the next year prepared a 
greater number of Planters and better provisions, w'='' in two 
shipps he sent thither, a Fly boat called the (lift of God, 
wherein a kinsman of his, George Popham, comanded and a 
»ood shipp called the Mary and John of London, wherein 
Raleigh Gilbert comanded, w''' w"' 120 persons for Planters 
brake ground for Plymouth in June 1607." 

" A'Ui^. 1. * * They hoisted out their bote, and the Pilott, 
Capt. R. Dauies w*'^ 12 others rowed into the Bay wherein 
their ship road, and landed on a galland Island." 

"/l//^^. 9. Sonday the chief both the the shipps w"' the 
greatest pt of all the Company landed on the Island where the 
crosse stood, the w'^'' they called S' George's Island, and heard 
a sermon delivered vnto them by Mr. Seymour, his preacher, 
and soe returned abourd againe." 

Leaving St. George's Island they stood for the Kennebec. 
A violent storm nearly caused the shipwreck of both vessels. 
Before reaching their destination they were driven somewhat 
to the south-westward and were a part of the time in Casco 
Bay, whose leading features are described in the account. 

" J.W"". 15. * * Came to the eastward, and found the 



NOTES, 239 

Island of Sutquin,* and anchored vnder y^, for the wynd was 
of the shoare, by w'^'' they could not gett into Sachadehoc, yett 
Capt. Popham w"' the Fly boat gott in/' 

" Aug-. 16. # * in the morning Capt. Popham sent his 
shallop to helpe in the Mary and John, w*"'' weyed Anchor, and 
being calme was soone towed in and Anchored by the (jiiifts 
side." 

" Aug-. 18, they all went ashoare and there made choise of a 
place for their Plantation at the mouth or entry of the Ryver 
on the west side (for the River bindeth y^seif towards the Nor- 
east and by east) being almost an Island of a good bignes, 
being in a province called by tlie Indians Sabino, so called of 
a Sagamo, or chief Commander under the grand Bassaba." 

" Aug. 19, Ihey all went ashoare where they had made choise 
of their Plantation, and there they had a Sermon delivered 
vnto them by their preacher, and after the Sermon the Presi- 
dent's Comission was read w"* the Lawes to be observed and 
keept, George Popham gent was noiated President, Capt. Ra- 
leigh Gilbert, James Dauies: Ri: Seymer preacher, Capt. Ric 
Dauies, Capt Harlow, the same who brought away the Saluad- 
ges at this tyme shewed in London from the River of Canada, 
were all sworne Assistants ; and soe they returned back 
againe." 

" Aug. 20. All went to shoare againe, and there began to 
entrench, and make a Fort and to buyld a storehouse, contyn- 
ewing the 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 20, 27." 

******* 

" Octo. 4. Then came 2 canoas to the Fort in w'^'^ were Na- 
hamada and his wife, and Sl^wares, and the Bashabaes 
brother, and one other called Amenequin,a Sagamo, all of whom 
the President feasted and entertayned w"^ all kindness, both 
that day and the next, w*^" being Sondaye the President carried 
them to the place of publike prayers, w*^'' they were at both 
morning and evening, attending y' with great reverence and 
silence." 



* Seguin. 



240 NOTES. 

" Octo. 6. * * * After Capt Dauies departure* they fully 
finished the Fort, trencht and fortefied y* w*'' 12 pieces of Ordi- 
nance, and built 50 houses therein, besides a Church and a 
Storehouse, and the Carpenters framed a pretty Pynnace of 
about some 50 tonne, w*^'' they called the Virginia, the chief 
shipwright being one Digby of London." 

This contemporary account establishes the fact that this 
colony had a clergyman of the Church of England in their 
number, that he was their chaplain, was sworn as one of the 
assistants, and regularly officiated in the church built within 
their fort. It also gives his name. The common notion that 
Plymouth, in Massachusetts Bay, was the first place in which 
any kind of Protestant religious worship was steadily kept up, 
is evidently unfounded. Thirteen years before a landing was 
made on " Forefathers' Rock," the wilderness of Maine echoed 
to the sound of a pure and fervent liturgy.f 

It is desirable to correct a misapprehension which has pre- 
vailed to some extent, as to the precise spot on the Kennebec, 
(or Sagadehoc,) where this colony established itself. Wil- 
liamson J says: "Although, according to some accounts, they 
first went ashore on Erascohegan,^ or the western Peninsula; 



* In the Mary and John. 

t The present writer, while he wishes to show that members of the Church of 
England made provision at a very early date for the spiritual wants of colonies in 
America, and also of the savages among whom those colonies were founded, has no 
disposition to keep out of sight the pious endeavors of any other Christians to pro- 
mote the same great end. It is only since these pages have been prepared for the 
press that it has come to his knowledge that Protestant worship and preaching were 
continued for some time previous to P^ham's expedition, in a locality within the 
present State of Maine. 

The tolony of De Monts has been spoken of, p. G8. It was made up of Romanists 
and Pn)testants. Among the latter was L'Esarbot, who was a Huguenot. He kept 
a journal, which was afterwards published. In the " little chapell, built after the 
sauage fashion," L'Esarbot gave public religious instruction to the colonists on 
Sundays and other times. The name of this worthy man should not be suffered to 
sink into oblivion. He undoubtedly labored faithfully in his endeavors to promote 
the interests of religion, and whatever may have been his success, of which we are 
not informed, he has connected his name in the most desirable manner with the his- 
tory of ancient " Acadia," and will hereafter receive the commendation of " good and 
faithful servant" from that Master whose religion he sought to promote. 

j History of Maine, i., p. 198. 

§ Now Parker's Island. 



NOTES. 241 

yet it is believed they finally disembarked upon an island two 
hundred rods eastward, called Stage Island, supjjosed by them 
to be better situated for all the conveniences of trade with the 
natives and of navigation through the year." * * He acknowl- 
edges that they afterwards, for various reasons, removed to 
" the south-east side of a creek, near what is now called Atiiins' 
Bay, which stretches west into the land half a league, and 
forms a peninsula at the southerly corner of the present" [town 
of] " Phipsburg." Here, he says, "a few slender cabins were 
built and a fortification erected." 

The present writer has taken considerable pains to ascertain 
where the idea, that this colony first landed on an island, origi- 
nated. The earliest book he has met with in which the state- 
ment occurs, is " The History of the District of Maine, by" 
[Gov.] "James Sullivan," published in 1795. He says, p. 53, 
"they spent a miserable winter, principally on an island called 
Stage Island." At page 174, he states: " Tradition assures us 
that Popham's party made their huuliiig on the island, now 
called Stage Island, and as there are remains of an ancient fort 
on Cape Small Point, and wells of water of long standing, 
with remains of ancient dwelling-houses, so it may be con- 
cluded that the Plymouth fort was at that place."* Four pages 
previously the historian had said: "On the west side of the 
river are the remains of an old fort made of stone and earth ; 
there are also eight old walls now to be seen, and the ruins of 
several houses. Whether these buildings were erected by the 
English or French is uncertain ; but the probability is that the 
former were the erectors of the works." At pages 169 and 170 
the following statement occurs : " On an island already spoken 
of, called Stage Island, was the landing place of Popham's 
party. * * Ogilby, in his Collection, which he made in the 
year 1671, says that they landed on the west side of the river 
and there began a plantation." 

It will be perceived that tradition alone is assigned as au- 



* " As early as 1642 the Plymouth Company, who had a grant of land on the Ken- 
nebec, erected a fort and trading; house at Georgetown. By some it is supposed that 
this fort was at Small Point, and by others at Sagadahock Bay." — Maine Historical 
Collection, ii., p. 200. 

31 



^42 NOTES. 

thority for the statement of this colony landing in the first 
place upon an island. Yet tradition appears to have been 
utterly at fault in pointing out the locality of the fort built by 
the Plymouth company thirty-seven years after the departure 
of Popham's colony. Besides, the description of the remains 
of an old fort on the west side of the river existing in 1795, 
indicates that that fortress was built by persons of European 
notions as to the strength of fortifications, rather than by the 
colony at Plymouth, Mass., who would doubtless deem block 
houses, built of timber, to be sufficient. Tradition is not uni- 
form on this point. In Massachusetts Historical Collections, 
Vol. i., 252, a writer contends that Parker'' s Island was the first 
landing place of Popham's colony. Certain indications of 
early settlers are to be found even at the present day upon 
Stage Island. AVhy may not these have been what was left 
by the garrison established by the Plymouth Company, whose 
locality is now confessedly unknown ? It will be observed in 
one of the quotations made from Sullivan's History, that 
although he makes the distinct assertion that the island he 
names was the landing place of Popham's party, yet that 
shortly after he quotes Ogilby as stating, in 1671, that this 
party landed on the west side of the river. Ogilby agrees 
with all the ancient writers, (for it is only modern historians 
who have assigned this varying tradition as their authority.) 
Thus Purchas, before quoted, " In a Westerly Peninsula." 
And the Strachey MS. says: "they all went ashoare, and there 
made choise of a place for their Plantation at the mouth of 
the Ryver on the West side, * * being almost an Island, 
of a good bignes." 

In the autumn of 1852 the writer of this Memoir, in compa- 
ny with a friend, visited the locality spoken of, and indicated 
on the map, opposite page 77, by the figure 1. Standing upon 
high ground, near the centre of it, he saw at once that the 
phrase " being almost an Island, of good bignes," was a very 
accurate description. And from a pretty thorough examina- 
tion of this peninsula, it seemed as if the precise situation of 
the fort built by these early colonists might almost be settled. 
Conspicuous to all who enter or leave the mouth of the Ken- 



NOTES. 2-43 

nebec, is a two story dwelling-house, bujlt. by Major Shaw, 
standing a few rods from the sea coast, and not far distant 
from the river just named. Near this house is a crescent- 
shaped pond of fresh water, covering about five acres of 
ground. The land rises some forty feet on the north of this 
pond, and then descends by an easy slope to the water of 
Atlvins' Bay, giving sufficient space for the erection of a fort 
containing "fifty houses, besides a Church and a Storehouse." 
A large supply of fresh water would evidently be needed for 
such an establishment as this. At the present day the water 
in the wells on the peninsula is more or less brackish, which 
in all probability has always been the case. Such a pond, 
then, would be of great value to a fortress. This fact, and 
the adaptation of the land to such a building, seem to be deci- 
sive as to the locality of the fort. 

The satisfaction of being able to determine with a tolerable 
degree of accuracy, the precise spot where this, the earliest but 
one of the colonies in the Northern United States, passed a 
number of months, will, it is hoped, be a sufficient apology for 
the space devoted to the discussion of this question. While 
everything relating to this colony will no doubt prove interest- 
ing to members of the Protestant Episcojial Church, the addi- 
tion here made to the previous knowledge of it cannot be 
unacceptable to the student of American history. 



From some cause or other, historians have done but very 
scanty justice to the interest that some of the members of the 
Church of England took in providing for the spiritual welfare 
of those who attempted to colonize the then inhospitable re- 
gions of this western world. We have seen in this Note, that 
a colony of Episcopalians in Maine, with a clergyman of their 
Church as their chaplain, and as one of their " Assistants," 
preceded that of the Puritans in Plymouth by thirteen years. 
W^e now propose to show that another part of North America 
witnessed the celebration of divine worship, and the adminis- 
tration of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, /or/^-^z^'o years 
before the " Pilgrims" landed on these shores. 



244 NOTES. 

In the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Capt Martin Frobisher 
made three voyages to the continent of North America. In 
the attempt to discover a shorter passage to China than that 
by the way of the Cape of Good Hope, he strucii boldly for 
the west. He finally reached a point far north of Labrador, 
and in 63^ N. latitude discovered the straits which have ever 
since borne his name. He returned to England, and the next 
year a motley collection of miners, gold-finers, bakers, carpen- 
ters, and gentlemen, with thirty soldiers and forty seamen, 
were embarked on board of " fifteen sayle of good ships," 
which reached their former harbor in safety in the summer of 
1578. Before sailing from England certain regulations for the 
guidance of the adventurers were drawn up, of which what 
follows is an extract: — 

" Articles and orders to be obserued for the Fleete, set down 
by Capt. Frobisher, Generall, &c. 

" I. Inprimis, to banish swearing, dice and card playing 
and filthy communication and to serue God twice a day with 
the ordinary seruice of usuall in the Churches of England, and 
to clear the glasse* according to the old order of England." — 
Hackluyt, (Ed. 1600,) Vol. iii., p. 74. 

They arrived at their destination " upon the one and thirtieth 
of July." " Here every man greatly rejoiced of their happie meet- 
ing and welcomed one another after the sea manner with their 
great Ordinance; and when each partie had ripped up their 
sundry fortunes and perils past, they highly praysed God, and 
altogether upon their knees gaue him due, humble and hearty 
thanks, and Maister Wolfall, a learned man and appointed by 
her Maieties Councell to be their Minister and Preacher, made 
unto them a godly sermon, exhorting them especially to be 
thankfuU to God for their strange and miraculous deliuerance 
in those so dangerous places, and putting them in mind of the 
uncertaintie of man's life, willed them to make themselues 
always readie as resolute men to enjoy and accept thankfully 
whatsoeuer aduenture his diuine Prouidence should appoint. 
This Maister Wolfall, being well seated and settled at home 

* Hour glass. 



NOTES. ■ 245 

in his owne Countery, with a good and large lining, hauing a 
good honest woman to wife and very towardly children, being 
of good reputation among the best, refused not to take in hand 
this painfull voyage, for the only care he had to saue soules, 
and to reforme those Infidels, if it were possible, to Christian- 
itie : and also partly for the great desire he had that this nota- 
ble voyage so well begunne, might be brought to perfection : 
and tiierefore he was contented to stay there the whole yeare 
if occasion had serued, being in every necessary action as for- 
ward as the resolutest man of all. Wherefore in this behalfe 
he may rightly be called a true Pastor and Minister of God's 
word, which for the profite of his llocke spared not to venture 
his owne life." — Ibid., iii., 84. 

On the 30th of August, " Maister Wolfall * * preached 
a godly sermon, which being ended, he celebrated also a Com- 
munion upon the land, at the partaking whereof was the Cap- 
taine of the Anne Francis, and many other ( Jentlemen and 
Souldiers, Mariners and Miners with him. This celebration 
of the dinine mystery was the first signe, scale and confirma- 
tion of Christ's name death and passion euer knowen in these 
quarters. The said M. made sermons, and celebrated the 
Communion at sundry other times in seueraille and sundry 
ships, because the whole company could neuer meet together 
at any one place." — Ibid., iii., 91. 

No American historian, it is believed, has noticed any of the 
above interesting facts respecting the religious features in this 
expedition, though some have spoken at length of Frobisher's 
voyages, as connected Avith the discovery and colonization of 
the American continent. 



A discovery of somewhat recent date, on an island near the 
shores of Maine, promises to give additional plausibility to the 
theory that the coasts of North America were visited by North- 
men some centuries before natives of England or France came 
hither. In 1808, a gentleman in Bath, Maine, communicated 
to the Rev. William Jenks, D. D., well known as an acconi- 



246 NOTES. 

plished Oriental scholar, a sketch of some singular characters 
found " on the side of a ledge of rock, near the middle of the 
little Island of Mananas, which is separated from Monhegan 
Island only by a narrow strait that forms the harbor of the lat- 
ter." At the annual meeting of the American Academy of 
Arts and Sciences, in May, 1851, Dr. Jenks made a communi- 
cation respecting the characters referred to. Since that time 
an accurate transcript has been made of the inscription. The 
characters are eighteen in number, and Dr. Jenks has now no 
doubt that they are Runic in their origin. As in the case of 
the inscription on the rock at Dighton, Mass., "only some six 
or seven characters are claimed to be Runic, or even Phoeni- 
cian, Punic, or forejgn," should it be established beyond a rea- 
sonable doubt that this inscription at Monhegan is Runic, the 
State of Maine will present greater claims to the interest of the 
historian and antiquary than has heretofore been allowed to it. 
Dr. Jenks says, in Hayward's Gazetteer, p. 64: " We cannot, 
perhaps, venture to assert that the coast had never been visited 
by Europeans before the voyage of Cabot, or those of the 
Spaniards, who, with the French, seem to have been upon it 
at an early date. But on a small island very near Monhegan, 
was discovered in 1808, ari inscription of rather a curious kind 
made on the side of a rock. It might possibly countenance 
the hypothesis, which has of late been entertained with so 
much approbation and interest by the Danish antiquaries, that 
America was visited by Scandinavians or Icelanders, long be- 
fore Columbus. Yet the inscription seems to be too simple to 
be resolved into Runic characters. On the top of the rock 
were found three holes, about one foot apart, rather deeply 
perforated, and calculated to accommodate a tripod. The 
island is called Mananas, or Menannah, and is described by 
Williamson ; although so far as is known to the writer, the 
above inscription has never before met the public eye. It is 
the only one of which he has heard as existing in Maine ; and 
whether it were the result of mere idleness, or made to score a 
reckoning,* or has a meaning of a different kind, we will not 



* This rock is either granite or gneiss. Is it probable that any one would " score a 
reckoning " in so hard a substance ? ^ . 



NOTES. 247 

undertake to determine. The holes are an inch deep or more, 
and near three inches in diameter. The strokes are cut to 
the depth of nearly half an inch, and are about six inches in 
length, as our informant* stated. A spring is near, and the 
shore about thirty rods off. The ledge of rock is near the 
centre of the little island, and runs about N. NE. and S. SW." 



NOTE C. 

[Page 71.] 

"The ancient colony of New Plymouth, having met with 
many losses and discouragements in their trade at Kennebeck, 
in 1661 conveyed their lands to Antipas Bois, Edward Tyng, 
Thomas Brattle and John Winslow, with all the privileges of 
the Patent, for the sum of £400 sterling. 

"But the frequent wars and commotions which disturbed the 
Eastern country prevented these gentlemen and their heirs 
from making any improvements. And besides, this territory, 
being seldom visited, was generally esteemed only a barren 
tract, in a severe climate and a remote and wilderness country. 
At length, Mr. Samuel Goodwin, of Charlestown, (Mass.,) 
now Major Goodwin of Pownalboro', having obtained some 
intelligence from his ancestors concerning the above-mentioned 
purcl)^se, and having procured a twenty-fourth part from his 
father, engaged with resolution in the affair. But the original 
Patent, by which they were entitled to reassume the possession 
could not be found, and a majority of the proprietors imagined 
it lost beyond recovery ; it was therefore his first concern, to 
acquire, if possible, this necessary instrument; and it was with 
indefatigable industry, unwearied application, and a great 
expense, he was able to obtain proper intelligence of said 
Patent. After searching a multitude of Records, he found it 
in the hands of Samuel Wells, Esq., one of the Commission- 
ers for settling the bounds between the late Colony of Plymouth 
and that of Rhode Island. This Patent had been long con- 

* The late Major Joshua Shaw, of Bath, Maine. 



248 NOTES. 

cealed by an ancient woman with a view, it is presumed, of 
making some advantage to herself, or family, and it was finally 
wrested out of her possession by a stratagem, and delivered 
to the above Commissioners in order to assist in their deter- 
minations. Mr, Goodwin obtained an order from the General 
Court, directing Mr. Wells to resign the Patent, and having in 
this manner procured the original conveyance, prevailed with 
a number of gentlemen to be concerned by purchase, and Mr. 
Bowdoin, Vassal, Hancock, Dr. Gardiner, Hallowell, and other 
wealthy persons were engaged, and formed themselves into a 
company, and the first meeting was held, agreeable to a war- 
rant, in 1749. 

" Mr. Goodwin, by order of the proprietors, began his surveys 
in 1750, and continued in that employ through the whole sum- 
mer, notwithstanding the Indians, by their motions, had terri- 
fied all the inhabitants into garrison." 

The above is taken from a MS. History of New England, 
by Rev. Jacob Bailey. As he lived on terms of intimacy with 
Major Goodwin it is probable that he obtained his information 
from him. The following also occurs in the same "History, 
&c:'' "Towards the end of summer, 1751, a number of 
Protestants arrived at Boston from Germany, who had been 
enticed from their native country in consequence of pompous 
advertisements and specious promises. About fifty families 
of these strangers were prevailed upon by the Plymouth Com- 
pany to settle under their protection. They, with several 
others of Irish ar.d English extraction, were conducted to 
Kennebeck by Major Goodwin, where they began a settlement 
upon a commodious neck of land opposite to Richmond, and 
almost thirty miles from the ocean. 

" But before they could enter upon their voyage to the East- 
ward winter came on with uncommon severity, and it was 
with extreme difficulty they reached Fort Richmond, about the 
beginning of March, 1752. In order to secure the inhabitants 
of this new plantation, called Frankfort, from any disturb- 
ance, the Plymouth Company agreed to erect a fort about 
one mile and a quarter above Richmond on the eastern 
shore, near a famous carrying place from the Kennebeck into 



NOTES. 249 

Mundooscotoock, or Eastern River. This fortification was 
named Fort Shirley, in honour of the Governor; a wall of 
palisadocs enclosed a square of two hundred feet, two strong 
block houses, mounted with cannon were erected at opposite 
angles, and several barracks, for the reception of soldiers." 

Rev. Mr. Bailey states in a communication to the Boston 
Evening- Post, November 4th, 1773, that it had been asserted 
"that the first settlers of West Pownalboro' emigrated from 
Franckfort, in (Germany, but upon enquiry it appears tJiat not 
a single family came either from that city or its jurisdiction. 
It is true that six or seven families, chiefly of French Protest- 
ant?, who had been expelled France for their religion, issued 
from the neighbouring territories; several other Dutch Luther- 
ans were collected from the different parts of the Empire, to 
which we may add a number of families "from about Mount 
Billiard, who speak a dialect of the French." 

The following, extracted from Hawkins's "Missions of the 
Church of England," p. 356, is inserted here to show that 
emigrations from the same part of Europe just mentioned, 
were going on to other parts of the British American Colonies, 
and also that these emigrants readily conformed to the Church 
of England. " In 1752, Mr. Moreau" (a Missionary at Halifax, 
N. S.) "reported that 500 Protestants of the Confession of 
Augsburgh, recently arrived in Nova Scotia from Montbelliard, 
had joined thmselves to the Church of England, and desired 
to partake of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. They 
received copies of the Book of Common Prayer, in French, 
with the greatest satisfaction, which they showed by kissing 
the books and Mr. Moreau's hand as he distributed them." 



NOTE D. 

[Page 77.] 

It seems proper to record such information as is preserved, 
concerning the first Church Missionary that officiated east of 
Casco, (now Portland.) 
32 



250 NOTES. 

Of the time or place of his birth, we have no knowledge, 
nor do we know where he received his education. 

The first notice we have of him, is in the very laborious and 
correct edition of Smith's Journal, by Wm. Willis, Esq., of 
Portland, Maine. Mr. Willis says, on page 83, Note 1 : " In 
November, (173()) the Presbyterian party of the Irish emigrants 
in Portland, installed Rev. William McClanethan, a staunch 
supporter of that persuasion from the North of Ireland ; but 
they were unable to support him, and he went to Georgetown 
and Brunswick and finally to Chelsea" 

The following is copied from General Sewall's History of 
Bath, published in collections of Maine Historical Society, 
Vol. ii. p. 220. s. "The Church first established in the 
County of Lincoln, was at Georgetown. The members were 
Presbyterians. In 1734,* Rev. William McLanathan was or- 
dained as an evangelist, and officiated there until 1774. The 
house of worship was near the Mansion house of the late 
Major Lithgow where Mr. McLanathan usually officiated,! 
but whether Mr. McLanathan had the pastoral charge of the 
church, we are not informed." Divisions arose and two so- 
cieties were established. The Pastor of the second Society, 
having left Ihe place, Mr. Mac Lanathan ofliciated for both 
Societies one year, on a salary of .£200. 

In the Church Records of Chelsea, Mass. is the following: 
" Odo. 19th, 1747. Voted, that the town's Committee be 
desired to request and agree with the Rev. Mr. William Mc. 
Clenachan to preach for the further term of two months on 
probation." 

On the 13th of April, 1748, " Mr. Mc Clenachan was chosen, 
by a great majority. Colleague with the Rev. Thomas Cheever," 
Pastor of the Congregational Society in the above-named 
town. It is afterwards stated in the same Records that the 



*This date cannot be reconciled with the one previously given, 1736. The latter 
however, must be correct, as it occurs in a journal of daily occurrences, for many years 
kept by Rev. Thomas Sii ith, Pastor of the first Congregational Parish in Portland. 

t 1 here is reason to think that this building was not erected till many years after- 
wards, and then for the services of the Church of England. Major Lithgow's house, 
was built in 1766. 



NOTES. 251 

town had concurr(,'d with the Church in the above choice "by 
a very great majority." In the letter prepared to be sent to 
the Churches invited to assist in the installation of Mr. INIc. C, 
he is spoken of as "late of Blanford." The installation took 
place on the 21st December, 1748. * # * # 

"Dec. ISlh, 1754. The Church met by appointment. Rev. 
Mr. Mc. Clenachan desired the Ciiurch would dismiss him from 
his Pastoral relation to this Church, and insisted thereon. 
Upon which, voted, imanimously, not to dismiss him. 

'■'■ Dec. 2''jth, 17o4. The aforesaid Mr. Mc. Clenachan iiaving 
dissolved his relation to this Church, by leaving them contrary 
to the above vote, was received, confirmed,' and partook of 
the Lord's Supper under the establishment of the Church of 
England, by the Rev. Dr. Timothy Cutler." f 

On the 21st March, 175-"), Mr. Maclenachan was apj)ointed 
by the tSociety for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 
as their Missionary to the "Eastern Frontier of Massachusetts 
Bay," and his salary commenced from the Christmas preced- 
ing. He must have been in London previous to the former 
date, and have taken Orders in the Church of England. He 
did not, however, embark for America till August of that year. 
He landed in Boston, October 10th of that year, and remained 
there during the following winter, assigning as a reason for 
this course that he did not think it safe to carry his family, on 
the eve of winter, to the place of his Mission, where no house 
was provided for them. However, in May, 175G, he removed 
to Fort Richmond, using this ruinous structure, a part of the 
time at least, as an habitation. 

"The Society (P. G.) on complaint of his delays, had 
stopped his salary: but on his writing from his Mission, prom- 
ising diligence and expressing his hope to be continued, they 
restored it December 175G. And on his requesting, in June 
and October, 1758, to be removed, the Society ordered him 
XIO each time as an encouragement, fearing from his repre- 



* It can hardly be necessary to remind the intelligent reader that this is a mistake. 
As there was no Protestant Bishop in America until after the Revolution, of course 
confirmation could not be administered. 

t Rector of Christ's Church, Boston, Mass. 



252 NOTES. 

sentations Ihat a successor of sufficient resolution and activity 
could not easily be got." The people of Frankfort stated that 
he did not stay with them but till Dec. 1758.* He first went 
to Virginia, then to Philadelphia, "from which city he sent, 
June 22d, 1759, his first notification to the Society of his 
resigning his Mission; and desired to have his salary paid till 
midsummer, alleging that it wanted but two days of the time. 
This the Society granted of course: not suspecting that he 
had left the place of his Mission six months before, which he 
ought fairly to have told them. And thus he received his 
salary for four years and a half, besides gratuities of <£20, and 
were but two years and a half upon his post." 

Mr. Maclenachan thus left his Mission on the Kennebec with- 
out the usual notification to the Society of such an intention, 
and accepted an invitation to some church in Virginia, but 
omitted to go there, " though he had received such marks of 
favour, that he ought to think himself obliged to serve thera." 

Shortly after his arrival in Philadelphia, the Vestry of 
Christ Church in that city, chose him assistant to the Rector, 
Rev. Dr. Jenney. 

There being already one assistant in that Church, and one 
previously recommended as the second, the Rector declined to 
sign the application for a license to Mr. McL. and signified to 
the Bishop of London that he disapproved of the candidate. 

In answer to a letter of the Vestry of Christ Church, the 
Bishop of London wrote, March 26th, 1760, refusing to give 
Mr. McL. the license desired, for the reasons stated, whereupon, 
an application was made to the Archbishop of Canterbury, to 
obtain from him what had been desired. This was accompa- 
nied by a letter in Mr. McL's favor, from 18 Presbyterian Min- 
isters, convened in Philadelphia! To these documents. His 
Grace replied at some length in a letter to Mr. McL., under 
date of October 9th, 1760. 

In this letter he points out, (among other things,) the ex- 



* " Mr. Mac Clenachan officiated among us but a little while, viz. : from May, 1756, 
to Dec. 17'58." — Cojiy of a Petition lo the ISociety P. G., anions Rev. Jacob Buiky's 
Paper's. 



NOTES. 253 

treme indelicacy of applying to him in a matter which was 
entirely within the jurisdiction of the Bishop of London, and 
mildly, yet severely rebukes Mr. McL. for his conduct. The 
Archbishop says: "ought it not to give you a further distrust 
of your proceedings, that no one Clergyman of the Church of 
England in America, hath declared himself to approve them : 
and that the Convention of Clergymen which met at Philadel- 
phia last May, have strongly expressed their disapprobation of 
your behaviour both in that Convention and out of it; and 
have signified that they would not suffer you to preach in any 
of their pulpits ?" 

Mr. Maclenachan stated, in his letter to the Archbishop, 
" that he had been favoured with the occasional use of the 
State House in which to olliciatc, and was followed by a mul- 
titude of people of all denominations.*' Mr. Maclenachan is 
also said to have been the founder of St. Paul's Church, in 
Philadelphia. lie probably removed shortly after To New Jer- 
sey, for in a letter from the Rev. Colin Campbell, December 
26th, 1761, he laments " that his congregation at Mount Holly, 
which was very flourishing, has been hurt by some enthusias- 
tical people of Mr. Maclenaghan's party, who pretend that Mr. 
Maclenaghan is the only preacher of Christ in America, and 
all the rest are Antinomians." But from another letter, writ- 
ten about six months after, by Mr. Campbell, it appears that 
these people were " reduced to a sense of their sin in a cause- 
less separation, and are returning daily to their proper fold." 

The authorities for the statements in the first part of this 
Note have been given. For the facts in the history of Mr. 
Maclenachan, after his ordination in the Church of England, 
and for some of the language used in narrating them, I am 
indebted to a letter of Archbishop Seeker, published in the 
" True Catholic," No. LXII., p. 80, s. s., and No. LXIII., p. 
129, s. s. ; also to Rev. Dr. Dorr's " History of Christ Church, 
Philadelphia," p. 119, 120, 122, and Bishop Doane's " Sermon 
at the Consecration of St. Mary's Church, Burlington, N. J.," 
Dec. 23d, 1834, p. 15, Note *. 

That JMr. Maclenachan was a man of an ardent temperament 
is sufficiently obvious from the above sketch. His uncommon 



254 NOTES. 

powers of pulpit oratory, testified by his admirers and those 
who bore witness to the crowds who followed him, are also 
acknowledged in the traditions remaining of him in the town 
of Chelsea, where he passed six years. But these traditions 
are unfavorable to him in other respects. The WTiter has been 
assured by an aged and intelligent resident of that place, that 
when he was a boy it was said by the old people of the town, 
" that when Mr. Maclenachan was in the pulpit he ought 
never to come out of it, and when he was out of the pnlpit he 
ought never to go into it." The same person also stated that 
Mr. Maclenachan occasionally indulged in the excessive use 
of ardent spirits. Mr. Maclenachan had been settled as the 
colleaijue of Rev. Thomas Cheever. Mr. Cheever died at an 
advanced age in less than two years after this settlement. As 
he felt called upon in the last days of his life to join with 
others in "a petition to the General Court that they might be 
erected into a new Parish," * it is to be presumed that the con- 
duct of Mr. Maclenachan, even during the early years of his 
ministry in Chelsea, must have been very objectionable to the 
venerable pastor and some of his Christian brethren. We 
know not what induced Rev. Dr. Cutler to receive Mr. Mac- 
lenachan among his communicants. He, hov^ever, must after- 
wards have regretted his agency in promoting the change of 
Ml-. Maclenachan's religious relations. Nor was the time of 
experiencing this regret deferred till the troubles in Philadel- 
phia, occasioned by him in whom he had taken such an inter- 
est. For the Archbishop, in the letter to Mr. Maclenachan 
which has been spoken of, states that it " hath been reported 
that you had hired a house in Boston for a year, and that you 
attempted to procure a settlement in Dr. Cutler's Church till 
you were forbidden his pulpit." Mr. Maclenachan seems to 
have deliberately deceived his patrons in England, by obtain- 
ing from them a salary for a time in which no services were 
rendered. The influence of a clergyman of such a character, 
could not have been beneficial to any congregation, and while 
his residence on the Kennebec must have been irksome to his 



* Chelsea Town Records, Dec. 18th, 1749. 



NOTES, 



255 



pride, it may fairly be presumed that he did little to recom- 
mend the communion, of which he was a minister, to the peo- 
ple of his charge, or to promote the progress of morality and 
religion. 



NOTE D\ 

In the following, copied from an Almanac for 17G4, it will 
be seen that the usual way of travel in the region of the Ken- 
nebec was as stated in the text. " Long Reach," there named, 
is the present city of Bath, or, more strictly, that portion of 
the Kennebec River which passes in front of that city. The 
traveller could pursue his journey on land till he reached that 
place, when, if he wished to go further, he must take a water 
conveyance. The extract will also prove interesting, it is 
trusted, as enabling the reader to compare the way of travel- 
ling into. Maine a century since with that which now exists. 
At the present time a large steamboat leaves Boston for the 
Kennebec twice every week in the summer, while a railroad 
conveyance is aflbrdcd twice every day to the same region. 



ROAD FROM BOSTON EASTWARD. 



Lynn — Norwood, .... 

Salem— Pratt, 

Wenham — Porter, . . . 
IpHwicli — Treadwell, . . 
Newbury Bridge — Halo, . 
Newbury — Davenport, Choate 
Hampton Falls — Sanborn, . 
Greenland — Clark, . . . 
Portsmouth — Stood ley, Foss, 
Old York — Ingraham, . . 
Wells— Littlefield, . . . 
, Storer, .... 



Konnebunk — Kimball, . 
Arundel! — Patten, . . 
Biddeford— Ladd, . . 
Scarborough — Milliken, . 



-, Ring, 6 



8A Falmouth — Freeman, .... 
G New Casco — Butman, . . . 
Gd North Yarmouth— Mitchell, 
7h " " —Woods, Coffin, 
4.i Brunswick — Ross, 



-, Thompson, 



7 

6 

10 

4 



!) 

14 

2 

5 

2 

7 



Georgetown — Springer, .... 8 

Long Reach, by water, to 
Pownalborough — Lovejoy, ... 15 

Fort Western, 16 

Fort Halifax, 17 

Norrid^fewalk, 27 

Great Carrying Place, .... 30 
Chaudiere, Quebec. 



256 NOTES. 

NOTE E. 

[Page 79.] 

Petition to the Society for Propagating the Gospel in 
Foreign Parts: — 

"Reverend Sir: — We, the inhabitants of Franckfort on the 
Kennebeck River, beg leave to express our acknowledgments 
of the Society's goodness in sending a Missionary to this truly 
necessitous place, without the assistance of whose compassion 
we and our posterity are in danger of losing all sense of religion, 
or else of being seduced by Popish Missionaries, who not only 
have been industrious heretofore in these parts in seducing 
His Majesty's subjects and settlers upon this Frontier, but 
probably upon a peace will revive their attempts. We there- 
fore humbly pray the Society will be pleased to supply this 
Mission now vacant by the removal of the Reverend Mr. INIc. 
Clennachan, who indeed officiated among us but a little while, 
viz., from May, 1756 to December, 1758, though we did every- 
thing in our poAver to make his continuance easy. We are 
indeed very poor, being a frontier settlement, hitherto prevented 
from cultivating our lands to advantage by being exposed to 
the incursions of a barbarous enemy, yet we shall continue to 
provide for a minister to the utmost of our ability if the Ven- 
erable Society will please to send us one. Particularly we 
shall contribute at least as much as we have heretofore done, 
which, including the cultivated land and estate put into our 
former Minister's possession, was not less than twenty Xstlg. 
per annum. We have a glebe of two hundred acres of good 
land, and as soon as we enjoy the blessings of peace we prom- 
ise to build a Church and Parsonage house, and till that happy 
time comes we can have Richmond fort for a mansion house 
for the Minister, and the chapel belonging to the garrison for a 
church, and the farm round the fort for a glebe, which is already 
under cviltivation and very valuable. We hear one Mr. Bailey, 
a sober, prudent and well disposed young man, is willing to 
undertake this Mission, and with. the approbation of the Rev. 
Clergy of Boston will proceed to England for Holy Orders, 



NOTES. 



257 



and offers himself to this service. We pray the Society will 
favour this motion, as the gentleman, by what we can hear of 
him, will be likely to continue, and perhaps spend his days 
among us. 

Humbly hoping the Society's indulgence to this our request, 
we beg leave to subscribe ourselves. Rev. Sir, 

Your very distressed, tho' most obliged 

and obedient servants, 
Frankfort on Kennebeck river, | 
Nov. 24, 1759. j 
A true copy. 



Timothy Whiden. 

his 
Martin X Haley. 

mark. 
Abraham Wyinan. 
Samuel Marson. 
Stephen Marson. 
Simon Wyman. 
Elias Clieney. 
Abner Marson. 
Samuel Hinds. 
Mauris Wheeler. 

his 
Mark X Carney. 

mark. 
William Storey. 
Abiathar Kendall. 
Jonathan Bryant. 
Francis Ridall. 
Samuel Oldham. 

his 
Dennis X Loins, 
mark. 

liis 
Win.X Moor. 

mark. 
James Goiul. 
Jacques Bunyon. 
Peter Pechin. 
Frederick Pechin. 
George Pochard. 
Christopher Pochard. 

33 



Abraham Pochard. 
Adam Couch. 
Amos Paris. 
John Paris. 
Obadiaii Call. 
James Widden, Jr. 
Lazarus Noble. 
David Tliomas. 

his 
Joseph X McFarling. 

mark. 
Benj. Noble. 
Daniel Goodwin. 
James W^yman. 
John Henry Layer. 
John Peter Shoul. 
John Heron. 
John George Goud. 
Charles Estinay Houdlet. 
George Goud. 
Daniel Goud. 
Frederick Jacqueen. 
Ludovicus Cassimire Mayer. 
Philip Mayer. 
George Mayer. 
John McGown. 
Michael Stilphen. 
Thomas Low. 
John Andrews. 
Daniel Malbone. 
John Poc .ard. 
Philip Fought. 



258 NOTES. 

NOTE F. 

[Page 80.] 

The family of Mrs. Bailey were among the first in social 
rank in the then Province of New Hampshire. Her father 
was a physician, and also a colonel. At that day professional 
men were regarded with a degree of esteem and respect which 
has now to a great extent diminished and military office brought 
an extensive influence. Besides being the daughter of a gen- 
tleman so favored by position, the family of Mrs. Bailey, on 
the mother's side, consisted of individuals who became exten- 
sively known, or whose descendants performed important parts 
in the history of their country. It is thought proper by the 
writer to add the genealogy. He is indebted for it to J. Win- 
gate Thornton, Esq., of Boston, Mass., a descendant, who has 
prepared a very full and accurate genealogy of the Wingate 
family, which must be highly interesting to all persons of that 
name, or who are in any way connected with that family. 

Joshua Wingate, born at Hampton, N. H., Feb. 2d, 1669; 
married Nov. 9th, 1702,* Mary Lunt, of Newbury, Mass. (He 
commanded a company at the siege of Louisburg, C. B., and 
was afterwards for several years Colonel of Hampton Regi- 
ment of Militia. Died, Feb. 6th, 1769.) 

Children. 

1. Rev. Paine Wingate, m. Mary Balch. Harvard College 
1759 ; afterwards U. S. Senator, and Judge of Superior Court 
of New Hampshire. Died in 1838. 

2. Sarah, m. Dr. Edmund Tappan, of Hampton, N. H. 

3. Mary, m. Deacon Timothy Pickering, of Salem, Mass., 
father of Hon. Timothy Pickering, grandfather of Hon. John 
Pickering, the distinguished Lexicographer and Oriental 
scholar. 

4. Joshua, m. Dorothy Frees. 

5. Jane, m. Rev. Stephen Chase,f of New Castle, N. H. 



* Also Coffin's History of Newbury, p. 321. 
f Spoken of in the prerious Memoir, p. 12. 



NOTES. 259 

C. Abigail, m. John Stickney. 

7. Anna, m. Marston, of Hampton, N. H. 

8. Martha, born March 30. 1718, m. Dr. John Weeks^ of 
Hampton, N. IL, Nov. 10, 1737. 

9. Love, m. Rev. Nathaniel Gookin, of Hampton, N. H. 

10. Elizabeth, m. Dr. John Newman, of Newbury, Mass. 

11. John, born January 24, 1724-5 ; Har. Coll. 1744 ; died 
at Hampton, N. H., Sept. 4, 1812, unmarried. 

(8.) Martha Wi.ngate m. Dr. John Wkeks, Hampton, N. H. 

Children. 

1. Joshua Wingate, m. Sarali Treadwell. Rector of St. 
Michael's Church, Marblehead, Mass., &c. (Sec. 

2. Comfort, m. Dr. Coffin Moore. 

3. Martha, m. Benjamin Randall. 

4. Mary, m. Adon Nye. 2d husband — Brackett. 

5. Sarah, m. Rev. Jacou Bailey. 

6. John, m. Brackett. 

7. William, m. llaynes. 

8. Ward Cotton. 

9. Joanna, m. Folsom. 

10. Abigail, " dyed an infant." 



NOTE G. 

[Page 82.] 

From the following letter, it would seem that one Episcopal 
Clergyman at least penetrated into the remote and uncultivat- 
ed region of the Kennebec. The season of the year when 
this clergyman made this journey is generally so unpleasant, 
that we are the more surprised at his undertaking. 

« April 21st, 1763, 
George Town. 
" Rev'd Sir: — The Rev. Mr. Jas. Dormer, from So. Caro- 
lina, but last from Portsmouth and Casco, will call upon you 



260 



NOTES. 



in a few Days. A Brother Clergyman. He means upon the 
Estahlishment. As the Winter has been bad, (and conse- 
quently y'' Journey hither, ahuost, if not Altogether Impracti- 
cable,) He will otiiciate in his Journey at Go. Tou'7i, which 
may possibly be an Alleviation to you, &c. He will proceed 
to pay his compliments to you, and in the Interim 
Yr. Unknown Friend 

and Brother in Christ, 

Jas. Dormer. 
" N. B. — He produces Satisfactory Credentials to y® princi- 
pal People here, and takes not a Farthing for Services Done. 
" To The Rev. Mr. Bailey, at Poivnal Borough." 



NOTE H. 

[Page 104.] 

It is known that the portion of the Kennebec Valley, near 
Mr. Bailey's residence, had, in former years, been frequented 
more or less by Indians. The residence of the Sachem, Ken- 
nebis, from whom the river is supposed to have derived its 
name, " was upon Swan Island, in a delightful situation ; and 
that of Abbagadussett, between a river of his name and the 
Kennebeck, upon the northern borders of Merry meeting bay." * 
Both of these localities are within six miles of the former site 
of the Parsonage-house in Pownalborough. In the present 
town of Pittston, but a few miles further in another direction, 
two old burying grounds have been discovered. The mode of 
interring the bodies found in these places, shows conclusively 
that they were Indians.f 

These facts are mentioned as an introduction to the follow- 
ing extract from a MS. " Geographical description and Natu- 
ral History of the Eastern Country," written by the subject of 
this Memoir: — 

" On the Western side of the Kennebeck, about thirty-two 
miles from its exit, there is a round hill, which rises above the 

* 'Williamson's History of Maine, i., 467. Ibid., 493. 



NOTES. 261 

surrounding level near fifty feet perpendicular. The hill is 
one entire pile of stones, covered with herbage, and several 
stately oaks, w^hich make a fine appearance from the water. 
There is some probability that it was erected by art, and what 
conduces to confirm this opinion is that not a single stone is 
to be found on the adjacent plains. It is a noted retreat for 
serpents and other vermin ; and it is remarkable that two hills 
of a similar aspect, and the same materials, may be seen in 
Gardinerston, about three miles distant. It is conjectured 
that these were raised by the natives in former ages, as the 
monuments of some distinguisiied victory, or else were de- 
signed to cover the bodies of some mighty heroes." In a 
letter to Rev. Jeremy Belknap, 1). D., after having read the 1st 
volume of American Biography by that writer, INIr. Bailey 
says : " I had for more than twenty years been making collec- 
tions of everything curious respecting the original inhabi- 
tants, but in consequence of my compulsory emigration from 
Kennebec, I had the misfortune to lose most of my papers. # 
* * I have observed near the river Kennebec some appear- 
ances of Indian antiquity." He there describes the hills before 
mentioned nearly in the terms used in his IMS. " Geographical 
description." The additional particulars are, that this hill was 
" about forty rods from the river," was " nearly of a circular 
form, and its base may occupy half an acre," and that "the 
stones of which it is composed resemble the stones on the 
beaches of the river." He continues: "In Pownalborough, 
half a mile from the river Kennebcck, I enclosed three acres 
for a garden, in a situation rude, rocky, and broken, beyond 
expression. There was, however, a spot containing about half 
an acre, which had been cleared of stones at some distant pe- 
riod ; they had been thrown together on each side, and growing 
in these heaps were found hemlock trees of an enormous size." 



262 NOTES. 



NOTE I. 

[Page 110.] 



An expedition of eleven hundred men under Col. Benedict 
Arnold had been detached by Gen. Washington from the 
army at Cambridge, Mass., to enter Canada by the way of 
the Kennebec and Chaudiere Rivers, through the wilderness of 
Maine. That detachment in a number of small vessels entered 
the former river on the 20th September, 1775, and the same 
evening came to anchor opposite the fort in Pownalborough. 
About eight miles higher up, the transports in which the troops 
came were abandoned for batteaux, which had been built for 
them by Maj. Reuben Colbourn. Most of this army remained 
a number of days at Fort Western, in the present town of 
Augusta, before commencing their fatiguing and dangerous 
journey. Mr. Bailey's Journal for September of this year is 
in existence. Entries are made against every day to Sunday 
17th, inclusive, when it seems that he had a congregation of 
72 persons. The remaining week is left blank. On Sunday, 
24th, 60 persons attended Divine Service. The following 
week is also left blank. The Journal of the next month is as 
full as usual. In a MS. History of the Eastern Country, Mr. 
Bailey gives a tolerably full account of Arnold's expedition 
after the arrival of the soldiers in Kennebec, but his statements 
do not vary much from other narratives. As blanks are left 
in his Journal, as above noted, on the days when the troops 
were in his neighborhood, he probably absented himself from 
his house, and his information must have been derived from 
other persons. 

In the "History" above-named, Mr. Bailey says, just before 
giving the account of the expedition against Canada: "It was 
not long before that party of Norridgewocks, which Colbourn 
had allured to the army, quitted their station in disgust and 
returned to Kennebeck, finding more satisfaction in ranging 
the streams and the forests than in all the boasted freedom of 
Congresses and Continental armies." 

This contemporary statement confirms an account given to 
the writer of the present Memoir some years since, by one of 



NOTES. 263 

the oldest settlers in Kennebec. His account was communi- 
cated to S. G. Drake, Esq., and is noticed in " The Book of 
the Indians," Eighth Edition, Boston: 1841. Book iii. p. 156. 



NOTE J. 

[Page llT.l 

" On the 7th of October another special court was convened 
at Pownalboro' for the trial of Tories, when Mr. Jones and 
eight others belonging to Vassalboro', with Mr Blanchard, 
of Woolwich, were brought prisoners before the above-men- 
tioned judges. Mr. Langdon undertook to plead in favor of 
the criminals, and his character being so distinguished in the 
present times, the court readily admitted him to engage, con- 
ceiving that so strenuous an advocate for American measures 
could offer nothing disagreeable to their Honors. 

" But in this opinion they quickly perceived themselves mis- 
taken, for Langdon, in his applications to the jury, discovered 
an inclination to humanity and justice, for which friendly 
exertions he received a most severe reprimand both from Bow- 
man and Arnold; the former even threatened him with the 
lawless vengeance of a mob. 

"The first person admitted to trial was one Mr. Ballard 
against whom there appeared nothing but a few words express- 
ing his attachment to the King and government, under which 
he was educated. The matter being debated with great 
solemnity and illnature by the court, it was at length commit- 
ted to the decision of the jury, as an affair of the utmost 
importance to the security and salvation of the country. The 
jury would have presently found this harmless person guilty 
of treasonable designs against the American States, and have 
sentenced him to a perpetual expulsion from his estate, his 
family, and his friends, had not Mr. John Patten, his brother 
and son been more compassionate than the rest. This worthy 
man alleged that he could not, without offering violence to 
integrity and conscience, consent that a neighbour should be 
sent several thousand miles into banishment for no other crime 
than a few expressions unfavourable to our publick proceed- 



264 ^ NOTES. 

ings. Both parties were, however determined not to resign 
the contest, but marked the altercation with mutual obstinacy 
for twenty-two hours. In the conclusion they presented them- 
selves before the court and desired their interpretation of this 
question : ' Is speaking a few exceptionable words counter- 
acting the struggles of the American States for freedom?' 

" The judges all replied that every inadvertent word, or any 
expression that tended to censure the American measures was 
certainly counteracting them, except Justice North, who added 
that 'even thinking or conceiving that the publick administra- 
tions were unjust or injurious, was evidently a crime which de- 
served the severe sentence of transportation.' Such stupid and 
iniquitous decisions as this must excite the indignation of every 
honest man, and inspire the most hearty contempt of the present 
government, and plainly evinces that it is founded in absurdity 

and cruelty. These explanations of the law gave no 

satisfaction to the Pattens, but rather confirmed them in their 
opinion. The elder endeavouring to support his sentiments by 
some quotations from the Gospel, was silenced by a quick 
reply from Justice Hobly: 'Sir, we have nothing to do with 
Scripture in this place, but must form our determinations 
agreeable to the laws of the state!' The judges, perceiving 
that they had not a jury agreeable to their designs, dismissed 
the court, and though Mr. Jones and the other prisoners had 
been at great expense they refused to admit them to trial, and 
in conclusion, bound them over to appear on the 4th Novem- 
ber, keeping them during the interval under the cruel torments 
of anxiety and suspense. It is observable that when Justice 
North espied the Pattens entering the court, he was heard to 
say, ' We shall not be able to carry our point, while we have 
such inflexible men upon the jury,' and Mr. Bowman declared 
'that these honest men shall either be persecuted by the mob, 
or else prosecuted as enemies to their country.' The arbi- 
trary proceedings of these magistrates alarmed several consci- 
entious people, who perceived themselves obnoxious, and some 
to avoid their unjust and merciless tyranny, abandoned their 
habitations and families and fled out of the country to more 
distant parts of the Province. 



NOTES. 265 

" Among the number we may reckon Mr. John Carlton, of 
Woolwich, who had been cleared by an unanimous vote of 
the town, but was pursued by a warrant from these inexorable 
and avaricious judges. He had the good fortune to conceal 
himself from their malicious scrutiny, till the season of perse- 
cution was over. 

"Mr. Stinson, of the same district, was pursued by the same 
virulent combination, but arming himself to resist the officer 
who attempted to break into his house with violence, his wife 
was so terrified at the commotion that she fell in travail and 
quickly expired. 

[The account of the troubles of Rev. J. Bailey at this time, 
is inserted in the Memoir, pp. 117-119.] 

"On the seventh of November a third Tory Court was held 
at Pownalborough, but no jury appearing, the magistrates were 
obliged to adjourn to the sixteenth of December. The town 
of Vassalborough, in the meantime being touched with a little 
compassion, reconsidered their votes and excluded Mr. Ballard, 
the Moors, and the Towns from further trial, on condition of 
their defraying all former expenses, which amounted to one 
hundred dollars apiece. 

" No evidence at all appeared against Mr. Blanchard, and, 
when the sixteenth of December arrived, the day appointed 
for the trial, as Justice Howard was attempting to begin his 
journey from Fort Western, he encountered a terrible fall upon 
the ice, by which accident he was so wounded, that his attend- 
ance at Court was prevented, and there being no other of the 
Quorum to supply his place. Court was adjourned without 
day, and as the 'Transportation Act' expired on the first of 
January, nothing further could be attempted with respect to 
Mr. Jones. 

"In the beginning of winter our persecuting rebels were 
engaged in another employment, which for a season engaged 
their whole attention. Capt. Callahan, being driven away by 
their unjust and cruel persecutions, they determined to take 
advantage of an obscure act of the present government to 
seize his estate. The act upon which they proceeded was 
expressly confined to such persons as had absconded and left 
34 



266 NOTES. 

the country in debt; but Callahan, before his departure, had 
taken care to settle all his atlairs, and there was not a single 
person who had any demand upon his estate. Bowman, how- 
ever, as Judge of Probate, proceeded to administer, having 
first taken every method, both by himself and his creatures, to 
irritate Mrs. Callahan. Some of the messages which were 
sent to this worthy woman were not only highly illiberal, but 
scandalously low, dirty and obscene. No gentleman would 
chuse to treat a female of an infamous character in so scandal- 
ous a manner; yet this man is considered as an eminent magis- 
trate, and would be offended if represented otherwise than 
really genteel and polite. But how such conduct can be recon- 
ciled Avith the profession of Christianity and the knowledge of 
letters, or the principles of humanity, I cannot conceive. Mrs. 
Callahan was summoned into a Probate Court, where Bow- 
man sat, swelling in gloomy solemnity, surrounded with 
accusers and other dark and designing instruments of his in- 
dignation. Each one, by his language and appearance had 
divested himself of every humane and tender sentiment, their 

principal concern was to display a savage roughness and , 

in order to intimidate people and worry the innocent object of 
their depredations. 

"This lady was required by the Justice to render in an ac- 
count upon oath, of all her lands and effects, but she, being 
properly instructed by Taylor, her attorney, refused to comply, 
upon which refusal. Bowman ordered her immediately to pris- 
on ; she then appealed from his sentence to the Council in 
Boston, having first procured sufficient bondsmen to prosecute 
the appeal: but notwithstanding this security, the Judge, by 
his sovereign authority proceeded to appoint Justice Thwing 
to settle the estate. The latter, having received his commission, 
took to his assistance as appraisers, Samuel Emerson, a pro- 
fessed enemy to Capt. Callahan, Richard Kidder, a ductile 
tool of the faction, and Philip Call, a neighbour, who had re- 
ceived repeated favors from the obnoxious family. These men 
entered upon there office with uncommon alacrity, and were 
determined to exceed both law and justice, as well as human- 
ity, in the execution of their trust. They seized the very flax 



NOTES. 267 

which Mrs. Callahan had raised and dressed with her own 
hands, the fowls about the door, and even a canary bird and 
the cage. Such a mean and unmanly littleness distinguished 
all the proceedings of our magistrates, such a boyish and un- 
generous spirit of revenge appeared in the whole of their con- 
duct, as must render their memory the contempt horrence 
of all, who have any remainder of virtue and humanity in 
their composition. Mrs. Callahan was so affected with their 
barbarous treatment that she could not endure to tarry in the 
country, and, in order that she might have it in her power to 
obtain justice from the General Court, she set out for Boston, 
a journey of about one hundred and seventy miles, about 
Christmas, the snow being very deep and the weather extremely 
severe." 



NOTE K. 

[I'agcs 128 and 1780 

A poem of some forty stanzas, on his leaving the scene of 
his labors, was written by Mr. Bailey, probably about the 
time when that event occurred. It gives a tolerably vivid pic- 
ture of the scenery near his residence, and enumerates many 
pleasing objects which owed their culture to his own industry. 

A FAREWELL TO KENNEBECK, 
June, 1779. 

Adieu, ye fair domestick scenes 

Of balmy sweets and flowery greens 

And yond' aspiring grove ; 
Farewell, ye smiling, chearful seats, 
Ye solitary, calm retreats 

Of innocence and love. 

No more your gentle beauties rise, 
No longer to my wishing eyes 
Their pleasing charms impart; 



268 NOTES. 

Since doom'd in foreign lands to roam 
Far distant from my much lov'd home, 
With anguish at my heart. 



Again my mournful song pursue, 
These grateful objects still in view, 

And every rising scene ; 
My eye with pleasing anguish meets, 
This artless group of blended sweets 

Array'd in virgin green. 

When first the blushing morn arose 
To rouse me from the night's repose 

My cares were fixed on you ; 
With rapid haste I wandered forth 
To mark the progress of your growth 

Amidst the glittering dew. 

And when the fair, declining day 
Darted his horizontal ray 

To stain the distant hills, 
I felt the gentle vernal breeze 
R.ush in soft murmurs thro' the trees 

And play along the hills. 

Taught here to wonder and adore 
The wisdom, goodness and the power 

Which in these beauties shine, 
I learned my glowing heart to raise 
In humble gratitude and praise 

To the Great Source Divine. 

Adieu, to all my pleasing toil; 
No more to smooth the rugged soil 

I spend the happy hours; 
No more employ my hand and care 



NOTES. 269 



Along the winding walk to rear 
The tender, smiling flower. 

No more for me the lovely rose 
Her open blushing charms disclose, 

Nor breathes her sweet perfume ; 
I now renounce my boasted skill 
To plant the snowy daffodil. 

Nor teach her where to bloom. 

See there the liumble crocus bring 
The earliest tribute of the spring 

Amidst surrounding snows ; 
And there the columbine is seen 
In richest robes of cheerful green 

Adorn'd with various hues. 

Behold that parti colour'd bed 

Of pinks, their grateful odours shed 

To please on every side ; 
The spotted lily towers on high 
And spreads her glories to the sky 

In fair, majestic pride. 

In yonder walk let us survey 
The opening tulip, proud and gay, 

In naked beauty rise ; 
Foe to the shelter of a shade. 
She stretches her defenceless head, 

Ting'd with unnumber'd dies. 

See there reviving to the sense, 
Emblem of infant innocence, 

Pansies of different hue ; 
Here maiden violets strike the sight. 
In yellow, or the purest white. 

Or dressed in heavenly blue. 



270 NOTES. 

There stands the bright immortal flower 
In clumps along the bending shore 

Crown'd with a silver plume, 
Amidst the biting frosts and snows, 
With undiminish'd lustre glows, 

In one eternal bloom. 

There pushes forward into view 
The mighty wonder of Peru 

Exulting from the ground ; 
Blossoms of scarlet, snow and gold 
Mix'd with their gloomy leaves unfold 

And spread their glories round. 

Behold a plant majestic rise. 
Erect and tow'ring to the skies, 

Shaggy and rough to sense. 
He stares with round, expanded face 
Full on the sun's meridian rays. 

Picture of impudence. 

The poppies here in rich array 
The boldest, glaring tints display 

Of summer's glowing pride ; 
The radiant aster, soft and clear. 
The latest blossoms of the year. 

From me their splendours hide. , 

Ye trees which 'round the borders stand, 
Planted by my laborious hand. 

And nurs'd with fondest care, 
I view the swelling fruit which grows 
In clusters on your pendant boughs, 

Delicious, rich, and rare. 

But I, by stubborn fate's decree. 

Am doom'd your grateful shades to flee 



NOTES. 271 

With sorrow most profound ; 
Lo, there the hostile sons of war, 
With fierce, indignant rage prepare 

To tear you from the ground. 

Ye lofty pines that tower on high. 
That wave and threaten in the sky, 

'Till wintry storms descend. 
And while the winds tremendous war 
In all the rage of hostile power. 

Before the tempest bend. 

There hemlocks rear their lofty head. 
And wide their shaggy branches spread. 

In gloomy pride abound ; 
While from their trunks the solemn owl. 
Responsive to the wolves' grim howl. 

Makes all the woods resound. 

With reverent awe my eyes pursue 
That ancient oak in open view 

Extending wide his arms ; 
With thunders oft thou didst engage. 
And stood the loud, con dieting rage 

Of all the northern storms. 

In pensive thought I often rove 
Thro' the tall forest and the grove, 

When vernal beauties rise ; 
And when the summer's charms decay 
I then your trembling leaves survey, 

Stain'd with autumnal dies. 

Teach me, ye Muses, to describe 
The wonders of the winged tribe 

And sing their power to please. 
While music from their artless throats 
In tender, wild harmonious notes 

Mix with the whispering breeze. 



272 NOTES. 

Adieu, ye plains and mossy rocks, 
Frequented by the browsing flocks; 

And yonder distant hills, 
Ye fountains clear and murmuring floods, 
That stream along the dusky woods, 

Or fall in tinkling rills. 

Ye verdant banks of Kennebeck, 

Which numerous plants and flowers bedeck, 

Thou great majestick stream, 
To swell whose silent, sullen tide 
A thousand lesser rivers glide, 

No more my favorite theme. 

Oft have I seen thy waters pour, 
And with rough horrors foam and roar 

Adown the precipice. 
And with impetuous fury force 
Along the winding shores its course 

To mingle with the seas. 

My throbbing heart with sorrow glows 
And feels a multitude of woes. 

When thro' yond' shady trees' 
I view that solemn House of Prayer, 
And at the sight let fall a tear 

My anguish to appease. 

Rejoic'd to see each others face, 
We met in this devoted place 

To learn the heavenly way, 
Till impious and insulting foes 
With mad, envenom'd zeal arose 

Their vengeance to display. 

Those sturdy sons, who never fear 
The hottest wrath of Heaven to dare, 
Who glory in their shame. 



b 



NOTES. 273 

Forbid that we our hearts should raise 
In public prayer and songs of praise 
To the Eternal Name. 

I feel a thousand anxious fears, 
And oft bewail in silent tears 

My friends' unhappy fate, 
Involv'd in scenes of deep distress, 
Expos'd, despairing of success, 

To Whigs' revengeful hate. 

In fervent strains I must implore 
The smiles of that propitious Pow'r 

Who pities human woes ; 
May He attend your plaintive grief, 
Afford protection and relief, 

And bless you with repose. 

O Lord, with speedy justice rise 
And frown u})on these enemies 

To virtue's sacred name. 
But save the honest and the good. 
And fill the sons of rage and blood 

With penitence and shame. 

Once more with heavy parting sighs 
We roll around our misty eyes; 

My partner calls to mind 
Her babes beneath the heaving ground, 
And mourns and weeps with grief profound 

To leave their dust behind. 



NOTE L. 

[Page iHl.] 

The name of Capt. Henry Mowat is still disliked, if not 
detested, by many, on account of his commanding the expe- 
dition which, in Oct., 1775, reduced Falmouth, now Portland, 
35 



27-4 NOTES. 

to ashes. It may be well to say, in passing, that jNIr. Bailey 
was on a visit at that place at the time it was burned, and 
that he has left a written account of the transaction, which 
throws a fuller light upon it than is contained in the published 
narratives, as it relates occurrences that were either unknown 
to, or suppressed by, those who have heretofore undertaken to 
describe it. 

Although Capt. Mowat acted upon positive orders from 
Admiral Graves, in burning Falmouth, yet he has been con- 
demned with as much warmth, as if he merely gratified his 
own private antipathies. 

And the historian of Maine* publishes a letter written by 
this officer to the people of the place doomed to destruction, in 
which, by italicising words, he evidently wishes the reader to 
notice that ignorance was a characteristic of the writer as 
well as cruelty. All this may be as has been thus represented. 
But as an act of simple justice to the memory of Capt. Mowat 
the following letter to Mr. Bailey, which accompanied the 
child of the former, is here inserted. The reader may be as- 
sured that it is copied exactly as it was written. Reminding 
him, that according to the usage of that time, many more words 
began with capital letters than at present, the letter is submit- 
ted to his perusal, that he may decide whether or not is it the 
production of a brutal or ignorant man. 

" Halifax the 11"> Aug'. 1782. 

« Rev*^. Sir, 

I have for some time been in expectation of 

receiving Your answer to my Letter by Mr. Lovett on the 

Subject of my Child; but having been given to understand by 

him and other friends of yours that I may assure myself of 

your receiving my Boy, I have at last determined to send him, 

and I have made choice of his going by water, as I cannot 

accompany him myself by land — a satisfaction I wished much 

to have enjoyed, and v^^hat I have had in view for a long while, 

but being now within a few days of leaving this for York in 

my way for England, will prevent me the pleasure of seeing 

* AVilliamson's History of Maine, ii. 435. 



NOTES. 275 

yoU and that of delivering up my Dear Child into your care, 
which I now do, with all the endearing and tender feelings of 
a Father, earnestly requesting you to receive him in that light. 
His Aunt accompanies him in the desire of seeing him safe 
with you, and I shall leave directions with Mr. Thompson (one 
of his Guardians) to pay you the Charge of his Yearly Board 
and Education: every other necessary will be sent to him by 
Miss Peak and other friends, whom you will be pleased to 
correspond with in my absence. I have sent a Black Servant 
of my own in order to assist you in the care of him. This man 
has been mine for the last 8 years, and I hope he will behave 
so as to become useful to you as well as the child, and I have 
laid my Commands .on him to obey you the same as myself, 
and not to do anything or move from your House without 
your leave. Whatever Quarter my professional Duty may 
call me will not prevent my Corresponding with you, and I 
beg you will write often, and put your Letters under Cover to 
Alex^ Thompson, Esq"", at Halifax, and he will forward them 
to James Sykes, Esq"". Crutched Friars, London, where they 
will be taken care of. The indulgence of a very tender 
Mother and other friends over the Boy I am fearful may occa- 
sion you and Mrs. Bailey more trouble before he forgets it 
than I wish he should, but I hope in time his natural disposi- 
tion will appear, and so far as may be comprehended from his 
infant years I am in hopes he will not give more than what 
may be expected. The wind coming favourable this morning 
hurries me in hopes of the Vessels getting away. My respect- 
ful Compliments wait on Mrs. Bailey, I present the same to 
you and am, 

Rcv'd Dear Sir, 

Your most obedient 

Humble servant, 

H. Mo WAT. 

Rev. Mr. Bailey, Annapolis." 

It should be stated that the chirography of the above letter 
is such that it would be creditable to any person. 



APPENDIX. 



ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, POWNALBOROUGH. 

Of those who may have been interested in this narrative, 
some, doubtless, will be desirous to learn the history of St. 
John's Parish, Pownalborough, after Mr. Bailey's departure. 
At that time both the church and parsonage were standing. 
It is necessary to mention this, since a somewhat different im- 
pression has prevailed. Among other mis-statements made in 
a newspaper article in July, 1848, is the following: "Then 
they" (i. e. the Whigs) " took the remedy into their own hands: 
they demolished the church, tore down the priest's house, and 
drove him out of town." An exploit, (which, if it ever hap- 
pened,) would no doubt have conferred all due honor on the 
valiant actors in it I The article continues: " He and Episco- 
pacy never appeared there afterwards." 

We will now state some of the facts in the case : — Nathan- 
iel Bailey, brother of the subject of this Memoir, removed into 
the parsonage house immediately after it was vacated by its 
former tenants, in June, 1779, and remained in it nearly a year. 
Major Samuel Goodwin wrote to Mr. Bailey, under date of 
Pownalborough, June 9th, 1784. This letter contained a sub- 
scription paper, which he wished Mr. Bailey to circulate in 
order to collect funds for the purpose to be mentioned. The 
paper states, that " after Mr. Bailey went away some persons 
began to take the windows out of St. John's Church, Pownal- 
borough, and did carry one off, so we were obliged to take all 
the rest down. The house is stripped and running to ruin. 



278 APPENDIX. 

If not repaired, both church and house will be lost. We 
being a frontier town, are, by the late wars, reduced so low 
that we are not able to repair them without the charity of our 
good friends to help us." The same person also wrote to Mr. 
Bailey, October 5th, 1785 : " Our church is all going to pieces, 
the roof is coming down, the rafters and beams broke with 
heavy snows last winter. What application can we make to 
Dr. Seabury? I wrote to the Rev. Sam'l Parker for advice 
last year, but no answer." Under date of June 7th, 1787, 
Major Goodwin writes: "John Sylvester (John) Gardiner 
reads prayers and sermons on the Lord's day." 

This appears to be the last intelligence concerning Mr. Bai- 
ley's Parish on the Kennebec during his life. It will be re- 
membered that while he resided there, attempts had been 
made at more than one time to establish a Congregational 
Society in that part of the town. But twenty-two years 
elapsed after his departure before this measure was effected. 
A meeting-house for this denomination was built about a mile 
distance from the site of St. John's Church.* Their first and 
only minister remained with them about twenty-five years, 
and then left. The house has at various times since been oc- 
cupied by Universalists. Previous to this, i. e., in 1794, this 
part of the township, which was called the West Precinct of 
Pownalborough, was incorporated into a town by the name of 
Dresden. The other portions were called Wiscassett, and 
New Milford, (till changed, in 1811, to Alma.) 

Within a few years a small settlement has grown up about 
three-fourths of a mile easterly of the spot formerly occupied 
by St. John's Church. Near this settlement a small Methodist 
meeting-house has been built, and a " Union meeting-house" 
has been erected in this village. 

On Whitsunday, June 11, 1848, Evening Service of the P. 
Episcopal Church was held in the Union meeting-house spok- 
en of by the Rt. Rev. George Burgess, D. D., who had been 
consecrated the year previous as the first Bishop of the Dio- 

* Although this Society was incorporated in 1793, it was not till 1801 that the Con- 
gregational Church was organized and Ilev. Freeman Parker was ordained. — Green- 
leaf's Eccl. Sketches, p. 151. 



APTENDIX. 279 

cese of Maine. Arrangements were also made for the estab- 
lishment of a Sunday School under the charge of a Candidate 
for Orders. 

During the long interval which followed the last perform- 
ance of the services of the church in this town, the territory 
occupied by the church building, and that reclaimed from the 
wilderness for a garden by the Rev. Mr. Bailey, had relapsed 
almost into its primitive state. The foundations of the sacred 
edifice are still visible, as are also the rough flat stones* erected 
at the graves of the old parishioners. The cellar of the par- 
sonage is still distinctly to be seen. The company which had 
given the land embracing the territory named, and a glebe, had 
closed the'- concerns. After their right to this property had 
been legally determined it was sold, and the income was to 
be applied to the support of an Episcopal minister, when one 
should be settled in Dresden, and until then to a resident 
Congregational minister. The minister of this denomination, 
before alluded to, enjoyed the benefit of this fund for a time. 
On the cessation of that persuasion, the fund was left to accu- 
mulate, ready for its originally intended use. 

The new Parish of St. John's, Dresden, was organized in the 
presence of the Bishop of the Diocese, January 26th, 1849, and 
admitted into the Union with the Convention of Maine at its 
next session. Rev. Edwin W. Murray was appointed Mis- 
sionary to this Parish, and entered upon his labors in October 
of the year last named. 

In 1850 the ladies of Christ Church, Gardiner, presented to 
St. John's Cluirch a set of Communion Plate, and a handsome 
Bible and Prayer Books for the desk. 

Rev. Mr. Murray resigned the Rectorship of the Parish in 
1850, and his place was supplied by Rev. W. H. C. Robertson. 
After an absence of two years INIr. Murray returned, and is now 
engaged in this, his first field of labor. 

On the 17th of November, 1852, the " Union meeting-house," 
before spoken of, was consecrated to the worship of God, 

* The grave of one of the last Vestrymen of St. John's has white marble grave 
stones. One of them is inscribed as follows : Mr. George Goud, died May 18, 1826, 
M91. 



280 APPENDIX. 

according to the rites and usages of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church. On this occasion the Bishop of the Diocese preach- 
ed from 1 Kings xviii. 30: "And he repaired the altar of the 
Lord that was broken down." 



CHURCH AT GEORGETOWN. 

" The town of Georgetown was incorporated in 1718, and 
then included all the territory within the present limits of 
Bath, Woolwich and Phipsburg."* Fort St. George, erected 
by the colony of 1607, was in the present town of Phipsburg. 
That fort contained a church. Thus it will follow that the 
Episcopal Church, which was formed in the last century 
within the bounds of ancient Georgetown, as above described, 
may be considered as the legitimate successor of the first 
Protestant congregation which ever existed in the Northern 
United States. 

The notices of this Church, scattered throughout the fore- 
going Biography, and the sketches of the Rev. Messrs. MacClen- 
nachan and Wheeler, in the Notes, contain nearly all the infor- 
mation that it has been possible to gather of the condition of 
this Parish up to the time of the Rev. Mr. Bailey's leaving the 
country. The following is the only report that Mr. Wheeler is 
known to have sent to England : — 

« The Rev. Mr. Wheeler, in his letter of Nov. 20th, 1769, 
acquaints the Society that his Parish extends near twenty 
miles westward and twelve miles eastward. That there are 
about 200 families ; some Presbyterians, some Independents, 
and some Papists. His people have erected the frame of a 
church since his coming ; he has statedly preached twice on 
Sundays, besides giving lectures on week days, and has bap- 
tized twenty-eight children." 

The mention of the church building in the above extract 
reminds us to speak of its locality. The Kennebec River runs 
in a very direct course by the present city of Bath. This fea- 

* Maine Historical Collections, ii. 202. 



APPENDIX. 281 

ture of the river at this place caused the territory on its banks 
to be called by the early settlers Long Reach. At some dis- 
tance below the city the Kennebec turns suddenly at right 
angles, and then quickly resumes its previous southerly course. 
It was at this point that the church spoken of was erected. 

The family of the Lithgows, some of whom were conspicu- 
ous in the colonial times in this part of the Province, erected, 
in 1766, a spacious and what was then, doubtless, considered 
to be an elegant mansion very near the church.* Some years 
since the house and farm passed into other hands. When the 
present proprietors took possession of their property the church 
was standing. They describe the church as " a low building, 
with a double lloor, but no marks of pews upon it. The only 
ornament was a simple beading upon the tie beams." The 
churchyard has been ploughed up, and barns and barnyards 
occupy its place. The church itself was used as a barn, till a 
portion of it having blown down and killed a valuable animal, 
the remainder of the builcfing was demolished. The sacred 
edifice was situated but a few rods from the river, some dis- 
tance from any settlement. This fact shows that in the ab- 
sence of any county roads, the river was the highway of the 
inhabitants, and the small boat their usual means of travelling. 
Tratlition still co nun em orates the pious life and conversation 
of a lady of the Drummond family, who was baptized in this 
church, and who has but recently deceased. 

Within three miles of the site of this church, and in the city of 
Bath, an Episcopal congregation has been gathered, which has 
attained to a considerable degree of strength and prosperity, and 
now occupies a church building, which was consecrated January 
19th, 1853. It is to be hoped that it may prove to be the con- 
tinuation of the former Church in Georgetown, as the new 
parish in Dresden is the resuscitation of St. John's Church, 
Pownalborough. • Should this be so, the ante Revolutionary 
churches in Maine, will, after a long interval, again exist, con- 
ferring their blessings upon some of the descendants of those 
who formerly worshipped in the words of the same liturgy. 

* Rev. Mr. Wheeler resided for a while in the Lithgow house, as appears from one 
of his letters to Rev. Jacob Bailey. 

36 



282 APPENDIX. 



ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, PORTLAND. 

All the information which the present writer has of the 
early history of Episcopacy in the above place, is derived 
from a daily Journal, kept by Rev. Thomas Smith, Pastor of 
the First Congregational Society of Falmouth, which was the 
ante Revolutionary name of a township, part of which now 
forms the city of Portland. His Journal, with the very full 
Notes of William Willis, Esq., in his edition, 1849, have fur- 
nished most of the material for the following account. 

In the summer of 1754, Gove^-nor Shirley, accompanied by 
several persons of distinction, embarked at Boston in the 
Province frigate Massachusetts, for the purpose of meeting the 
Norridgewock Indians at Falmouth, and forming a treaty 
with them. Rev. Charles Brockwell was then Assistant Minis- 
ter of King's Chapel, Boston, a Church in which Gov. Shirley 
was a worshipper. Mr. Brockwell was probably in the company 
which attended the Governor. The Journal before spoken of 
contains the following: — 

'''■June 26, 1754. The Governor got in this morning. 

^^ June 30. [Sunday.) Parson Brockwell preached here, 
A. M.J and carried on in the Church form. 

******* 

^''July 14. Mr. Brockwell preached." 

More than nine years passed away and no further notice of 
the Episcopal Church is to be found. 

Nov. ^t/i, 1763, forty-one persons entered into a written 
agreement to procure a lot of land and to build "a meeting- 
house for Divine Service." In July, of the following year, an 
increased number expressed, in writing, under their hands, 
their desire "that the worship to be carried on in said house 
should be agreeable to the laws of Great Britain." 

"/m/// 23, 1764. The new meeting men had a meeting and 
declared for the Church. They have been in a sad toss since 
the Parish meeting, and made great uproar, getting to sign 
for the Church. They began to frame the house. 

" Aug: 31. There is a sad uproar about Wiswell, who has 



APPENDIX, 283 

declared for the Church, and accepted, (a day or two since,) 
of a call our Churchmen have given him to be their minister. 

'"'■Sept. 2. (Sunda/j.) A great day this. Mr. Hooper* 
preached to our new Church people, and baptized several 
children. 

" Sept. Sd. The corner stone of the Church was laid by 
the Wardens, who, with their officers, were chosen lo-day. 

^^ Sept. 9. Mr. Wiswell preached in the Town House. 

" Sept. 30. Mr. Wiswell preached in the Court House to- 
day to a small company. 

" Oct.8. Mr. Wiswell sailed in the Mast ship, Capt. Haggett," 
(to England,) for Episcopal Ordination. 

Mr. Wiswell returned from England and commenced his 
labors in St. Paul's Parish. In the conflagration of the town 
in 1775, by Capt. Mowat, the church was burned and the min- 
ister left. The services of Mr. Parker, as lay reader, were 
engaged in 1785 and continued for about two years. Mr. 
Thomas Oxnard succeeded, and officiated in a similar capaci- 
ty for the next five years. After him Mr. Joseph Hooper 
acted as lay reader for about a year. These services were 
held in hired rooms till 1787, when a wooden church was built. 

After the discontinuance of Mr. Hooper's services, there 
were no regular exercises until 1797, when Rev. Joseph War- 
ren took charge of the Parish and remained till 1800. Rev. 
Timothy Hilliard succeeded him the next year and continued 
as minister till 1809. 

During the incumbency of Mr. Hilliard, in 1803, the wooden 
church was abandoned for one built of brick. After Mr. 
Hilliard's resignation, there were occasional services, only, for 
some years. Rev. G. W. Olney officiated daring the summer 
of 1817. Rev. P. S. Tenbroeck was instituted in 1818, and 
was Rector for the succeeding thirteen years. He was fol- 
lowed, after two years intermission, by Rev. G. W. Chapman, 
D. D., who left in 1835. 

Rev. A. H. Vinton was Rector a few months till about 



* Rev. William Hooper, of Trinity Church, Boston, who Mr. Smith says, Aug, 
30, " came here yesterday." 



284 APPENDIX. 

Easter, 1836. Rev. Thomas M. Clark officiated during the 
summer of that year and was succeeded by Rev. John N. 
French, who continued during the next three years. In 1839, 
St. Paul's Parish having become embarrassed, St. Stephen's 
Parish was formed. The property of the former was purchased 
by the latter society. Rev. James Pratt became Rector in 
1840. 

In 1851, a second Parish was organized in Portland mider 
the name of St. Luke's, of which Rt. Rev. Horatio Southgate, 
D. D., was the first Rector. 



CHRIST CHURCH, GARDINER. 

To Dr. Sylvester Gardiner this Church is indebted for its 
origin and liberal patronage. He erected, at his own expense, 
a church and parsonage in 1772, which was dedicated by Rev. 
Jacob Bailey, August 16th, of that year. The church had a 
spire, but was unfinished at the time of the American Revolu- 
tion. It would seem that it also was furnished with a bell, 
for at the Easter meeting, in 1773, of King's Chapel, Boston, 
it was voted " that the old bell, with the Appurtenances 
be given to the Saint Ann's Church, Gardinerston." * In 
1793 a Parish was incorporated by the name of the Epis- 
copal Society, in Pittston, that name having been previously 
given to the town which had been incorporated, embra- 
cing lands on both sides of the Kennebec River. As soon 
as the Parish was incorporated the executors of Dr. Gardiner 
proceeded to complete the church edifice, and the Rev. Joseph 
Warren was chosen Rector. The church, yet incomplete, 
was burned by an insane person. Another edifice took its 
place shortly after, which, though only partly finished, was oc- 
cupied for public worship. Rev. Mr. Warren left in 1796, aqd 
he was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Bowers. Mr. Bovvers removed 
to Marblehead in 1802. In the summer of that year Mr. N. B. 
Crocker read prayers three months. In 1803 that part of 

* Greenwood's History of King's Chapel, p. 132. 



APPENDIX. 285 

Pittston lying on the west side of the Kennebec River was 
incorporated into a new town by the name of Gardiner. Rev. 
Samuel Haskell, Rector of Christ Church, Boston, became 
Rector of this Parish in 1803, and left in 1809. The church 
was closed for the following year, when it was opened under 
the ministrations of Mr. Aaron Humphrey, a Methodist min- 
ister, who more than a year afterwards was admitted to Holy 
Orders. Mr. Humphrey left in 1814. Rev. Mr. Leonard, of 
Vermont, officiated in the latter part of 1815. Rev. G. W. 
Olney became Rector in October, 1817. His popularity was 
so great that a larger church building was required in a short 
time. About this time an act was obtained changing the 
name of the Parish to Christ Church, Gardiner. 

The new and elegant structure, built of stone, was conse- 
crated October 19th, 18:20. Its cost was rising §14,000, and the 
land occupied by it was given to the Parish. Mr. Olney re- 
signed the Rectorship in the spring of 1826, and was succeeded, 
temporarily, by Rev. B. C. C. Parker, who was followed by 
Rev. E. M. P. Wells. In the autumn of 1827, Mr. Wells re- 
signed the Parish, and lay reading was again resorted to for a 
short time. The Rev. T. S. W. Mott oHiciated for a few 
weeks in the latter part of this year, but on account of ill 
health he withdrew to the south. The Rev. William Horton. 
was minister during the winter, and in the spring. Rev. N. M. 
Jones officiated for a few weeks. In September, 1828, Rev. 
Mr. Mott was instituted as Rector of the Parish, but his health 
was such that he returned again to the south, having officiated 
but one Sunday. Rev. Lot Jones was engaged to supply Rev. 
Mr. Mott's place during his absence. Mr. Jones left in May, 
and was immediately succeeded by Rev. Isaac Peck. Mr. 
Mott having resigned the Parish, Mr. Peck was chosen Rector 
in April, 1830. In October of the following year Mr. Peck re- 
signed his Rectorship. In the spring of 1831, Rev. Joel Clap 
took charge of the Parish, and held it nine years, when he re- 
moved from the State. Rev. W^illiam R. Babcock entered 
upon his duties as Rector in October, 1840. He resigned his 
olfice in 1847, and was succeeded by Rt. Rev. George Burgess, 
D. D., first Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the 
Diocese of Maine. 



286 APPENDIX. 



KITTERY. 

A church building was erected in that part of Kittery now 
called Elliot, near the banks of the Piscataqua, and about 
six miles frotn Portsmouth. Rev. Arthur Brown, Rector of 
Queen's Chapel, in the last named place, occasionally offici- 
ated in this church, and reported to the Venerable Society that 
in Kittery there were fifteen communicants of the Church of 
England. For many years Mr. Brown received from the Ven- 
erable Society X15 sterling per annum for officiating at Kit- 
tery, in addition to <£60 sterling, his stipend as Missionary at 
Portsmouth. Mr. Brown died in 1773. 



The " New England Historical and Genealogical Register," 
contains (vol. iv. p. 38) the following article : — 

" The following is the inscription upon the tomb-stone of 
the Minister of the Episcopal Church in Kittery, near Elliot, 
which Church, it is supposed, became extinct at the time of 
his death. The grave is in a field belonging to Mr. Fernald. 

" 'Here Lyes Buried the Body of the Rev'd Mr. John Eve- 
leth, who departed this Life Aug. 1st Anno: Dom : 1734, aged 
65 years.' 

" Epitaphs from South Berwick, &c., communicated for the 
Register, by Mr. John S. H. Fogg, of South Berwick, Me." 

Mr. Eveleth was not a clergyman of the Episcopal Church. 
The following is stated on the authority of Rev. Joseph B. 
Felt, Librarian of the Massachusetts Historical Society : — 

" Rev. John Eveleth was the son of Joseph Eveleth, who 
belonged to Ipswich, Mass. He was graduated at Harvard 
College in 1689, preached as a Congregational minister at 
Manchester, Mass.; was ordained in that denomination at 
Stow in 1700, dismissed in 1717, settled at Kennebunk Port, 
dismissed 1729, and was at the latter place 1732." 

The compiler of the present Memoir would not have in- 
serted this Note were it not that a tradition is current in the 
neighborhood of Mr. Eveleth's burying place, similar to the 
statement furnished to the N. E. Historical and Genealogical 



APPENDIX. 287 

Register. As the article copied from the Register may tend 
to extend and perpetuate an erroneous idea, it seemed desira- 
ble to correct it in a work treating of the Ecclesiastical 
History of Maine. 



PROSPECT, 



Williamson says,* in speaking of the town of Prospect:! 
"Before the war of the Revolution, Thomas (ioldthwait and 
Francis Bernard, son of the Governor, took from the Waldo 
proprietors a grant of 2,700 acres, near the southerly part of the 
town ; ill consideration of which, they engaged to settle thirty 
families and an Episcopal minister, and to build a church. 
They did, indeed, rear a small brick chapel, and attempt a set- 
tlement; but being Tories, they, in the war, left their country 
and forfeited their property. The plantation continued, and 
in 1784 there were in Prospect twenty-four families." 



REV. WILLIAM W. WHEELER, MISSIONARY AT 
GEORGETOWN. 

The subject of the following notice was the son of William 
Wheeler, and was born at Concord, Mass., Dec. 24th, 1734. He 
was a classmate of Rev. Jacob Bailey. In Mr. Bailey's Journals, 
during the time he was in college, mention is made of a visit 
he paid to Mr. Wheeler's family. This and subsequent notices 
show that the father of this gentleman was possessed of a 
large farm in Concord, and one of his daughters is described 
as a young lady of talent, and considerable literary attainment. 

On the 18th November, 1765, Mr. Bailey wrote to Rev. Mr. 
Caner, minister of King's Chapel, Boston, as follows: " Since 
the Society have determined to send a Missionary to George- 
town, I would intreat you to look out for some suitable gentle- 



* History of Maine, Vol. ii., p. 565. 

f Prospect is on the Penobscot River, near its mouth. 



288 APPENDIX. 

man, that we may recommend for Orders as soon as possible. 
I have wrote to one Mr. Wheeler of Concord, a classmate of 
mine, who several years ago was inclined to the Church. He 
sustains a good character, and it is probable, he will soon wait 
upon you for directions." 

From a letter from Mr. Wheeler, dated Concord, Dec. 5th, 
1765, the following is taken. After expressing his friendly 
sentiments towards the Church of England, he says "I am 
constrained to return this answer, viz.: that if the proposals 
you mention are strictly and absolutely complied with, viz.: 
if the people of Georgetown will enter into bonds to furnish 
the Missionary with £20 sterling per annum, and a dwell- 
ing-house, &c., beside the £50 sterling granted by the Soci- 
ety, I say, I will accept of it, and am willing to go for 
Ordination as soon as opportunity permits." A letter from 
Mr. Wheeler, Concord, May 17th, 1766, acknowledges the 
receipt of letters from Rev. Jacob Bailey, since the date of the 
letter just quoted. Mr. Wheeler assigns indisposition as the 
cause of his not before writing or visiting Kennebec. He 
says: "I have waited upon the Rev. Dr. Caner, (for such he is 
now,) and Dr. Gardiner, and find them both very friendly and 
kind, and much of gentlemen. Since I received your last, I 
have received a kind invitation to the westward, to Marlboro' 
and Hopkinton, of the same nature as your's, by a letter from 
a gentleman there, and he begs that I would see him before I 
come to the eastward." From a letter from Mr. Wheeler in 
November of this year, it would seem that he had had an inter- 
view with Mr. Butler, one of the principal Churchmen at 
Georgetown, and that probably an arrangement would be 
made for his going to that place. Mr. Wheeler says : " I am 
at present engaged to officiate at the Church in Cambridge. 
They have a minister appointed, Mr. Sergeant, but he is not 
expected until spring." Mr. Wheeler writes to Mr. Bailey 
from Boston, Aug. 5th, 1767: " The Society has been so good 
as to grant me <£20 sterling for my services at Cambridge, 
besides what the people gave me, which is very kind and 
unexpected to me." 

Mr. Wheeler was recommended to the Society by the clergy 



APPENDIX. 289 

in Convention assembled in Boston, June 17,1767. The Rev. 
Secretary of the Venerable Society adds a postscript to his 
letter of Dec. 1767, in which he says: " Mr. Wheeler is arrived 
and will be ordained for Georgetown very soon." He returned 
from England, having received Holy Orders there, and arrived 
in Boston, in the ship Boscawen, Capt. Jacobson, in May, 
1768. 

Mr. Wheeler left Georgetown in April, 1772, for Newport, 
E. I. where he had been engaged to assist Rev. Mr. Bisset, 
Rector of Trinity Church in that town. In a letter dated 
Sept. 8th, 1779, in which he gives an account of the situation 
of some of his brother clergy, Mr. Bailey says: "I forgot to 
mention Mr. Wheeler, who is neither Whig nor Tory, but so 
terrified with both as to retire from human society. He lives 
like an hermit, and employs his time in making butter and 
cheese." Mr. Wheeler was unanimously chosen Rector of 
St. Andrew's Church, Scituate, and Trinity Church, Marsh- 
field, May loth, 1783. Rev. Samuel Parker, D. D., wrote from 
Boston, Nov. 22d, 1788: "Mr. Wheeler is and has been for 
some years past, preaching in rotation at Scituate, Marsiifield, 
Bridge water and Braintree, and has lately married a daughter 
of Rev. Mr. Thompson, of Scituate. He is so much in Free- 
man's plan that he would not join his brethren in this State in 
protesting against Freeman's ordination." In the Journal of 
Massachusetts Convention for 1790, Mr. Wheeler is designated 
as Rector of St. Thomas's Church, Taunton, in addition to the 
Churches before named. 

Mr. Wheeler died at Scituate, January 14th, 1810, aged 75 
years. 

The present writer has no means of forming an estimate of 
his character. Soon after his death an obituary notice appeared 
in one of the Boston newspapers. This notice is devoted 
mainly to praising his political principles, and if the writer's 
ignorance of the character of Mr. Wheeler is to be measured 
by his ignorance of some of the leading facts in the clerical 
life of the subject of his sketch, but little reliance can be 
placed upon this obituary notice. 
37 



290 APPENDIX. 



SILVESTER GARDINER, M. D. 

The important part that this gentleman took in promoting 
the interests of the Episcopal Church in Maine, before the 
Revolution entitles him to a more particular mention than is 
made in the text. 

Among the families of note -who settled Boston Neck, now 
in the town of Kingston, R. I., was the Gardiner family. 
William, a grandson of the original settler of that name, was 
born in 1671. The fourth of his seven children, who was born 
in 1707, is the subject of this notice. The marriage of his 
sister, Hannah, with the Rev. James McSparran, (afterwards 
D. D.,) had a great influence on his future life. 

Mr. McSparran, perceiving the abilities and tastes of his 
brother-iii-law, persuaded his father to give him a liberal educa- 
tion. It having been settled that the expenses necessary to this 
should be deducted from Silvester's share of the paternal 
estate, he Avas sent to school in Boston, and afterwards in- 
structed by Mr. McSparran. He decided upon the practice of 
medicine as his future profession. 

At that time great difficulties lay in the way of medical 
students. No hospitals nor schools of medicine existed in 
America, public prejudice forbad dissections, and the law laid 
heavy penalties on any one who should seek to acquire the 
knowledge of Anatomy in the only proper way. No alterna- 
tive presented itself to the ambitious student of the healing 
art, but to avail himself of those facilities in Europe, which 
were denied him in his own country. Silvester passed eight 
years in London and Paris, principally in the latter city, and 
acquired an amount and kind of medical knowledge which 
at that time were perhaps in possession of but few in his 
native country. 

His religious principles, early inculcated, carried him safely 
through the licentiousness of French society, always great, 
but more so at the time of his residence in Paris, which was 
in the early part of the reign of Louis XV., soon after the re- 
gency of the Duke of Orleans. The open profligacy that he 



APPENDIX. 291 

had witnessed in France, gave him such a dislike to the na- 
tion, that in after life he would not consent that his children 
should be instructed in the French language, lest their minds 
should be corrupted by the literature of that country. 

Upon his return he married Anne, daughter of Dr. Gibbons, 
a wealthy physician of Boston, and was soon engaged in that 
place in an extensive and lucrative practice. He also lectured 
on Anatomy, illustrating his lectures by preparations he had 
brought from Europe. He opened in Boston a large estab- 
lishment for the sale and importation of drugs. By these 
means he acquired an immense estate. 

Having become one of the proprietors of the Kennebec pur- 
chase, covering a tract of land from Bath to Norridgewock, 
some fifty miles in length, aiid extending fifteen miles on 
each side of the Kennebec River, he directed his energies 
to the improvement of that wilderness country. Almost the 
entire management of the allliirs of the company was commit- 
ted to him. He managed the trust with great energy and 
judgment, and at his own personal expense built houses and 
cleared farms which he well stocked, at the Chops of JMerry- 
meeting Bay and Lynd's Island,- Pittston, Winslow, and Pow- 
nalborough, at the latter of which places he built mills. The 
tract of land near the Cobbosee Contee River, was obtained 
by him of his associates, and he labored and expended much 
to bring it forward. He built houses, dams, and mills, at this 
place, now the city of (Jardiner; introduced many settlers 
and advanced them means necessary to their establishment, 
amounting in the aggregate to a large sum, most of which 
was never repaid him. 

He built a church and parsonage at Gardinerston, (as it 
was then called,) in 1772, but was interrupted in his benevo- 
lent labors by the political troubles of the time, and was 
obliged to leave the church uncompleted. He was one of the 
most active and eiPicient persons in building King's Chapel, 
Boston, and contributed largely to its erection, and was for 
many years one of its wardens. 

Dr. Gardiner left Boston with the British army, when that 
town was evacuated. His property was all confiscated, but 



292 APPENDIX. 

owing to some legal informality the confiscation did not hold, 
and his estate descended to his heirs. 

Dr. Gardiner died at Newport, August, 1786, in the 80th 
year of his age ; the citizens, at his funeral, bestowing those 
marks of respect which evidenced their high estimation of his 
character. His remains w^ere deposited under Trinity Church, 
in that place, and a monument, (with a Latin inscription, by 
his grandson. Rev. Dr. Gardiner, former Rector of Trinity 
Church, Boston,) has been erected to his memory in Christ 
Church, Gardiner, Maine. His agency in influencing Mr. 
Bailey to visit London to receive Holy Orders has been al- 
ready named in the Memoir. To him it was owing that an 
Episcopal Missionary was sent to Pownalborough, a glebe 
given in that town, and a church and parsonage erected 
thereon. His building a church and parsonage at Gardiner, 
at his own expense, has been already mentioned. To that 
Parish he gave a glebe lot, which now yields a handsome in- 
come yearly. The church, not being completed at his decease, 
he directed in his will that it should be finished by his execu- 
tors, and the expense charged to his estate, and he endowed it 
with a legacy of £28 sterling per annum, to be paid forever to 
the Rector. Says one, who knew him well : " But his piety 
was not shown only in these public acts. His family was the 
well ordered family of a Christian, from whose altar the morn- 
ing and evening sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving regularly 
ascended. Believing the observances enjoined by the Church 
to be eminently calculated to afford spiritual sustenance to the 
soul, and to keep alive the spirit of piety, he strictly observed 
all its ordinances, its Festivals and Fasts, and on the greater 
Fasts spent the whole day, excepting what was occupied by 
family and public worship, in the retirement of his closet. 
During the latter years of his life, secluded from business, he 
spent much of his time in religious contemplation, and com- 
piled a book of devotion, evidencing not only sterling piety 
and sincerity of purpose, but bearing the impress of a heart 
truly and deeply warmed with the love of Christ, and filled 
with that fervency of devotion which can only be the fruit of 
man's deep sense of his need of a Redeemer. He had a large 



APPENDIX. 293 

edition of this book printed at his own expense, and which he 
designed for gratuitous distribution." 

A highly esteemed and respected friend has had the oppor- 
tunity of perusing the little book above-named, which is en- 
titled "A Daily Companion to the Closet;" a compilation of 
prayers, with a few hymns and practical dissertations; "the 
whole collected and compiled from the Common Prayer, and 
from some of the most pious writers. By a Layman. Lon- 
don : Printed for the Author ; 1785." The friend alluded to 
expresses his high gratification at the perusal of this volume, 
as evidently the production of one of earnest, habitual prayer, , 
and exercised with the deep convictions and sanctified desires 
of private, personal religion. 

The Episcopal Church in Maine is under great obligations 
to Dr. Silvester Gardiner, for the warm interest he manifested 
in her, and the sacrifices and exertions he made in her behalf 
in the days of her weakness. It is very pleasant to know that 
he was deeply imbued witii tiie sj)irit of the Gospel. The in- 
scription on his monument, before named, fails to do him jus- 
tice in this particular, and the writer of this sketch delights to 
have it in his power to be enabled to convey, however feebly, 
a more true picture of his religious character. 



294 APPENDIX. 



Contribution to the list of Three Hundred Ministers, of the 
different denominations, who have entered the ministry of 
the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States : — 

Rt. Rev. Edward Bass, of Newburyport, Mass. 

See Biograpliical Sketch. 

Rev. William McClennathan. 

Note D to the foregoing Memoir. 

Rev. Jacob Bailey. 

See foregoing Memoir. 

Rev. "William W. Wheeler. 

Rev. John Wiswall. 

Willis Smiths Journal, p. 150, Note 1. 

Rev. John Ruggles Cotting, of Waldoborough, Me. 
In 1812 " he changed his sentiments, and became an Epis- 
copalian." 

Greenleafs Ecclesiastical Sketches, p. 175. 

Rev. William Clarke, Rector of St. Paul's Church, Ded- 
ham, Mass. 

Authority : Rev. S. B. Babcock's Letter, Aug. 9, 1851. 

Rev. Joshua Wingate Weeks, Rector of St. Michael's 
Church, Marblehead, Mass. 

See Biographical Sketch. 



APTENDIX. 295 



ABSTRACT OF SERMONS. 

The compiler of this Memoir, feeling desirous of forming a 
correct estimate of Mr. Bailey's literary qualifications and 
religious views, made a careful abstract of most of his sermons 
which came into his possession. He had written on the ab- 
stract the words : The folloiring' is not intended for publica- 
tion. But a friend, well qualified to advise in such matters, 
wished him to strike out the words above-named and hand the 
abstract, with other "copy," to the printer. My clerical breth- 
ren can appreciate the labor necessary to make an analysis of 
such a large number of sermons, many of them imperfect, and 
some not easy to be deciphered; and if an error in judgment 
has been committed, they will, it is believed, pardon it, in 
consideration of the nature of the task which I imposed upon 
myself. 

St. Luke xxii. 44. On the suflerings of Christ. 1759. 
A quotation is made in this discourse from "an An- Gloucester'" 
eient Father, on the wide exteqt of the efficacy of ^""^^P^, 
Christ's sufferings." The divinity of Christ and his March and 
equality with the Father, are emphatically set forth No. i. 
in this sermon. [This discourse is numbered eight 
by Mr. Bailey.] 

1 Chronicles xxviii. 9. [Imperfect.l Hampton, 

^ * ^ Falls, J'e 3d. 

No. 2. 

Hebreivs ix. 26. Christ's sacrifice. No. 3. 

Psalms i. Exposition of this Psalm. [Imperfect.] ^o- ^• 



Imperfect. This MS. contains also a list of books 1760. 
distributed by order of Venerable Society, sundry ^°- ^• 
baptisms, and memos, of the sickness of Mr. Bailey. 



The greater part of a Thanksgiving Sermon: "this 1761. 
is the first opportunity that ever presented of having ^£^^^^3^''' 
a Thanksgiving celebrated in this place." Attacks ^o. 6. 



296 



APPENDIX. 



1762. 

I'rankfort, 
ecember. 
No. 6a. 



by Indians. " These events, we all know, have fre- 
quently happened in this country till the present and 
the year past." 

Psalm cxvii. 1st and part of 2d verse. A Thanks- 
giving Sermon. I. Consider the various instances 



of Divine goodness 



Frankfort, 
August 29th. 
No. 66. 

1763. 

Frankfort, 
July 16th. 

No. 7. 

No. 8. 

Frankfort, 

June 10th. 

No. 9. 



1. In continuing the life and 



prosperity of our Sovereign ; 2. In the preservation 
of the Queen and the birth of a Prince ; 3. Contin- 
uance of our civil and religious liberties ; 4. In suc- 
cess of our armies, both by sea and land, e. g. con- 
quest of Havana, expulsion of the French from New 
Foundland, the capture of several ships of war from 
the French and Spaniards ; 5. The prospect of an 
honorable and lasting peace. 

Psalm viii. Exposition of this Psalm. 

Proverbs x. 19. Sins of the tongue. 



Esther vii. 6. 
of Haman. 



Guilt the cause of fear. Example 



1764. St. Mattheiu v. 37. A proper use of the tongue 

Mar"ch^22d. enjoined. [This sermon was corrected by Rev. J. W. 
No. lo: ■ Weeks, Numbered 2.] 



Place and Part of a ChristiTias Sermon. St. Chrysostom 

date want'g. 

No. 11. quoted. 



1765. 

Frankfort, 

March 1st. 

No. 12. 

Frankfort, 

July 12th. 

No. 13. 

1766. 

Frankfort, 

^ No.'^u".^^'^' sermon was corrected by Rev. J. W. Weeks.] 



21. 



Daniel iv. 30. On self-conceit. [Numbered 11.] 

Proverbs xxvi. 12. On self-conceit. [Numbered 
•] 

Genesis xix. 26. Punishment of Lot's wife. [This 



APPENDIX. 297 

Acts xvii. 25 to 28. A Fast Day Sermon. ^'■='?>j[°'*' 

•' April 24tli. 

No. 15. 

Genesis xx. 11. The fear of the Lord. 2d divis- No. 16. 
ion : When any person and place may be said to be 
destitute of the fear of the Lord. 1. When the in- 
habitants of any place are addicted to intemperance 
and immodesty] 2. When they give themselves up 
to profane sicearing ; 3. When a spirit of lying uni- 
versally prevails ; 4. When they give themselves up to 
slander, revile and backbite their neighbors ; 5. When 
a spirit of 6'Ow/en/io« and (7?/arre///w5" prevails; 6. When 
they live in the neglect of the ivorship of God. 



St. John xvi. 2d and 3d verses. On persecution 1767. 
[A correction made by Rev. J. W. Weeks. Num- mTosS'"' 
bered 6, by Mr. B.] No? 17/ 

2d article of the Apostle^ s Creed. Exposition of Frankfort, 

TAT o 1 August 9th, 

the same. [No. 2.J No. 17a. 



1 Corinthians ix. part of 24th verse. The Christ- Fjanj^^rj 
ian race. previous to 

J-'ebr'ry 5th. 
No. 176. 

St. John V. 39. Search the Scriptures. [No. 2.] Frankfort, 

Febr'ry 5th. 
No. 17c. 

Joshua vii. 25. Wicked men cause all the trouble, Pownaiboro, 
&c., of the world ; but they shall be punished here or ^^^o,%, 
hereafter. [Numbered 2 by Mr. Bailey.] 

Joshua ix. 22, 23. Sin of deceiving another. Frankfort, 
[This is headed Scripture History, No. , by Mr. Vo. 19. ' 
Bailey.] 

Frankfort, 

Romans xl 20. On self conceit. [No. 4.] "^Eo.^*^' 

1769. 
Ruth iv. 13. Character of Boaz. Frankfort, 

Sept. 7th. 
No. 21. 



2 Samuel xviii. 33. Conduct of Absalom, his death ; 1770. 
38 



298 APPENDIX. 

Frankfort, Kinsf David's grief I cause of this srief — a belief 

August 18th. ^ & » ^ , n 

No. 22. that Absalom would be eternally punished. 
No. 23. V-a.rt of a sermon on love to God. 



Pown'iboro' Ecclesittstcs V. 1, 2. Sermon at the Consecration 

Nov. 4th. 

No. 24. of St. John's Church, Pownalborough : 1st, the sea- 
sons ; 2d, the places; 3d, the manner; 4th, the de- 
sign ; and 5th, the importance of Public Worship. 
[Prefixed to this sermon is "A Prayer at the dedica- 

tion of St. John's Church, Pownalborough."] 

1771. 

Pownalboro, , •■• ^c oi 

Nov. 18th. Proverbs in. 25. Shame the promotion of fools. 

No. 25. 

1772. 

Pown'iboro, '^^- Matthciu V. 44. The duty of benevolence. 

April 23d. 
No. 26. 

Pown'iboro, Hebreios xii. 7. Duties of fathers to their children. 

May 27th. 

No. 27. 

Pown'iboro' ^^, Mctttheiu iv. 19 and 20. Duty of following 

June 2nth. "^ ^ 

No. 28. Christ. 



Pown'iboro' Job IV. 14. Qii the nature and advantages of 

July 17th. -r. T,^ , ^ , 

No. 29. Fear. Part rirst. 



Pownalboro' Isaiah li. 7. On the excesses of Fear. Part second. 

No. 30. 



Pown'iboro' St. Mattkeiv xiii. 7. The vanities which hinder 
the Gc 
fourth. 



No. 31. * the Gospel taking effect in the hearts of men. Part 



Pown'iboro' Revelatiotis (?) — . — . Probably for All Saints' 
No. 32. Day. Account of Popish persecutions. 

Pown'iboro' St. Joliti iv. 48. Causes of unbelief. [Original 

No. 33. Jill 

prayer added.] 

Advent Sun- St. Mattkew xxi. 11. The necessity of a Redeem- 
^No. 34. er. " I shall at present endeavour to shew the neces- 



APPENDIX. 299 

sity of a Redeemer, and then, in a number of dis- 
courses, consider and explain the nature of this great 
redemption." [Original prayer added, marked: "Be- 
fore sermon."] 

St. Luke ii. 14. 1st. Value of Peace. 2d. Methods rown'iboro' 
to obtain and preserve it. 3d. Exhortation. iVo."3-5. 

c< -ir 7 ' f T7-- 1 rr- r r-ti ' l Pown'lboro' 

ot. JlaUneiv xxi. 5. Kmgly ollice of Christ. Dec. 29th. 

^ -^ No. 36. 



Job XXX. 23. Feelings of .various classes of sin- 1773. 
ners at the approach of death. ja„. 20th. 

No. 37." 



St. Mattheir xiii. 7. A fondness for popular ap- Pown'iboro' 

" "th. 
38. 



plau^se is one of those things which choke the good "^^^ 



seed. 

II. Samuel xii. 31. Character of David. Cau- Pown'lboro' 
»n to be used ii 
ture personages. 



tion to be used in estimating the characters of Scrip- "Nor3i). 



St. Mallheio xii. 31, 32. The sin against the Pown'lboro' 
Holy Ghost. ^%^.%. 

Acts i. 1 to 6. " An exposition of the Acts of the Powniboro' 
Apostles." [No. 1.] "^No.Il '^' 

Proverbs iii. 17. The pleasure derived from the Pown'lboro' 

,. c • , Sept. 2!)th. 

practice ot virtue. ivo. 42. 

St. Mattheiv xiii. 8. Parable of the good ground. Pown'lboro' 

No. 43. 

St. Matthew xiii. 8. Part II. of same discourse. Pown'lboro' 

No. 44. 



St. Mattheiv xv. 18. Caution against following 1774. 
those who attempt to spread new and unauthorized j°ne"25t°h°' 
opinions. No. 45. 



300 APPENDIX. 

Pown'iboro' St. Matthew xviii. 27. Forgiveness of injuries. 

July 7th. 
No. 46. 

Pown'iboro' St. Mttttkeiv xviii. 31 to 35. Aimed against the 

No. 47. practice of creditors imprisoning their poor debtors. 

Pown'iboro' St. MattJieiv XX. 16, God has a right to deal with 

July 14th. ^ 

No. 48. His creatures according to His own pleasure. 
Pown'iboro' St. MattJiew xxi. 28 to 31. Parable of the two 

July 16th. 

No. 49. sons. 
Pown'iboro' St. Mttttheiv xix. 19. Love of our country and 

July 21st. 11 

No. 50. benevolence. 

Pown'iboro* St. Mattliew xxii. 7. Consequences of neglecting 

1^0.^51.** the offers of salvation. [Refers to a former discourse 
on the same subject] 

No. 52. Two lectures on the right training of children. 

No. 54. Want of interest in religion. 

No. 55. Persecutions that holy men have suffered. 

No. 56. The case of Cornelius. [Corrected by Rev. J. W. 

Weeks.] 

No. 57. 2 Samuel i. 16. David's nobleness of conduct 

proposed for imitation. 

No. 53. Shortness and uncertainty of life. [Imperfect] 

No. 59. Death and future judgment [Imperfect] 

No. 60. Robbing God of His glory. [Imperfect] 

No. 61. Dangers arising from national victories. [Imper- 

fect.] 



APPENDIX. 301 

1 King's xvii. 13 and 14. God will reward us for No. 62. 
acts of charity and mercy. Three other points en- 
larged upon in former sermons from this text. 

Genesis vi. part of 3d vs. Danger of being con- No 63. 
nected with persons of vicious characters. [Imper- 
fect.] 

Attributes of God. [Imperfect] No. 64. 

2 Kings X. part of IGth vs. True and false zeal. No. 65. 
[Imperfect.] 

Romans viii. part of 28th vs. 1st. Concerning No. 66. 
those who love God. 2d. The reasons for believing 
that all things should work together for your good. 

Exodus XX. 16. On the ninth commandment. No. 67. 

Philippians ii. 5th to 10th vs. Exposition. [Im- No. 68. 
perfect.] 

Genesis. Sketches of some of the prominent No. 69. 
persons in this book. Chapter i. Life and character 
of Eve. Chapter ii. Life of Adah. Chapter iii. 
Life of Zillah. Chapter iv. Life of Naamah. Char- 
acter of antediluvians. Chapter v. Life of Sarah. 
[Written in a flowing style, though disfigured by 
some ideas and expressions not in good taste.] 

A prayer offered at the execution of criminals. No. 70. 

1 St. Peter iii. 12. 1st. God's favour to the No. 71. 
righteous. 2d. His displeasure against the wicked. 

Deuteronomy, iv. 39. Duty of Knowledge and No. 72. 
consideration. 



302 APPENDIX. 

No. 73. Deuteronomy iv. 39. Same subject continued. 

JNo. 74. St. Luke xiii. 4. Against rash judgments. 

Probably a 1- Reflect a little upon the calamities of war in 
kig"" Sermon. g<?neral ; 2. Give a short history of the Spanish 
No. 75. proceedings in America, with a particular view to 
the Island of Cuba ; 3. To take notice of the remark- 
able successes of the English in some of the preced- 
ing, as well as in this late expedition. In 1758, 
Louisburg taken ; in 1759, capture of Quebec ; in 
1760, conquest of all Canada; Havana taken, Au- 
gust, 1762. " Let us then this day rejoice." [Imp.] 



1776. Three sermons "on Relative Duties," viz.: Nos. 

76,77,79. [See below.] 

No. 76. Respect to superiors. [Imperfect. No. 1.] 

No. 77. 1 St. Peter iii. 8. Duty of superiors to inferiors 

[No. 2.] 

May 5th. Rouians xii. 10. Duty of equals towards each 



No. 78. 



other. [No. 3.] 



May 5th. 1 Timothy W. 2. " That we may lead quiet and 

^°' '^' peaceable lives in all godliness and honesty." 

July 14th. St. Mark x. 17. The young man's enquiry. [Imp.] 

No. 80. 

No. 81. The sin of Jereboam. Caution against sacrificing 

conscience to interest. 



1778. St. James i. 27. 1st. Show who are meant by the 

terms fc 
due to 
mon 7.] 



Bostor, terms fatherless and widows. 2d. The treatment 
No. 82. due to persons of this description. [Endorsed ser- 



APPENDIX. 303 



Zechariah ix. 12. [Endorsed " Sermon eight,] A Pown'iboro' 
Farewell Discourse delivered at Pownalborough, July, Vo. 83. 
1778." 1. Give some explanation of the text. 2. 
Make some reflections suitable to the present occa- 
sion. 



1780 
Psalms Ixv. 11. Reasons for gratitude during the cornwaiii's 

year past. ""to^u;' 



Duty of promoting peace. 1781. 

J ^ != * Cornwallis. 

Xo. 8o. 

St. Mark i. lo. 1. The nature and extent of re- cornwaiiis, 
pentance. 2. The necessity of it. ^^ ^q^' 

Acts xvi. 29, 30. Narrative of the imprisonment ComwaiHs, 
of two Apostles. Application of the jailors ques- no. 87. 
tions to the present hearers. 

St. John iii. 3. Errors with respect to conversion. Comwaiiis, 

TAT 1 « 1 ^^'P'^- 17th. 

[No. 14.] Ko. 88. 

Hebreivs xii. 14. Advantages of peace. [No. 3.] Comwaiiis, 

° ' "■ •■ Dec. .5th. 

No. 89. 

Psalms cxv. 16. The goodness of God calls for Comwaiiis, 
gratitude. [No. 4. An original collect prefixed to No. 90.' 
this sermon. 1 



1 St. Peter iv. 18. Description of the righteous 1783. 
and the sinner. j^^^Y^f^i 

No. 91. 

1 St. Peter iv. 18. Difficulty of salvation and Annapolis, 
certainty of future punishment. No. 92. 

St. Luke xviii. 18 to 22. 1. An account of this Annapolis, 

r» -VT I (• \ August 17th. 

young man. 2. jNature and extent oi the command No. 93. 

given to him. 3. Practical reflections. [No. 3.] 

1784. 
Genesis ix. 9. The temptation of Joseph. Prac- Annapolis, 

tical remarks. ^o. 94. 



304 APPENDIX, 



Annapolis, Genesis ix. 9. The example of Joseph recom- 
lfo.^95.^ ■ mended, especially to the young. 



1786. Genesis xxxvii. 19. The nature, effects and un- 

F°b ^•^^'M^^' reasonableness of envy. " Scripture History." 

NofQe'. 

Annapolis, St. Mtttthew xi. 12. A mere outward profesion 

Sept. 2oth. Ml J r J. 1 

No. 97. Will not secure our luture happmess. 
Annapolis, Against the love of money. [Imperfect.] 

No. 98.' 

Annapolis, Romans vi. 16. " Servitude of sin ; its danger." 

Feb. 1st. d J i. 

No. 99. Second part. 



1787. Judges ix. 14, 15. Endeavor to draw some moral 

fT'Yh'^' ^^^ religious observations from these words. [No. 1.] 

No. 100. 

Annapolis, Judgcs ix. 14, 15. The vanity and pride of human 

No. loi". nature. [No. 2. Part 2.] 

Annapolis, Acts xviii. part of 17th vs. True Christian zeal. 

Feb. 17th. ^at o i 

No. 102. [No. S.] 

Annapolis, tIc^s xviii. part of 17th VS. Counterfeit zeal. [No. 4.1 

Feb. 19th. ' *• - 
No. 103. 

Annapolis, j^cts xviii. part of 17th vs. Indifference to religion. 

Feb. 22rl. r^T ri 

No. 104. [No. 5.] 

Annapolis, Psttlvis xlix. 13. The folly of men. [No. 6.] 

Feb. 21st. 
No. 105. 

Annapolis, Devt. XXX. 15. Abuse of the grace of God. 

Feb. 22d. r^ „-, 

No. 106. [J-^O. 7.J 

Annapolis, St. Jjuke xii. 1. Display some appearances of 

No. 107. this Pharisaical hypocrisy and show its baseness. 
[No. 8.] 

Annapolis, 

^ No^^^os. St. Lnke xii. 1. Same subject continued. [No. 9.] 



APPENDIX. 305 

St. Luke xii, 1. Same subject continued. [No. ^""^P?iis, 

' •' •■ Feb. 26th. 

10.] JN'o. 109. 

St. Mark x. 17, 18. " One may be apparently Annapolis, 

I . I c - ,1 March. 

strict and punctual in the performance of moral du- No. no. 
ties, without being entitled to everlasting happiness. 
[No. 11.] 

St. Mark x. 17, 18. " It concerns us to examine: Annapolis, 

1 mi 1- • • r • ^ i -> nii March 2fith. 

1. Ihe disposition ot our minds; and 2. Ihe extent iNo. in. 
of our obedience." Practical application. [No. 12.] 

Job i. li^, 19, 20. 1. To make some reflections Annapolis, 
upon the story and conduct of Job ; 2. Observe that n'o. 112. 
calamity is tiie portion of human nature; 3. Enquire 
what improvement we ought to make of alllictions. 
[No. 13.] 

Ecc/esiastcs ix. 12. A funeral sermon. Brief. Annapolis, 

nvT 111 April 10th. 

[No. 14.] •^o. 113. 

Proverbs x. 19. 1. Consider some of those sinful Annapolis, 

1 • I . 1 , 1 • , 1 ,. April 16th. 

excesses which are occasioned by a multitude of iXo. 114. 
words; 2. Exhibit the wise regulation of our dis- 
course recommeifded in the text. [No. lo.] 

St. Luke xiii. o. 1. Against rash judgment; 2. ApriUTth! 
Exhortation to repentance. [No. 16.] 



JNo. 115. 



;S/. Luke xiii. o. 1. Many instances of sudden Apriiloth! 
bereavement; 2. Caution against delay of repent- ^°' ^^®" 
ance. [No. 17.] 

Proverbs x. 19. Against talebearing. [No. 18.] Apdmth.' 

No. 117! 

St. Maltheiv v. 8. 1. Enumeration of spiritual Annapolis, 
evils ; 2 Application. [" No. 2 on the text St. Mat- No. lis. 
theiv, V. 8."] 

39 



306 



APPENDIX. 



Annapolis, 
Dec. 22d. 
No. 119. 



1788. 

Annapolis, 

Jan. 13th. 

No. 120. 

Annapolis, 

Jan. 2-5 th. 

No. 121. 



Annapolis, 

Jan. 30th. 

No. 122. 



Annapolis, 
Feb. 1st. 
No. 123. 



Annapolis, 
Feb. 6th. 
No. 124. 



St. Luke ii. 20. 1. Occurrences before the birth 
of Christ. 2. Angels appear to the shepherds, and 
message. 3. Suitable reflections. [Sermon 8.] 

St. Matthew iv. 10. Duty to God. 

St. Luke ii. 34. Presentation of Christ in the 
Temple. While the coming of Christ shall prove 
the salvation of some, it shall increase the condem- 
nation of those who neglect his precepts. Let us 
then repent. [Sermon 9.] 

St. Matthew ii. 1. Brief account of the Magi. 
Herod's jealousy at the birth of another prince. The 
Magi not disgusted by the poverty in which Mary 
and the infant Saviour were found to be. Their con- 
duct contrasted with that of men in these days. 
Let the trouble the Magi took to come to Christ ex- 
cite us to ^eek him. [Sermon 10.] 

St. Matthetv ii. 16. Character of Herod. Ac- 
count of the massacre by his order. [A spirited 
sketch.] This story displays the terrible effects of 
ambition. This passion whether it appears in a 
single person, or a Congress of risirtg heroes, is like 
the inundation of a mighty river. Humanity and 
benevolence recommended. [Sermon 11.] 

St. Liike ii. 40. Character of Herod and account 
of his death. Explanation of the text. The ex- 
ample of Herod teaches us the danger of delaying 
repentance. Lastly: Let every person be excited 
to increase in wisdom and understanding. [Ser- 
mon 12.] 



Annapolis, St. Luke ii. part of 51st VS. The first part of this 

No. 125. discourse refers to the 45, 46, 47, 48 and 49 verses of 

this chapter. 1. From the example of our blessed 



APPENDIX. 307 

Lord, we may learn the necessity of Confirmation, 
when it may possibly be obtained. Explanation of 
Confirmation. Children urged to acquaint them- 
selves with the nature of their Baptismal vows. 
The Saviour's example of obedience commended to 
children. [Sermon 13.] 

Daniel v. 27. An account of the revels of Bel- Annapolis, 
shazzar, the hand-writing; consequent terror, and no. "126. 
Daniel's interpretation of the mysterious characters. 
(Written with considerable power.) 1. God knows, 
considers, and examines all our actions with the 
greatest exactness. [Sermon 2.] 

Daniel v. 27. When we purpose to enter upon Annapolis. 
any enterprise let us ask ourselves, if our conduct ^°' ^^^* 
in it will stand the test? "Endeavor to shew when 
people may be reckoned (to be) in a dangerous situ- 
ation." Several particulars named. " Let us then en- 
gage in works of repentance, piety, devotion, ciiarity 
and temperance. But our most perfect performances 
will not avail without the atonement of the Son of 
God." [Sermon 3.] 



St. John iii. 1, and part of 2d vs. Short account Annapolis 
Nicodemus. Does the conduct of Nicodemus 
merit applause or the contrary ? Answered in the 
negative 
mon 4.] 



of Nicodemus. Does the conduct of Nicodemus ^;'o. 128. 
merit applause or the contrary ? Answered in the 
negative in the remainder of this discourse. [Ser- 



St. Luke iii. part of 12th verse. Character of Annapolis, 
John Baptist's preaching. " The subject before us ^^j^o^'^^g 
and the season of the year invite us to repentance." 
Reasons for repentance. [Sermon 14.] 



Romans iv. part of 25th verse. The circumstances Annapolis, 
of the death of Christ. The sins of the world were '^^"^r'^'^l:^}- 
the cause of the sufferings and death of our Saviour. 



308 



APPENDIX. 



Annapolis, 

March 14th. 

No. 131. 



1. The thought of this should humble us; 2. It 
should fill us with hatred of sin ; 3. we should avoid 
sin. [Sermon 5.] 

St. Luke XI. 4. Definition of temptation, 1. Trials 
and afllictions which prove our faith. 2. The en- 
deavors of Satan to draw us into sin. 3. Our own 
depraved appetites may draw us into sin. Therefore 
we should pray to God for His aid and protection. 
Caution ; God never leads any one into temptation. 
We should carefully shun all temptations. [Ser- 
mon 6.1 



Annapolis, ^^. Lvke xi. 4. 1. Human nature is weak in re- 
March 18th. 
No. 132. sisting temptation. Yet many persons voluntarily 

expose themselves to it. Can these, with propriety, 

offer the prayer in the text? God promises his aid 

to those who shun temptations. [Sermon 7.] 

Annapolis, Ptomans iv. part of 25th vs. 1. The Resurrection. 

March 20 th. ■ . o m 

No. 133. 2. The design and importance of this event, o. The 
improvement to be made of it. [Sermon 8.] 



Annapolis, St. Mattketv hi. 15. Account of the preceding 
No. iu. ' circumstances: 1. Christ's example on this occasion 
should convince us that it is our duty to obey all 
commands of God ; 2. Observe the humility of John 
Baptist; 3. Notice the regular proceedings of Divine 
Providence, even in the most weighty concerns. Ap- 
plication. [Imperfect. Sermon 15.] 

Annapolis, St. Matthew i. 1 to 11th verse. Explanation of 

March 29th. . f r^\ • • i i • i n < • 

No. 13.5. the temptation or Christ, with practical reflections 
[Sermon 16.] 

Annapolis, Amos vi. 1. Multitudes repent of their sins with- 
No. 13G. out any real reformation. The human heart has 
many ways to deceive itself. Specification of some 
of these ways. [Sermon 9.] 



APPENDIX. 309 

Amos vi. 1. Many Christians content themselves Annapolis, 
with a cold and partial performance of their duty, "^xo 137. 
[Sermon 10.] 

St. John i. 47, 48. Four of the disciples of John Annapolis, 
Baptist described. Among them was Nathaniel, xo. 133.' 
Explain the meaning of the words "in whom is no 
guile," and then enquire if the description will agree 
with our own characters? [Sermon 17.] 

St. John ii. 11. Account of the miracle : 1. Make Annapolis 
some observations on this occurrence; 2. Attempt ^12*'' ^^Ijj- 

' ' iSo. 1J9. 

some practical improvement. [Sermon IS.] 

St. John ii. 24. The care of the Jews in observing Annapolis, 
externals of religion shames the conduct of many *^'^'J ^|q" 
Christians. Christ's driving the traffickers from the 
Temi)le shows that religious buildings have a rela- 
tive sanctity. Christ would " not commit himself" 
to certain who professed to be his disciples, and why ? 
From this, and other passages, wc are persuaded of 
Christ's divinity. Christ is therefore omniscient. 
Have we always acted under a persuasion of this 
truth? [Sermon 19.] 

St. John iii. 5. Brief account of the interview Annapolis, 
between Christ and Nicodemus. Surprise of Nic- x'q. hi. 
odemus. Explanation by Christ. " Our blessed 
Lord has united Baptism with Regeneration, and 
has declared the necessity of both in the strongest 
terms." " The outward sign must not be omitted 
if we expect the inward spiritual grace." " We learn 
from this discourse of our Lord with Nicodemus, 
the necessity of an heavenly disposition, and that 
our souls must be renewed and sanctified, &c. &c." 
[Sermon 20.] 

St. Mattheiv v. 43. Our Saviour encouraged that Annapolis, 



310 APPENDIX. 

May 2d. afFection and benevolence which is the most amiable 
No. 142. yjf^^p^ i\^Q brightest ornament of human nature. 
Our benevolent feelings to have no limits. I in- 
tend this discourse chiefly as an introduction to 
this great and important branch of Christianity. 
Paraphrase of the story of the good Samaritan. 
Selfishness the character of the present age. Our 
forbearance in religion proceeds from indifference to 
it rather than from true charity. [Sermon 11.] 

Annapolis, Proverbs i. 10. 1. Many persons endeavor to 
No. U3. seduce others into sin, and successfully. 2. These 
seducers are atrocious sinners. 3. "Enlarge upon 
Solomon's caution." [Sermon 12.] 

June 14th. Secoud scrmon in which the same subject is con- 
tinued. [Sermon 13.] 

June 20th. Third sermon in which the same subject is con- 
tinued. [Sermon 14.] 

June 17th. St. Mark X. 16. 1. Explain the nature and urge 
the necessity and advantage of confirmation. 2. 
Address myself to the younger part of this congre- 
gation. 

July rith. St. Lnke x. 41, 42. Religion is a matter of the 

utmost concern and importance. [Sermon 16.] 

July 18th. 1 Corinthians x. 3, 4. Comparison between man- 
na and the Gospel. [Sermon 17.] 

Proverbs i. 24, 25, 26. 1. God in tender compas- 
sion for mankind continues to repeat His gracious 
invitations. 2. Notwithstanding this, we are dis- 
posed to reject His condescending offers. [Sermon 18.] 



No. 148. 



APPENDIX. 311 



NOTICES OF LOYALISTS. 

The papers of the Rev. Jacob Bailey, which have been pre- 
served, are of a very miscellaneous character. 

Some of them furnish information not before known respect- 
ing persons of some note in their day. The notices which 
follow, refer, exclusively, to those who, at the time of the Amer- 
ican Revolution, favored more or less the Royal cause. 

Great credit is due to Lorenzo Sabine, Esq., for his very 
full and accurate work, containing biographical sketches of 
American Loyalists. With all the labor which must have 
been bestowed on that book, it is still somewhat imperfect, 
either in the brevity of the notices of some of the persons 
spoken of, or in the entire omission of the names of some who 
adhered to the British Crown. The contents of this Appen- 
dix supply in a measure this deficiency. The present writer 
supposed that there might be a general desire in the Protestant 
Episcopal Church to learn all that could be gathered of the 
history of those of its ministers, who retained their allegiance 
in the trying times of the American Revolution. While he 
has, therefore, made full extracts from the MS. materials in 
his possession to gratify this desire, he has also availed him- 
self to some extent of other sources of information. 

Some of the persons noticed in the following sketches were 
in humble life, and perhaps, on account of their never having 
possessed any extensive infl^ience, it may be supposed that 
any memorials of them are hardly worth preserving. Still 
these slight sketches will probably have a local interest. More 
than this, they serve also in some degree as contributions to 
the general history of the State in which the subjects of them 
lived. The writer of the present Memoir could not resist the 
desire which he felt to select from the time-worn MSS. which 



312 APPENDIX. ' 

were intrusted to him, such facts as appeared worthy of being 
inserted in an Appendix. From the increasing interest now 
felt not only in Antiquarian but Genealogical researches, the 
compiler feels assured of the readiness with which many will 
read every one of the following articles. They who are not 
interested in some of these brief sketches can of course pass 
them over, with the consolation that the insertion of them adds 
nothing to the price of the book in which they are contained. 

Rev. Edward Bass, D. D., and first Bishop of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church in Massachusetts. 

Mr. Bass's ancestors were among the first settlers of Massachusetts Colony, and 
settled in Roxbury about 1633. In about ten years they removed theuce to Braintree 
(now Quincy.) 

The subject of this notice was born in Dorchester, Mass., Nov. 23d, 1726. He 
entered Harvard College when he was thirteen years old, and graduated in 1744. For 
some years after he was engaged in the instruction of youth, and in theological studies. 
He was licensed to preach among the Congregationalists, if indeed he was not or- 
dained a minister by them.* On the 24th of May, 1752, he was admitted to Deacon's 
Orders by the Bishop of London, and having shortly afterwards been ordained Priest, 
he returned to his native country, and on the death of the Rev. Matthias Plant, Minis- 
ter of Queen Anne's Church in Newbury, Miss., took charge of that Parish. 

At the commencement of the American Revolution, Mr. Bass, in common with the 
other Mmisters of the English Church, was placed in a situation of extreme embar- 
rassment. 

It would seem, that to a certain extent, he complied with the wishes of the officers 
of his Church, and omitted the prayers for the Royal Family. The following papers 
•will show the light in which he was regarded by the Society in England, who.se Mis- 
sionary he was. In writing to the Secretary of that Society, under date of Nov. 9th, 
1781, Rev. J. Bailey says : " At the earnest request of the Rev. Mr. Bass, the late 
Missionary at Newburyport, I venture to lay before you the following representation 
of his circumstances and conduct, and, if it will not give offence to the Society, I beg 
you will communicate it. Two gentlemen, upon whose veracity and honor I can entirely 
depend, have lately been with me, and affirm that Mr. Bass is a most sincere friend to 
Government ; that though he was obliged to omit the usual prayers for the King, yet 
he never could be induced to pray for the revolters, either in the civil or milii-ary de- 
partment; that he has alwiys refused to read the resolves, declarations, or any other 
papers appointed by rebel authority ; that he ha-; been of great service in moderating 
the violent, in confirming the doubtful, and in making converts of such as would 
attend to his arguments, and that it is his most sincere design to promote the interests 
of the Church, and the supremacy of Br tain over her Colonies. I can attest the 
greater part of the above account, and I always considered him as an honest, worthy 
man, and I am authorized to observe that he is .he more deeply affected in having for- 
feited the favor of that Tenerable body which he served so long, than at the loss of 
his salary, though he is wholly subsisted by charity." In reply to this statement, 

* " The bearer. Mr. Bass, has preached for some time among the dissenters, to good acceptance. F. 
MlLLKVi."—JI(iio tins' Missions o/ Church oj England, p. 219. 




V/.v/^, 



ATPENDIX. 313 

the Secretary of the Venerable Society says, January 29'h, 1782: " That part of your 
letter which concerns Mr. Bass, has a little surprised me, since amont? other witnesses 
of his disloyal principles and conduct, you seem to have been among the number. For 
when Mr. (Rev. J. AV. W.) Weeks wa.s in Eigland, he assured me in these words: 
'That Mr. Bass went so far as to preach a sermon, exhorting his hearers to give their 
money liberally for clothing the rebel soldiers. Mr. Bailey, my brother, was present 
on the occasion, and heard the sermon.' I should be glad if you would explain this 
and, if you can, reconcile it with your last letter. The clergy of Boston, in the begin- 
ning of the troubles, disapproved of Mr. Bass's conduct, and wrote over that he 
complied too far with the prevailing powers. He is said to have kept all the Fasts, 
&c., appointed by Congress, and to have read the Declaration of Independency in 
his Church. All this Mr. Bass must clear himself of, and very fully too, before he 
can be restored to the Society's favor. P. S. If Mr. Bass had been truly loyal, I 
can't see how it was possible for him to stay at Xewburyport, a place so much in favor 
of the other part." 

In answering this letter, May 4th, of the same year. Rev. J. Bailey savs : " With 
respect to Mr. Bass, and the information I gave to Mr. Weeks, the case is, in brief 
as follows: being compelled to leave my family to avoid confinement on board a 
guard ship, I wandered through the country, and about the middle of November came 
to Newburyport, and was at Church on a day of public thanksgiving appointed by the 
Congress. Mr. Bass desired me to preach, but I refused, assuring him that I would 
never deliver a charity sermon to collect money for clothing the rebel soldiers. This 
I repeated soon after to Mr. Weeks, but, as nearly as I can remember, Mr. Bass gave 
us a general discourse, without descending to particulars, or even mentioning the 
occasion of the solemnity. After sermon, the collection was made. Manv refused to 
contribute, and a lady of some distinction declared with a spirited voice, ' I will never 
give a single penny towards the support of rebels.' This bold declaration was per- 
haps the occasion of my retaining the above in my memory. I am very confident 
both from the repeated assertions of Mr. Bass himself, and other circumstances, that 
he refused to read the Declaration of Independency, and he became, on that account 
extremely obnoxious to the violent party. I am certain that he was puljlicly reported 
for a Tory, and I was, one evening just upon my arrival at his house, witness to a 
scene equally ludicrous and indecent, for as he was returning from an entertainment 
■with his wife, he was pursued along the street by near two hundred persons, who pelted 
him with dirt and stones, and treated him with the most indelicate language. * « 
On the whole, I am persuaded that Mr. Bass was conducted into his deviations, not 
from even the least inclination to the cause of the revolters, but from a mistaken zeal 
for the Church, which, he imagined, in some measure, would justify his compliance." 
Rev. S. Parker, Rector of Trinity Church, Boston, wTites to Rev. J. Bailey, Dec. 22 
1782. "Mr." (Rev. J. W.) "Weeks was dismissed from the Society's service with 
much greater reason, I think, than poor brother Bass, whose loyalty during the whole 
contest has stood unimpeachcd." 

The following is from a letter from Rev. Edward Bass, Newburyport, Dec. 29th 
1783 : " That I sho«-e 1 a readiness to keep all the Congress Fasts, as Dr. Morice hath 
been informed, is not true. I complied wiih much reluctance. It is indeed true that 
I did generally open my Church on those days, but not in consequence of orders or 
commands from any Rebel authority whatever, none of whose papers I ever once 
read in Church, but of the earnest request of my parishioners, who represented it to 
me as the only probable way of saving the Church from destruction, while people in 
general were in such a frenzy. Besides a number of private letters written by my 
friends in my favor, my wardens did last year sign a testimonial of my loyalty: the 
Hon'ble Mark H. Wentworth and George Jaffrey presented me with another, which 
I begged the favor of Governor Wentworth to present to the Society," 

40 



314 APPENDIX. 



In a postscript to a letter from Rev. Edward Bass, in the Spring of 1784, he says : " By 
the good offices of your Brother Weeks, this Church is, Ithink, like to fall very soon." 

Rev. J. Bailey wrote to the subject of this sketch, March 7th, 1787: " I received 
a letter from you last November, with your remarks upon the Society.* Our Brother 
Clark, formerly of Dedhani, was present, from whom I chiefly collected the following 
account of your affdirs. After Mr. Weeks had procured, by his representations, a 
suspension of your pay, my letters and other testimonials arrived in your favour, 
which induced the Board to revise your case, and to make some further enquiries. In 
consequence of which, one Salter was produced, who declared upon oath that he had 
been a parishioner of yours ; that you omitted all the prayers for His Majesty, etc., 
observed all the rebellious fasts and thanksgivings, and read the Declaration for Inde- 
pendence, without the advice, and contrary to the desire of your Parish, and that you 
not only encouraged privateering, but was actually engaged in the plunder of British 
property. (Quere, who was this Salter ? Was it not Malachi, who visited New Eng- 
land in the autumn of 1777, and who afterwards made a voyage to London ?) This 
evidence, however, greatly increased, or rather confirmed every prejudice against you. 
After this, your friends exhibited several circumstances in your favour, and had so far 
elucidated your character, that a restoration was almost agreed to. Upon which Mr. 
Clark was examined for a deciding voice, the Arch-Bishop assuring him that should 
his testimony prove favourable, the Society would confirm your salary. But this gen- 
tleman, it appears, declared upon his honour, that he regarded you as a friend to the 
rebellion, upon which they immediately passed a vote of reprobation. I have had 
several warm altercations with Mr. Clark on this subject, and have demanded the 
foundation of his opinion. In reply, he alleges, that upon a visit with Mrs. Bass, at 
Dedham, he conceived that both you and your lady were greatly attached to the rebel- 
lion ; but, I conjecture, that he was chiefly influenced in his sentiments by what Mr. 
Weeks and others had asserted." 

Several letters from Mr. Bass of a later date are preserved. They relate mainly to 
domestic matters. Some of them inclosed letters to his brothers Joseph and John 
Bass, then living in the neighborhood of Mr. Bailey. 

The degree of D. D. was conferred on Mr. Bass by the University of Pennsylvania, 
in 1789. Seven years after. Dr. Bass was chosen Bishop of Massachusetts, and in 
1797 was consecrated in Philadelphia, by Bishop White; Bishops Provost and Claggett 
assisting. At the request of the Churches in Rhode Island and New Hampshire, he 
exercised his Episcopate in those States. Until his death, which happened in 1803, 
he retained the charge of St. Paul's Church, in Newburyport, which he had held for 
the long space of fifty-one years. He is yet remembered in Newburyport, as a person 
of a remarkably cheerful and even temperament, a lover of peace, to such an extent 
as to have, on some occasions, sacrificed his own undoubted rights, rather than to con- 
tend with avaricious and quarrelsome neighbors. Such traits are remembered when 
even the learning of their subject is forgotten. From the unusual advantages he pos- 
sessed in youth, and his diligent habits at that time, it is probable that his acquire- 
ments were greater than common. 

A marble monument, with a Latin inscription, written by his assistant and suc- 
cessor in the Rectorship, the late Rev. James Morss, D. D., is erected to his memory 
in the Churchyard of St. Paul's, Newburyport. 

* This probably relates to a pamphlet published by 3Ir. Bass, of which the following is the title : 
" A brief Account of the treatment which Jlr. Bass, late Missionary from the Society for the Prop- 
agation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, at Newbury-Port, New England, hath received from said 
Society. Drawn up by Himself, witli Remarks upon particular Parts of it, and addressed to the im- 
p.irtial Public. Admonish a I'riond, it may In; hf- hath not done it. Admonish thy Friend, it may lie 
ho hath not said it. Admonish a Friend, for many Times it is a Slander, and believe not every Taie.— 
Eccles. xis.. 13, 14, 15. London : Printed in the Vcar MUCCLXXXVl." 



APPENDIX. 315 



The writer of the above heard Rev. Dr. ]Morss relate the following anecdote a few 
years since : — 

About the time that the monument to Bishop Bass was erected, the Rector of the 
Parish preached a sermon on the death of Alexander Hamilton, which sermon con- 
tained a warm culo.^y on the deceasf^d. A democratic parishioner shortly after met 
his Rector, and observed : " Mr. Morss, if your iuscriptron on good Bishop Bass's 
monument had been in English, and your eulogy on Alexander Hamilton had been in 
Latin. I. for one, should have been much better pleased." 

The present writer would beg leave to say, that he fully agrees with the parishioner 
in that part of his observation which refers to Bishop Bass. As the memory of a 
devoted minister or bi.shop should be dear to the tiumblest of those under his charge, 
so, it would seem to be self-evident, that enduring tributes to his virturs should be in 
a language that all interested can read. They who have acquired a world-wide repu- 
tation may be commemorated in a language common to the learned in all lands. But 
he whose praise it was, that he did the work of his Divine Master in a faithful spirit, 
can look for no extensive renown. While no reason can be given lor the use of that 
which is " an unknown tongue " to the great mass of those who would gladly read 
his epitaph, the employment of such a tongue of course virtually defeats, in no small 
degree, the object for which his monument was erected. 

Rev. Joshua Wixgate Weeks, Rector of St. Michael's 
Church, Marblehead, Mass. 

Joshua Wingate Weeks was the oldest child of Col. John and Mrs. Martha 
Weeks, and was born in Hampton, N. H., 17 — . He graduated at Harvard College 
in 17'i8, and married Miss Sarah Treadwell, of Ipswich, Mass. 

In November, 1762, the Vestry of St. Michael's Church, Marblehead, " Voted, that 
the Sum of £.30 Sterling be Laid on the pews of said Church to Defray the Charge of 
Mr. Weeks Going home to London to Receive Orders for said Church." 

His marriage, as he states in a letter, dated London, March, 1763, took place before 
he left America. He returned to Marblehead in July of that year, and entered upon 
his duties as Rector of St. Michael's but did not reside there wholly till after the 
lapse of one year. No hint is to be found of the reason of his leaving the faith of 
his family, who were all Congregationalist^, and seeking for Orders in the Church of 
England. 

Several letters, which passed between him and Rev. Mr. Bailey, are in existence. 
From these, it would seem that the first eleven years of his Rectorship at Marblehead 
were passed in quiet enjoyment. During that time he made several visits to Pownal- 
borough, and purchased about eighty acres of land, which, to the present day, bear 
his name. A letter of his, of the date of Nov. 10th, 1774, contains gloomy forebod- 
ings as to himself and his family. The following year he and they were driven from 
Marblehead, by political persecutions, and were obliged to seek refuge with Rev. Mr. 
Bailey, at Pownalborough. Some account of this is given in the previous Memoir, 
p. 108. They were here, at times, at least, from April, 177o, to May of the following 
year. His family resided in Pownalborough during that time. In June of that year, 
Mr. Weeks and his family returned to Marblehead. In a letter from that place to 
Mr. Bailey, dated April 2^th, 1777, Mr. Weeks says : " You ask me ' how I live .' ' I 
am happy to tell you that my friends are uncommonly kind, and even strangers are 
remarkably liberal, and I have received the most unlimited offers from persons I never 
knew." * * "You ask, ' why I ceased to officiate ? ' Because the General Court 
passed an Act against preaching, or praying, with a design of bringing independence 



316 APPENDIX. 



into disgrace, etc., etc. My being obliged to fly and the treatment I received were 
fully related in the English papers, and from thence were inserted in the monthly 
Alagazines, etc." 

Mr. Weeks wrote to Mr. Bailey from Boston, May 2d, 1778. He says : " I am here 
in order to get liberty from the Court to go away, but have the mortification to find 
my petition rejected by tlie House after having been fully and literally granted by the 
Council by an unanimous vote. So there is an end of thinking to go away by leave. 
Mr. Clark of Dedham hath liberty to go, though I am detained." 

A letter from Rev. Mr. Bailey to the subject of this sketch, and addressed to him at 
Newport, R. I., dated Nov. 28th, 1778, says: " I was driven from the regions of Ken- 
nebeck about the 12tn of July, by a warrant, to Boston. Upon my arrival I found that 
you were fled, from a prosecution of the like nature, to Rhode Island." Joseph Domctte 
wrote to Rev. J. Bailey, Boston, Dec. I, of this year : " Mr. Gardiner arrived at New 
York too late to see either his father, or Mr. Weeks, who had sailed for England." 
In the spring of the following year, the following was written by Rev. William Clark, 
at London : " The Rev. Mr. Weeks, being driven from the large and flourishing 
Church of Marblehead, left that Province soon after I did, and for similar reasons, 
and is now going to Nova Scotia with a recommendation from the Society here to the 
Governor and Council of that Province." Mr. Bailey, in a letter to a friend a few 
months after, says : " I am sorry to find that Mr. Weeks meets with any obstructions 
to his settlement at Annapolis. The Governor and Council, for certain impenetrable 
reasons, seem determined to retain Mr. Fisher in that Mission." And shortly after, 
Mr. Bailey says : " About three weeks after my settlement at Halifax, Mr. Weeks 
arrived from England, which afforded a great addition to our happiness. He is ap- 
pointed Missionary at Annapolis Royal, with a salary of £1-40 per Annum, but will 
continue at present in this Metropolis." He continued there from July 16th, to Sep- 
tember 7th, when he sailed for New York. While he was at that place, he says : " The 
Refugees from Massachusetts Bay had a meeting to choose a proper person to repre- 
sent them at the Board. They condescended to choose me Moderator. I thought it 
an honour, and a great one, nor shall I ever be ashamed of such company. For when 
I looked around me I beheld men eminent for their abilities, their birth, their opu- 
lence and connexions ; and had the cause in which we had been engaged been a bad 
one, men of such character would have added lustre to it, and made it respectable." 
A letter froni Rev. Dr. Breynton, Nov. 27th, 1779, says : " You are no stranger lo the 
arrival of Mrs. Wrecks and her eight children. Besides some donations, Mrs. Weeks 
will be allowed about 5 shillings per diem, and Mr. Weeks will be directed to draw for 
the Society's £70, and the other £70 will be given to (Rev.) Mr. Fisher, till the whole 
of that affair can be finally settled." 

It was not till the spring of the following year, that Weeks was able to join his 
family in Halifax. In the following summer he writes : " Rogers has been with me, 
and olTered me one of his battalions, you know he came from the same Province." 

Rev. Mr. Bailey says, in a letter to Rev. Edward Bass, July 28th, 1784: " What- 
ever might be the motives which induced Mr. Weeks in his endeavors to injure you,* 
it has returned upon himself, and he is at present in no eligible situation ; in the ex- 
pensive town of Halifax, with a large family he is reduced to about sixty Pounds, as 
half-pay Chaplain to the Orange Rangers, and fifty-two guineas, which are deducted 
from my perquisites." In the summer of the following year, Mr. Bailey says, in writ- 
ing to a friend : " As to Mr. Weeks, he has been to England, and, after writing three 
humiliating letters to the Society, was admitted candidate for a vacancy, with this 
express condition, on record, that he should first resign the contested Chaplainship. 



* See letter from Bishop Bass, page 201. 



APPENDIX. 317 

But such was his inflexible obstinacy and steadfast determination to injure me, that 
he refused, and returned lo Halifax, though he might have been settled at Digby." 

This matter of the chaplainship is spoken of in the foregoing Memoir, pp. 237, 238. 
It was the means of su>;pending all intercourse between the family of Mr. Bailey, and 
that of his brother-in law, nor is there any evidence that this intercourse was ever 
restored. All that is known by the present writer of the subsequent life of Mr. 
Weeks, is contained in " Aikin's Sketch of the Rise and Progress of the Church of 
England, etc. Halifax: 1849." The author of this work says, p. 49, "The names 
and stations of the Clergy in the Diocese (of Nova Scotia) at this time, (i. e., 1793,) 
were as follows : Joshua "W. Weeks, at Preston." And in a note at the foot of the 
same page, "Removed to Guysborough in 1795, on the death of Mr. De la Roche." 
The Triennial Catalogue of Harvard College gives 1834 as the date of his death. 

E-Ev. William Clark, Rector of St. Paul's Church, Dedham, 
Massachusetts. 

This gentleman was the son of Rov. Peter Clark, of Danvers, Mass. He graduated 
at Harvard College in 17o9, and returned (iom London to Boston, (whiiher he had 
gone to take Holy Orders,) in a ship commanded by Capt. Hall, in 1709. He was 
appointed to the charge of the Church in Stoughton and Dedham. 

Mr. Clark wrote to Mr. Bailey, Dedham, July 10th, 1772, and expressed his desire to 
obtain tlie Parish at Georgetown, Mc., because the salary at Dedham was small, and 
likely to remain so, until the estate belonging to the Parish in reversion should fall in. 
In 1771, the inhabitants of the two townships (i. e. Granville and ,) addressed an 

invitation to the Rev. Mr. Clark, the Missionary at Dedham, Mass., to come and settle 
among them, promising, at the same time, to contribute towards his support. They 
stated that the greater part of them had " been educated and brought up in the Con- 
gregational way of worship, and therefore should have chosen to have a minister of 
that form of worship, but the Rev. Mr. Wood, by his preaching, and performing the 
other offices of his holy function amongst us in the several districts of this county, 
hath removed our former prejudices that we had against the forms of worship of the 
Church of England, as bylaw established, and hath won us to a good opinion thereof, 
inasmuch as he hath removed all our scruples of receiving the Holy Sacrament of the 
Lord's Supper in that form of administering it ; at least many of us are now com- 
municants with him, and we trust and believe many more will soon be added." * 

Rev. J. W. Weeks says. May 2d, 1778 : " Mr. Clark hath leave to go out of the 
country, but I am refused." The same person, in writing shortly after to the Venera- 
ble Society, saysf: " Mr. Clark, of Dedham, on account of his health, got liberty of 
the rebels to go to Newport. He is excessively deaf, so that he cannot perform divine 
service. Some refugees and inhabitants of Newport had subscribed about £30 sterling 
for his support. Though he has no family but a wife, yet he is in great need, and 
merits compassion from all. He was taken up last year and tried at the same time I 
was, and his lawyer deceiving him by going out of town when he ought to have been 
in court, he was, without the least colour of evidence against him, condemned, and 
confined for some time on board the guard ship, by which his health was much injured, 
and his voice so affected that he can hardly be understood." Mr. Clark writes, Lon- 
don, March 3d, 1779 : " I had the happiness to live in peace at Dedham till the spring 
of 1777, when their jealousy being excited by a trifling occasion, I was sentenced to 
banishment and confined on board a ship, for nothing more than refusing to acknowl- 
edge the Independency of America, which was contrary to the sentiments I had of 

♦ Haivkins' Missions, itc, p. 361-2. tHawluns' Missions, p. 256. 



318 APPENDIX. 

my duty to my king, my country, and my God. I was, however, kept a prisoner till 
last June, when 1 got permission to leave their dominions, and after spending a few 
months at Rhode Island and New York, 1 left America about Christmas, and arrived 
here in February by way of Ireland. By my confinement in America, I contracted a 
disorder, which disables me from preaching, and whether I shall ever recover from it 
is at present uncertain." In answer to a remark of Mr. Clark's letter of November 
of this year — " I have not heard since I left her in Rhode Island about a year ago." — 
Mr. Bailey replies: "I saw Mr. Weeks last July, and made particular inquiries con- 
cerning the death of Mrs. Clark, and all the information I could obtain was, that she 
died about the middle of September, a fortnight after her delivi ry, and that her child 
did not long survive her." Under date of London, May 21st, 1783, Mr. Clark writes : 
" I have now the satisfaction to inform you that Government granted me a pension of 
£60 per annum, and I have lately got leave to retire to Nova-Scotia and enjoy my 
pension there." It was not till more than three years after this that Mr. Clark was 
enabled to realize his wish of returning to America. In his letter from Halifa.x, June 
23, 1786, he writes : " I have the satisfaction to inform you that I arrived here 21st 
instant, in the Trooper, Capt. Browse, after a tedious passage of eight weeks from 
London." In the autumn of the same, Mr. Clark was residing with the Rev. J. Bailey 
at Annapolis. Shortly after, Mr. Bailey said in his report to the Yenera'de Society : 
" The Rev. Mr. Clark is with me, and has assisted in administering the sacrament and 
reading prayers, and I am encouraged by his increasing health, to hope that he may 
be able to perform service with still greater satisfaction to himself and others." And 
afterwards, in a letter to a correspondent, Mr. Bailey says: " Mr. Clark was married 
about the 20th November last and lives at the next door, so that I have still the benefit 
of his Millenary library." And in another letter Mr. B. says : " Mr. Clark is married 
to a little, pretty, delicate, chattering woman, about twenty-eight, as unable to rough 
it as himself. It is a disadvantage to Mr. C, that he is totally ignorant of gardening 
and farming." From a previous communication, we learn that the lady's name was 
Mrs. Dunbar, a young widow from New York. 

Mr. Clark had removed to Digby, N. S., previous to June 2d, 1787, for he wrote to 
Mr. Bailey imder that date. In that letter he says : " It seems that a number, perhaps 
forty or fifty, of half-pay oificers and loyalists of this Province were represented 
as apostates, and loitering away their time and money in the rebel countrv, of which 
number I had the honor to be reckoned one, and consequently my pension was stopped 
on this pretence, even before I had arrived at Annapolis the last summer, but my 
agent, by his vigilance, got a reprieve for me and two others he names, till 5th July 
next, in order to give them time to let them know that I continued loyal, alive, and 
in statu quo. * * * The Wardens here have asked me to preach, which I de- 
clined, as I ever wished to begin the trial by reading prayers only." Mr. Clark was in 
Digby Oct. 6, 1789. He returned to this country and resided in Quincy. He died in 
1815, and was buried in the church-yard of his last residence, his grave being marked 
by a monument, the inscription of which is in Latin. 

Rev. John Wiswall, Rector of St. Paul's Church, Fahnouth, 
(now Portland,) Maine. 

Wm. WrLLis. Esq., in his laborious and accurate edition of Smith's Journal, page 
150, note 1, gives an account of this gentlemen, from which I extract that portion 
which relates to him up to the time of his leaving the country : " Mr. Wiswall was 
born in Boston, the son of John Wiswall who kept the Grammar School there. He 
graduated at Harvard College in 1749, and pursued the study of Divinity as a Con- 
gregationalist, in which order he was settled over tlie new Casco parish in Falmouth 
in 1756. In 1761, he married Mary Minot, of Brunswick, daughter of John Minot, 



APPENDIX. 319 

afterwards Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, by whom he had several children. 
In 1764 he changed his religious views, and accepted the invitation of the Episco- 
palians on the Neck, who had just established the first Episcopal Society which 
existed in town, and immediately went to England to receive ordination. The same 
year his Society erected a Church for him on the corner of Church and Middle Str ets, 
whicri was completed the next year. Mr. Wiswall returned in May, 176.5, and con- 
tinued to preach ti his people, respectable in number and character, till the breaking 
out of the Revolution, when his church was burned, and his flock, who were generally 
opposed to the separation from the Mother Country, were scattered abroad." 

Rev. Samuel Peters, in a letter dated London, August 7th, 1781, says : " Poor "Wis- 
wall has been in the West Indies three years, in the ship Boyne." Two years after 
this a letter from England, says : " Mr. Wiswall is at a curacy in Suffolk, where his 
engagement is only for a short time." The next year he arrived at Cornwallis, N. S., 
having been appointed Missionary to that place. He wrote Mr. Bailey, Oct. 1, 1783: 
" This week we chose our Church officers. Sunday I intend to read in, and then Col. 
Burbidge will apply to the Governor for a letter of Induction. * « I am desirous 
that you should be the clergyman to induct me." Mr. Bailey says, under date of 
March 2d, 1784 : " I have just returned from a journey to Cornwallis, undertaken to 
marry our brother Wiswall, late of Falmouth, to one Mrs. Hutchinson, a worthy wo- 
man from JVew York, who has been visited, during the late dissensions, with a singular 
and affecting train of calamities." In a letter to Ilev. Edward Bass, July 28th, 1784, Mr. 
Bailey says : " When your agreeable and welcome letter was delivered into my hands, our 
brother Wiswall was present, himself, his wife, and her youngest daughter, being on a 
visit to our habitation. This observation will naturally conduct me to answer your 
queries respecting that sensible and original genius and his connections. His salary 
from England is only one hundred pounds sterling, for the Society allow the Mission- 
aries here the exact sum they formerly had in New England, but then he has a parson- 
age, worth one hundred and twenty dollars a year, and a decent house, with fuel. His 
wife, about forty-eight years of age, is a Refugee from (Carolina) the Jersies. Her 
fortune has been somewhat singular and very distressing since the commencement 
of the late Revolution. Her husband was drowned. One son was kicked to death 
by a horse. A second lost his life by shipwreck ; and the other was hanged by the 
rebels, as he was attempting to visit his parents. She has remaining one son and 
two daughters, and still possesses about two thousand pounds, the gleanings of a 
very ample estate. Her daughters have a thousand pounds each, lately left them by 
their grandfather in England. She appears to be a very clever woman, is sociable, 
and so prudent in the management of family affairs, that we may with propriety apply- 
to her what was heretofore said of Mrs. Weeks, ' She has abundance of saving knowl- 
edge.' Mr. Wiswall has two sons, both lieutenants in the navy, the eldest, Peleg, is 
at Halifax, and the other, John, has just arrived from Europe." 

Mr. Wiswall left Cornwallis previous to October, 1789. 

In 1708, he was Missionary at Wilmot and Aylesford* He died in 1812. 

Rev. Roger Viets, Rector of St. Andrew's Church, Simsbury, 

Connecticut. 

This gentleman was introduced to Mr. Bailey, by a letter for Rev. Dr. Byles, of 
Halifax, July 5th, 1786, in which he says : "This will be handed you by Mr. Viets, 
formerly Missionary at Simsbury, but now appointed to Digby." He passed the sum- 
mer at his Mission, returning in the autumn to Simsbury. The next year he removed 



* Aikin's Sketch, etc., p. 43. 



320 APPENDIX. 

■with his familj' to JNova Scotia, and entered on the duties of his new Parish. He 
issued " A Serious Address and Farewell Charge to the Members of the Church of 
England in Simsbury and the adjacent parts," which was printed in Hartford, in 
1787. He says, in this pamphlet: " Having led your devotions almost twenty-eight 
years, more than twenty-four of which I have been in Holy Orders," etc., and proceeds 
to give a summary of some of the statistics of the parish during that time. Among 
them is, " Baptisms, Adults, 122; Infants, 1749. From the year 1759 to the present 
time, the number of conformists to the Church has increased from 75 to more than 
280 families, exclusive of the many that have emigrated and the few that have aposta- 
tized." 

In 1789, Mr. Viets published, at Hartford, three sermons preached in Digby during 
that and the preceding year. The following is part of the dedication prefixed to 
them : — 

To 
The Right Reverend 

The Learned, 

The Pious, 
The Respected, 

AND 

Respectable 
^Std/ic^i, of tjVot'a inxica, (jCc. (jj'c. CCc. 

These Discourses, 
etc. 

The singularity shown in this dedication by Mr. Yiets was, (as it would seem from 
Mr. Bailey's letters to their mutual acquaintance,) also apparent in some of his other 
actions. Only one letter of Mr. Viets' to Mr. Bailey has been preserved. It is dated 
December 14th, 1799, and is occupied with complaints that unauthorized persons 
solemnized marriages in the neighborhood. It urges Mr. Bailey to proceed legally 
against such offenders. Mr. Viets died at Digby in 1811, aged seventy-four. 

Dr. Mather Byles, Jr., Rector of Christ Church, Boston, 

Mass. 

The first of Dr. Byles' letters found among Mr. Bailey's papers, is the one notifying 
Mr. B. of the collection made in England for the benefit of the suffering clergy in 
America. An extract from this letter was given on p. 119. Rev. J. W. Weeks writes, 
Halifax, June 11th, 1780, and says : " Dr. Byles goes to him, (i. e.. Col. Rogers,) and 
after melancholy accounts of his own poverty, begged Rogers to give him the first 
battalion. Rogers without any hesitation gave him a warrant. I have not seen him 
(i. e., Rogers,) since, indeed he is now in gaol, but when I do see him, I am determined 
to reproach him for his silly and inconsiderate behaviour." About a month after the 
date of this letter, Dr. Byles wrote Mr. Bailey from the same place, stating that he 
(Mr. B.,) could probably obtain the chaplaincy of one of the battalions spoken of, if 



APPENDIX. 321 



*' he were on the spot " to apply for it. The letter of Dr. Byles, declining the Mission 
to Annapolis in iavor of Mr. Bailey, has been given on p. 187- 

This was but one evidence of the friendly interest the Doctor took in Mr. B.'s con- 
cerns, since by his letters from Halifax, during the three following years, it seems that 
he was exerting himself in various ways to procure the full emoluments of the Mission 
at Annapolis for its incumbent. The son of Dr. Byles says, in a letter, Halifax, Nov. 
2-5th, 1784: " I have no intelligence of any moment from my father, except that he 
has obtained a War office commission for his Chaplaincy to this garrison, which fixes 
it for life." The subject of this notice returned to Halifax from England, in May, 
1785, where he remained at least till July of the following year, and till " about 1791, 
■when he was appointed to St. Johns, N. B."* But Mr. Bailey in his letter, June 6th, 
1789, congratulates him on his appointment to St. Johns. In February, 179-i, he was 
at St. Johns, N. B. The last letter from him is dated at the same place, 2oth August, 
1796. He died at St. Johns, in 1814. 

Rev. BissETT, Rector of Trinity Church, Newport, 

Rhode Island. 

Rev. Samuel Peters says, in a letter to Mr. Bailey, dated Pimlico, England, April 
24th, 1786 : " Mr. Bissctt, late of Rhode Island, is appointed to the City of St. 
Johns, if he gets there before either Scovil or Andrews from Connecticut. One is to 
abide at St. Croix, the other at Chedebucto, near the Gut of Canso, but as Scovil and 
Andrews have petitioned for Chedebucto, perhaps they will be appointed there before 
Christmas. Mr. Bissett is a very sensible man, a good scholar and compiler of ser- 
mons, although too bashful to appear in company, or in the pulpit." In a letter from 
Rev. William Clark, Halifax, June 23d, 1786, he says : " Rev. Mr. Bissett, wife and 
family came passengers with me. Mr. Bissett is appointed Missionary at St. Johns." 
Mr. Bailey says, under date of March 7th, 1783 : " The Rev. Mr. Bissett died lately, 
at St. Johns." 

Rev. Samuel Peters, D. D., Rector of St. Peter's Church, 
Hebron, Connecticut. 

Several letters from this eccentric Divine to Rev. J. Bailey, are preserved. A num- 
ber of extracts have been made from them in the preceding Biography. He expected 
the Bishopric of Nova Scotia, and seems to have taken some pains to influence the 
clergy there to petition that he might be appointed. 

Rev. William Clark wrote to Mr. Bailey, Digby, February 18th, 1781 : " Our friend 
P., (eters) as well for his own personal qualifications, as for that abundant charity and 
benevolence, which he has shewn to the afflicted Loyalists of all denominations, for 
many years, is justly entitled to our esteem and to the notice of Government, as a 
person proper to fill the Episcopal chair here ; with this view, I subscribed for him, 
and also wrote to Dr. Morice my wishes to this purpose. But alas ! who shall say to 
Government, What docst thou? " Rev. S. Parker writes, Boston, October 10th, 1796 : 
" Dr. Peters, Bishop elect of Vermont, cannot obtain consecration in England, nor in 
these States, without a three years antecedent residence." 

Rev. Moses Badger, Itinerant Missionary in the Province of 
New Hampshire. 

Rev. J. Bailey wrote to him at New York, July 1st, 1779. giving him a statement of 
his sufferings from political persecutions. He also wrote to him at the same place, 

* Aikin's Sketch, &c., p. 41. 

41 



322 APPENDIX. 

August 1st, 1780, stating that he had removed to Annapolis, and acknowledging the 
receipt of a letter from him. 

Rev. Henry Caner, D. D., Rector of King's Chapel, Boston, 
Massachusetts. 

Rev. S. Peters writes, August 7th, 1780: " Dr. C (ane)r is in Cardiff, "Wales, hap- 
py in obscurity and Episcopal neglects." Rev. Mr. Bailey says, in a letter to a friend, 
in 1781 : •• By letters from London, I was informed that Dr. Caner had retiied \vith 
his young wife to Cardiff, Wales." 

Dr. Caner died in England, in 1792, aged 92. 

Rev. John Troutbeck, Assistant Minister of King's Chapel, 

Boston. 

Rev. S. Peters, in writing from London, June 9th, 1779, says: "Poor Troutbeck 
has been very sick and given over by his Physicians, after which. Nature and Prayers 
took him out of the power of death, and gave him a new lease of his life." 

Rev. Samuel Chandler, J). J). 

Rev. S. Peters writes, June 4th, 1785 : " Dr. Chandler sailed for New Jersey, May 
17th, 1785." 

Rev. John Vardill, of New York, appointed Rector of 
Church, New York, (but did not accept it.) 

Rev. S. Peters says, in a letter, June 14th, 1785 : " Vardill is in Ireland." 

Rev. Isaac Brown. 

Rev. J. Bailey writes, February 14th, 1784, to Rev. Isaac Brown, at Windsor, N. S. : 
" I have formerly wrote and received no reply either from you or the Doctor, to whom 
and his lady be kind enough to remember us." In 1786, Rev. Isaac Brown is inserted 
in a list of clergy,* as superannuated. Mr. B. is said to have come from New Jersey .f 

Sergeant. (Que., Rev. Winwood, of Cambridge, IMass. ?) 

Rev. Samuel Peters, in writing from London, June 9th, 1779, to Rev. J. Wingate 
Weeks, at Mr. Thomas Brown's, Halifax, says : " I wish you would send the follow- 
ing idea to Mr. Sergeant at Boston, viz., his mother died eighteen months ago. and 
Sergeant is heir to some landed Estate in Beconsfield in Warwickshire, 25 miles from 
London, reported to be worth near £200 per annum. This information I have ob- 
tained of his sister's daughters, named Ratcliffe and Jennett, No. 35, James Street, 
Oxford Road." Rev. S. Peters, in a letter, dated London, Aug. 7th, 1780, to Rev. J. 
Bailey, says : " Sergeant is at Bath, half dead and half alive. His wife is full of 
spirits." 

Sjiith, Capt., (of Plymouth, Mass.) Thomas Brown, in writing under date 

Halifax, December 29th, 1779, to Rev. J. Bailey, Cornwallis, gives a description of 
the loss of the armed ship North, at the mouth of Halifax harbor, December 10th, 
1779, by which 1G5 out of 170 persons perished. He says: "Capt. Smith, who be- 
longed to Plymouth in New England, a man who I have been acquainted with sev- 

* Ailijn"s Sketch, p. 28. t Ibid, p. 39. 



APPENDIX. 323 

eral years, was pilot of the North, and supposed to be as well knowing to this harbor 
as any man, had charge of the ship when she was lost, he has left a widow and eight 
children at Plymouth." 

JoHX McNamarra, (of Pownalborough.) In the records of the town of Pownal- 
borough is found the following entry : 

" John McNamarra, son of Timothy and Ann McNamarra, was born Nov. Gth, 1758, 
Recorded March 6th, 1777. 

Edm'd. BniDOE, Town Clerk." 

The above extract relates to a person, who, though of humble origin, so conducted 
himself during his life as to deserve honorable mention. 

Mr. Bailey says of him when he was discharging the office of the Society's School- 
master in Annapolis, in 1787 : " This schoolmaster is another extraordinary genius. 
He wa5 born at Kennebeck, and came to live with me about the beginning of the 
rebellion. 

" And though his nearest relatives were violent rebels, he was so honest, loyal and 
faithful, as to be employed by the friends of Government in the most critical and 
dangerous exigencies. He was persecuted, fined and imprisoned, but was, however, 
happy enough to make his escape with us to Halifax. He has passed through a 
variety of scenes, and was, about three years ago, appointed the Society's Schoolmaster 
at Annapolis ; and though he has been connected with characters of every description, 
he has given universal satisfaction. He has deservedly the highest reputation for 
sobriety, diligence, and integrity. He has acquired almost every branch of knowledge, 
both spcctlative and practical, and equally excels in arithmetic, astronomy, naviga- 
gation, geography, surveying, mensuration, dialing, and other branches of the 
mechanicks." 

Afterwards Mr. Bailey says: "Mr. McNamarra has expended the whole of his 
salary, and whatever he received when the school was more advantageous, either in 
books, mathematical instruments, etc., for the improvement of himself and scholars, 
or else in charity and the promotion of public designs." 

For a time the subject of this notice held the office of Postmaster in Annapolis, and 
probably continued as the Society's schoolmaster to the time of his death, which took 
place in the spring of 1798. Bishop Inglis said in a letter to Mr. Bailey : " I very sin- 
cerely regret the death of Mr. McNamarra, who was a very worthy useful man. In 
him the community has sustained a considerable loss." 

For many years John, (as he was familiarly called,) was a member of Mr. Bailey's 
family. He was first taken in the capacity of a servant. But during the compulsory 
absences of his employer in the last few years of his residence in Kennebec, this 
young man was of essential service to the family, and doubtless on more than one 
occasion prevented their sutfcring from want of the necessaries of life. Abandoning 
his native land with Mr. and Mrs. Bailey, he was of no little assistance to them after 
their arrival in Nova Scotia. Tliis Mr. Bailey states in his letters. That he who had 
been received into the family in such a subordinate situation, should have had the 
force of mind to rise above the condition of a mere " hewer of wood and drawer of 
water." and, availing himself of the opportunities which Mr. Bailey afforded him, 
should have acquired the amount and variety of information, which his employer says 
he possessed, shows that he could have been no common man. This, with the good- 
ness of heart which characterized him, is enough to justify the humble effort now 
made to rescue his memory from oblivion. The high-born and the wealthy have no 
lack of eulogists, while many who did not possess these advantages, although much 
more worthy of praise, are forgotten. In performing the duty attempted in the above 
notice, a satisfaction is felt, and it is not the less strong because the biographer has 



324 APPENDIX, 



endeavored to save from oblivion one whose birth and position in life had nothing to 
allure his efforts. 

Dr. John Calf, (of .) Rev. J. Bailey writes to him at Major-biguyduce, 

under date of Sept. 6th, 1779, and says: "You doubtless retain some knowledge of 
me from our former acquaintance, and have I presume, heard something of my situa- 
tion and circumstances. * * Being informed that you possess a department in 
the Garrison, which gives you considerable influence, I have made this attempt to 
solicit your interest in case a chaplain should be appointed." Dr. John Calf, of Ips- 
"wich, Mass., married a daughter of Rev. Jedediah Jewett. of Rowley, in 1753. In 0. 
Rich's Bibliotheca Americana, p. 294, is the following: "The seige of Penobscot by 
the Rebels, by J. C, Volunteer, London : 1781. The author is supposed to be Mr. 
John Calef, agent for the inhabitants of Penobscot, whose name is subscribed to the 
charts which illustrate the work." 

Moses Forster, (of .) Rev. J. Bailey writes to Dr. Bartholemew Sullivan, 

at New York, under date of Halifax, Sept. — , 1779, and says : " I must beg leave to 
trouble you again in behalf of the bearer, Mr. Moses Forster, whose situation and cir- 
cumstances demand both the emotions of humanity and the effusions of benevolence. 
After having been imprisoned a whole year, and then set at liberty by the Supreme 
rebel court, he was cruelly harrassed by the committee, driven from his family, and 
upon his return taken out of bed, and conveyed away from a tender wife and eight 
children 120 miles, confined on board a guard ship, and then transported to this prov- 
ince. As he is a stranger in distress, I beg leave to recommend him to your atten- 
tion, and am confident that your goodness will afford him that assistance and direction 
which is due to a sufferer in the royal cause." 

RoBART Jenkins. (Que., Robert?) Rev. J. Bailey, writes to him at St. Johns, 
Newfoundland, under date of Halifax, Sept. 24th, 1779, and says : " It is about three 
months since I left the unhappy land of our nativity. * «■ I have visited New- 
bury several times since the commencement of the present commotions, and continued 
days together with (Rev.) Mr. (Edward) Bass. The proceedings of the people are 
very disagreeable to that worthy gentleman, yet to preserve himself from destruction, 
he omitted all prayers for the King from the (time of the) declaration of Independ- 
ency, for which offence the Society (P. G. F. Ps.,) have struck his name from the list 
of Missionaries." 

Simmons, (of .) Rev. J. Bailey, in writing, under date of November 6th, 

1780, to Joseph Domett, at Brompton, near London, says : " The refugees in this 
Provinceare under the influence of melancholy and dejection, the inflexible obstinacy of 
the rebel powers, the dilatory conduct of the British forces, and the ungenerous treat- 
ment they meet with in the regions of New Scotland, have broken the spirits of several 
worthy persons, among whom I may mention Mr. Simmons, who has left behind him 
a widow and four children." 

Rev. J. Bailey also wrote to Mr. William Simmons, at Halifax, Nov. 1st, 1779. He 
says: " It is, 1 believe, a trite observation, that nothing occasions stronger attach- 
ment and friendships than suffering in the same cause. In such circumstances we 
love to mingle together in conversation, etc. etc. "We have not one refugee here 
except Capt. Campbell, etc. etc." November 30, 1779, Rev. J. Bailey writes to Mr. 
Simmons, at Halifax, and says : " You have my grateful acknowledgements for your 
obliging letter." Another letter was addressed by J. Bailey, February 4th, 1780, to 
Mr. William Simmons, at Halifax ; also. May 8, 1780, from the same to the same ; and 
another letter from the same to the same, Sept. 2, 1780, in which Mr. Bailey speaks 
of having lately heard of Mr. Simmons, through a gentleman just arrived in Cornwal- 
lis. In a letter to T. Brown, October 11, 1780, J. Bailey speaks of receiving a letter 
from T. Brown, mentioning the " untimely exit" of Mr. Simmons. 



APPENDIX. 325 

John Jones, (of Kennebec.) Rev. J. Bailey says, in a letter, February Sth, 1780 
directed to John Jones, at Quebec : " Let us flatter ourselves with the pleasing pros- 
pect of meeting again in the regions of Kennebeck, and if we should not be happy 
enough to find all our friends remaining after so violent a tempest, yet we that have 
escaped the general wreck may rejoice in each other's society, and have the pleasure 
of regarding with contempt those sons of rapine and violence, who drove us from our 
peaceful habitations, and forced us into the ocean, to contend with rocks, currents, 
whirlpools, storms and hurricanes." In writing to Mrs. Ruth Jones, at Concord, 
Mass., about the same time, Mr. Bailey says: "I have just received a packet from 
your consort, Mr. Jones. After passing through a variety of scenes, he arrived at 
Lake Champlain, and afterwards, by several removes, reached Quebec on the 29th of 
August. His last letters are dated November 2d."* To a friend in Halifax, Mr. 
Bailey writes, April 18, 1780 : " I take this opportunity to recommend to your favor, 
Capt. Jones. He is appointed to the command of a company in Rogers' Battalion. 
I am persuaded that his active and enterprising genius will be of great service in the 
department to which he belongs." Mr. Bailey says to another acquaintance: "I 
send you this by our friend Jones, who is engaged to chastise the rebels. » * « # 
You must be persuaded that no man is better fitted for the service, both in point of 
knowledge and resolution." In a letter, written about the same time, Mr. Bailey 
says : " We were happily surprised last week with the company of Capt. Jones, one 
of our Kennebeck neighbours, who escaped from close imprisonment in Boston last 
spring. After passing through a variety of scenes, he was fortunate enough to reach 
Quebec, where, meeting with the famous Col. Rogers, he is now engaged in the army, 
and intends to visit his country by way of Penobscot. His capacity is equal to his 
undertaking." 

John Jones WTites to Rev. J. Bailey, from Fort George, September 4th, 1780 : " I 
have had two trips to Kennebeck, one by land, the other in a whaleboat. First, by 

land : I went up and down, till I found where to strike. Thought best to bring f 

off. The way I proceeded was as follows: I surrounded his house in the morning, 
very early ; sent two men to rap at the door. On his crying out, ' Who is there ? ' I 
answered, A friend ! ' A friend to whom ? ' I answered, to the Congress, and we are 
from George's River with an express, for the enemy has landed fifteen hundred troops 
and three ships. He jumped up and came down with his breeches on, lit a candle, 
and opened the door. We immediately seized him. On his making some noise, his 
wife come running down stairs, but soon returned, and put her head out of the cham- 
ber window, and halloed, murder ! I told her that if she did not hold her tongue, my 
Indians would scalp her. Away we hauled him into a boat we had prepared, and up 
the river about a mile above Gardinerston, landed him, and gave him a pair of shoes 
and stockings, and marched him to Fort George, across the woods, in four days. The 
whole country was alarmed, and was about six hours after us. In two or three days 
Rowland (Cushing) came in a flag. In two or three days after, three men came in 
and informed us how matters were. Joseph North has gone to Boston. Bowman 
keeps a guard every night, and all the people are much frightened. Rowland keeps a 
guard, and Maj. Goodwin sleeps every night at the house. Many of our friends have 
been threatened, but no one is touched or hurt, for great is their fear. Many of the 
inhabitants don't cut their meadow. All our friends were well, when by water we went 
and cut out a vessel, and brought her here safe. We also took many others. * * I 
have had several scoutings since I have been here. Have always got the better of the 



*Mr. Bailey also wrote to John Jones at the same time. He said: "Your brother Jack Lee, 
came to Halifax, some time after the dispersion of the rchels at renobscot. " This letter was en- 
closed in one directed to Jonas Lee, at Concord, Mass. 

t Col. Charles Cushing. He is here called by a nickname. 



326 APPENDIX. 



rebels. Nat. Gardiner is a prisoner with the rebels in Casco gaol. Gushing is going 
home to effect his exchange and Gardiner's."* 

November 6th, 1780, Mr. Bailey writes : " I have had several visits from Capt, 
Jones, who is a Captain in the army. He is now at Penobscot." In the autumn of 
1784, Mr. Bailey writes to Governor "Wentworth : " I would beg leave to recommend 
to your notice Mr. Jones, an honest, worthy loyalist, who has lost an ample estate for 
his attachment to His Majesty and the British government. He is endeavoring to 
obtain a grant of Grand Menan, and is desirous of obtaining your interest and that 
of Gov. Fanning. I can assure you there is not a person of my acquaintance better 
calculated to improve a wilderness country than Mr. Jones. He was formerly princi- 
pal surveyor to the Plymouth Company, and has made several fine settlements at 
Kennebeck before the commencement of the late commotions. "f Mr. Jones wrote to 
Mr. Bailey from St. Andrews, April, 1781, at which time Mrs. Jones was with him. 
Rev. J. Bailey says, in a MS. History, etc. : " When I arrived at St. Andrews, on 
the river Santa Croix, I found a number of people from Penobscot and elsewhere, 
forming a settlement. But while Mr. Jones, the surveyor, was employed in laying 
out their lands, a party of Indians, under the direction of one Allen, a notorious rebel, 
took him prisoner. It is uncertain in what manner they intended to dispose of Mr. 
Jones. However, the second day of his captivity, he had the good fortune to escape, 
and to proceed in his business without further interruption." Jones returned to the 
Kennebec after the Revolution, and resided in what is now the city of Augusta. He 
was employed in 1797 by the Proprietors of the Kennebec Purchase, to compile a 
large map of their property, from previous surveys. Jones died in Augusta. 

Thcwias Brown, (of Boston.) Rev. J. Bailey says, in his Journal, under date of 
Halifax, the day of his arrival there, June 21st, 1779 : " Mr. Kitson kindly offered to 
conduct us either to Mr. Brown's or Captain Callahan. * * By this time my 
old generous friend, Mr. Brown, was arrived." 

Rev. J. Bailey, in writing to Miss Sally Weeks at Halifax, under date of Cornwallis, 
Dec. 7th, 1779, says of one of Thomas Brown's daughters : " I have been acquainted 
with Becky from her earliest infancy," etc. etc. In a letter to Rev. S. Peters at Lon- 
don, dated April 27, 1781, he speaks of " our friend Brown, when he formerly resided 
in Boston." T. Brown failed in his business previous to May 2d, 1780, (see his letter,) 
and afterwards established a school. Rev. J. Bailey in a letter, November 9th, 1781, to 
Rev. S. Peters, London, in speaking of Thomas Brown, says : " This poor gentleman 
is still detained under complaint of his unmerciful creditors. I cannot prevail for his 
release, though I am his principal creditor." Thomas Brown writes to Mrs. Bailey, 
Halifax, September 17th, 1792 : " I made a verbal agreement three years ago, to receive 
one hundred pounds per annum for teaching in this Academy. I have no legal ap- 
pointment in the school, nor do I know at present whom to demand payment of for 
my services. I am now almost a cripple. A year ago last January I was suddenly 
attacked with a severe stroke of the palsy, and have not yet recovered the free use of 
my right arm, right leg, and my speech." 



* In the Boston Gazette, of July 24th, 1780, is the following item : " We hear from Pownalboro', 

that about Ten Days ago, a Party of Tories surrounded the House of Cushing, Esq. ; High 

Sheriff of the County of Lincoln, in the Night, took him out of Bed, and carried him oflf to the 
Enemy." 

t Sabine says, in his American Loyalists, p. 318, of Moses Gerrish : " After the peace, lie and 
Thomas Ross, and one Jones,* obtained License of occupatiou of the island of Grand Alenan, New 
Brunswick, and its dependences, and on condition, etc., were to receive a grant,,etc. They, com- 
menced the settlement of the island, and sold several lots in anticipation of their own title, but failed 
to fulfil the conditions, and did not obtain the expected grant. Jones returned to the United States. 

• The subject of the above sketch, as the writer has been assured, by persons who knew the fact. 



APPENDIX. 327 

Capt. Charles Callahan, (of Pownalborough, Me.) The father of this person 
resided in the town above named, and died there before Mr. Bailey left the country. 
Capt. Callahan commanded a coasting vessel in the year 1772, and was bound on a 
foreign voyage, perhaps as master, in October 1774, as appears by Rev. J. Bailey's 
letter to the Venerable Society, of that date, inserted in the Memoir, p. 105. He was 
at that time one of the Warden's of St. John's Church, Pownalborough. Capt. Cal- 
lahan, although a loyalist in principle, was not disposed to take any active part in 
the contest then going on between the mother country and her revolted colonies. 
TSor was he disposed to remove to any place within the jurisdiction of the British. 
But having been repeatedly " drafted" to serve in the Provincial army, he became 
convinced that he was dishonestly dealt with in this matter, and he then determined 
to defeat the power of his enemies by leaving the country. He was proscribed and 
banished by Massachusetts in 1778. The next mention of him is in a letter, October 
10th, 1778, in which Mr. Bailey says : " Capt. Callahan is Captain of a twelve-gun 
sloop of war in the King's service." 

In Mr. Bailey's Journal, under date of June 21st, 1779, he inserted the following, 
which he piobably obtained from the wife of the subject of this notice, at whose house 
he then was : — 

" The adventures of Capt. Callahan. He embarked in a small open boat with Mr. 
Jarvis and Mr. Kitson in the night, and falling down the [Kennebec] river went 
on shore to refresh themselves at Mr. Thomas Percy's, and were received by that 
benevolent and hospitable family with great expressions of friendship. But when 
Capt. Callahan had reached this distance, he began to reflect, and that fondness he 
retained for his house and possessions, and the extreme tenderness he had for his 
wife and family, almost tempted him to renounce the principles of reason and loyalty. 
The thoughts of exposing everything dear and engaging, sadly oppressed his spirits, 
and sank him into the glooms of despondency. When his companions observed the 
agitations of his bosom and the afflicting struggles between duty'and affection, they 
both began, with a degree of fierceness and asperity, to upraid him for his timidity 
and want ot resolution, and even proceeded so far as to accuse him of disaffection to 
His Majesty. This unjust reflection stung him to the very soul, and he replied with 
a determined spirit, ' No person breathing has greater aversion to the American re- 
bellion than myself. It is true, I have a prevailing attachment to my aged parent 
and beloved wife, and the thoughts of leaving them unprotected to the malice and 
cruelty of the miscreants about them tears my very soul in pieces, and if I had been 
weak enough to return, I would never make any compliance that I could not recon- 
cile to my conscience. But I am now determined to proceed to Halifax, let what will 
be the consequence !' « 

" As soon as the tide served their purpose in the morning they embarked, and kept 
along shore till they imagined it proper to cross the Bay of Fundy. But they had 
not proceeded far in this tremendous gulph before the wind began to blow in opposi- 
tion to the tide, and raised a rough and dangerous sea. This obliged them to alter 
their course, and to steer quartering over the billows. In this situation Capt. Calla- 
han kept at the helm for sixteen hours, till at length, being overcome with fatigue, 
and his spirits entirely exhausted, he, in a manner fainted, gave up the helm, and 
entrusted the boat to the mercy of the raging seas. During the period of this alarm- 
ing voyage Mr. Jarvis and Kitson lay in the bottom of the vessel, dying sick, but 
now perceiving nothing in prospect except speedy death, the latter crawled up and 
seized the helm, and in a few hours conveyed the boat into a place of security. Capt. 
Callahan, upon his arrival at Halifax, was received with great attention, admitted 
upon the list of the King's pilots, and shortly after advanced to the command of the 
Gage, in which department he behaved with remarkable courage and fidelity. He 
quickly became a terror to the Rebels, took a number of theii- fishing and coasting 



328 APPENDIX. 

vessels, and destroyed several of their privateers. In the summer of 1778 the people 
of Naskeag, a settlement on the eastern shore of Penobscot Bay, hred upon his boat 
as they were going to take in water, and mortally wounded one of his hands. Hav- 
ing received this inhuman provocation he immediately landed, and burnt all their 
habitations, to the number of ten or twelve, and drove the barbarous inhabitants into 
the woods. 1 was at Boston when the news of this exploit reached that Metropolis of 
sedition, and the authorities were so highly enraged that two stout privateers were 
sent to intercept him, but they were not fortunate enough to accomplish their design.* 
" Capt. Callahan, after a considerable run of success, had at length the misfortune 
to be cast away near the light-house in a terrible storm, the day after last Christmas, 
by which accident one of his men was killed, and himself wounded in escaping on 
shore. The rest were saved, though some were miserably frozen. Since that calami- 
tous affair the Captain has been unable to procure the command of another vessel, 
though he still draws wages as a pilot, and was now with Capt. Mowat in the expedi- 
tion against Penobscot." Thomas Brown writes from Halifax, under date of 29th De- 
cember, 1779, to Rev. J. Bailey, at Cornwallis, and says that Capt. Callahan went 
pilot of the ship North, to Spanish River, and that " Capt. Mowat persuaded him to 
it, with an expectation of taking him in the Albany to Penobscot, when he should 
return from Spanish River, and placing him in an armed vessel of his own fitting out 
during the winter. * * After sailing from Spanish River they soon parted from 
several of their fleet in tempestuous weather, and on Thursday, 9th instant, with the 
ship St. Helena and a brig and snow, arrived safe in Beaver Harbour, about 20 
leagues eastward of this. * * The next day, being Friday, they all sailed from 
Beaver Harbour about 10 o'clock in the morning for Halifax. During the day, the 
wind not being very favourable, and one or two of the fleet being heavy sailing vessels, 
Capt. Sclby was obliged to shorten sail, that they might keep up with him. Towards 
ni^ht a storm seemed to be speedily approaching, which induced him to run for the 
light-house, and, if possible, to get into harbour that night. About 7 o'clock in the 
eveningthey discovered the light-house, but being so near the shore, and the wind 
increasing, thought they could not weather Sambro Head, and so cast anchor. * * 
About half past one on Saturday morning the J\orth fired a gun as a signal in distress, 
and Mr. Robinson perceived that she had struck upon the rocks, and in a short time 
saw her fall to pieces. * * * After the Korth went to pieces numbers of her people 
swam and floated about the St. Helena and begged for assistance, but they could 
afford them very little. * * * Only five people belonging to the North escaped 
with their lives, out of about one hundred and seventy that were on board when she 
struck. Capt. Smith, who belonged to Plymouth, in New England * * was pilot 
of the North, and supposed to be as well knowing to this harbour as any man, had 
charge of the ship when she was lost ; he has left a widow and eight children at Ply- 
mouth. The last I can hear of poor Callahan is, that he was on the quarter deck 
with Capt. Selby at the time of the vessel's striking, and, I am told, that he fore- 
warned them of their approaching danger, but in the time of the general confusion 
was not attended to. This is the substance of that unhappy affair, as related to me 
by Mr. Robinson, who was in the St. Helena, and two seamen who escaped from the 
North. * * I am certain that he (Capt. C.) was the best pilot on board. There 
•was also a good understanding between him and Capt. Smith, the ship's pilot, who 
•was a very worthy, honest man." 



* The Boston Journal, of Nov. 22d, 1850, contained a letter signed 'William Reed, dated Naskeag, 
July 3, 1778, and directed to Col. Jonathan Buck, at Penobscot, giving an account of this attack. 
The Belfast Signal noticed this letter, (see Boston Journal, Dec. 10th, 1850,) stated that JJaskeag is 
now called Sedgwick, and suggested that there must be a mistake in the date of the letter. But this 
was not so. 



APPENDIX. 329 



The widow of the deceased became a claimant on the British government for part of 
the amount allowed by them to American Loyalists as a compensation for their losses. 
During a part of the time, after the death of her husband, she resided with Rev. Ja- 
cob Bailey, at Annapolis. In 1782 she lived in Halifax. Two years after the farm 
and buildings in Pownalborough, abandoned by Capt. Callahan, were unoccupied and 
rapidly deteriorating. Mrs. C. returned to the United States during that year, but in 
a few months afterwards was residing with Rev. Mr. Bailey, at Annapolis. Repeated 
applications were made to the Commissioners appointed for examining the claims of 
American Loyalists, for compensation to Mrs. Callahan, and she received £40 sterling 
annually from the British government during her life. Her farm and buildings came 
into her possession. She returned to Pownalborough about 1790, where she resided 
till her death, which took place in 181G. 

In Rev. J. Bailey's Journal, under date of June 21st, 1779, he writes the following : 

" The Adventures of the Turners and John Carlo. 

*' In the beginning of May, 1778, Thomas Turner, J.\mes Tuunek, Cookson, their 
brother-in-law, and Joiix and Martin Carlo, two brothers, set out on foot, with a 
design of travelling by land to Halifax, in Nova Scotia. 

" They met with a prodigious variety of hardships, obstacles and dangers in their 
journey, not to mention that perpetual dread of detection, which attended their route. 
At length, meeting with a number of rebel soldiers, they were constrained to enlist, 
but were honest enough to refuse the money till they should arrive at Machias, How- 
ever, instead of proceeding directly to the place of rendezvous, they visited the famous 
Col. Jones, and applied to him for advice and direction. This gentleman provided 
our adventurers with a boat, in form of a barge, in which they embarked without any 
knowledge either of the way, or of navigation. They however ventured to row along 
shore, in consequence of some general instructions, and then crossed over, by acci- 
dent, to Grand Menan, and seeing land at a great distance, they set off at daylight, 
and continued to contend with a boisterous sea till after dark, without arriving at any 
shore. During all this tedious day, they were obliged to ply the oars with their ut- 
most strength, till they were quite discouraged, and their vigour exhausted, but know- 
ing that any relaxation of their struggles would be fatal, they continued their labours 
without ceasing, till after midnight, when they entered a bay, 'round which they dis- 
covered a large number of settlements. In this situation they were full of anxiety, 
for being ignorant in what region they had fallen, they were extremely uneasy lest this 
territory belonged to the rebels. But, upon inquiry, they perceived, to their inexpres- 
sible satisfaction, themselves within the limits of Nova Scotia, and that the town be- 
fore them was a settlement which belonged to the ancient French inhabitants. Here 
the inhabitants were kind enough to give them ample refreshment. This place being 
not far distant from Annapolis, they took the first opportunity of going thither, and 
from thence proceeded by land to Halifax, where they got into business. James 
Turner and Cookson are still in this town ; Thomas Turner and John Carlo, at Penob- 
scot, and Martin Carlo, at Lunenburg." John Jones, writes from Halifax, July 10th, 
1781, to Rev. J. Bailey: " T. Turner and M. Carlo were taken prisoners at Kenne- 
beck, and are gone to Boston, and have got ray old berth." Afterwards, in writing 
from Fort George, Penobscot, March 11th, 1782, to Rev. J. Bailey, the same person 
says: "Thomas Turner and brother, and Martin Carlo, are gone to live at home in 
peace." 

Edmund Dohartt, (formerly of Pownalboro', Me.) Rev. J. Bailey says, in a let- 
ter to him at Halifax, dated Cornwallis, November 30, 1779 : " You cannot imagine 
what pleasure it gives me to hear from one of ray former parishioners in this strange 
country. Your letter reminds me of those dear friends we left behind in the pleasant 
land of our nativity; and, though it is our misfortune to remain in a state of banish- 

42 



330 APPENDIX. 

ment, yet, etc. etc. Give our kind regards to your consort and our brother wander- 
ers, who reside at your house." 

Thomas Brown, in a letter, dated Halifax, 29th December, 1799, says : " Doharty 
■was found out to connive imprudently in the concealment of some deserters from the 
Virginia and Albany men-of-war, by which means both he and the old fellow (Dr. C. 
Mayer,) were dismissed the (Capt. Spry's) works, but upon examination, the latter 
was found to be ignorant of the matter, and restored to favor again, and how the 
former will support his family, I know not, as his reputation is greatly blasted by his 
foolish conduct." E. Doharty was in Halifax, January 28, 1781, as appears by his let- 
ter of that date, to Rev. J. Bailey. The latter says, April 18, 1781: " Mr. Doharty 
and Dr. Mayer are just removed to Penobscot." J. Jones says, Fort George, March 
11, 1782: " Doharty has gone out on a cruise." 

Captain Combs, (of .) Rev. J. Bailey says, in a letter to him at 

Halifax, dated Cornwallis, December 6th, 1779 : "Mr. Brown having informed me of 
your arrival in this Province, my joy at this agreeable intelligence would not permit 
me to be silent. « * I am convinced that you must feel exquisite satisfaction, 
■when you reflect upon your escape from the terrors of tyranny and usurpation, and 
consider yourself allowed to breathe the air of freedom in a region where mild and 
legal authority prevails. It is one of the warmest wishes of my heart, that you may 
procure that countenance and encouragement, which your integrity, your sufferings 
and your loyalty merit. I fancy you are able to furnish me with some interesting 
anecdotes of the eastern country, where I hear you resided some time before your de- 
parture." In a letter to Mr. Thomas Brown, at Halifax, of same date, Rev. J. Bailey 
says : " I am rejoiced to hear that Capt. Combs has been fortunate enough to escape 
from the Rebels. You may regard him as a person of real worth and unshaken integ- 
rity, who has resisted all the efforts of his countrymen to seduce and subdue him with 
amazing fortitude, and his honest attachment to the British government is nearly 
■without example." 

Joseph Domette, (of Boston, Mass.) Rev. J. Bailey says, in a letter to him at New 
York, dated February 11th, 1780 : " You cannot imagine how much I suffered on your 
account, during your imprisonment in Boston. I greatly feared that your constitu- 
tion would not be able to struggle with such a severe misfortune." Joseph Domette, 
in a letter to Rev. J. Bailey, dated " Brompton, near London, August 17th, 1780," 
says : " Your anxious concern for me during my cruel persecution, and cordial con- 
gratulations on my delivery, are proofs of your benevolence, etc. etc." iVIrs. Domette 
was with him. Thomas Oxnard writes to Rev. J. Bailey, at Cornwallis, under date of 
New York, December 12th, 1780. Mr. Oxnard says : " Your friend, Mr. Domette, 
has got £80 a year from Government, and £90 more, by employment from a friend." 

Rev. Mr. Bailey writes to J. Domette, at Brompton, near London, under date of 
November 6th, 1780 : " I have in keeping the manuscript you committed to my care 
at the conflagration of Falmouth." Rev. J. Bailey writes to Mr. Joseph Domette, at 
London, October 31st, 1784 : acknowledging the receipt of a letter from him. Rev. J. 
Bailey writes to Rev. J. Wiswell, Cornwallis, December 4th, 1784, and says : " I was fa- 
voured with letters from our brethren Peters and Clark, (then in London,) and one from 
Mr. Domette, who makes the kindest inquiries after your situation and welfare." Rev. 
J. Bailey writes, June 13, 178o, to Miss Nye, and says : " I received, yesterday, a 
large packet of letters from London, written by Mr. Peters, ]Mr. Clark, Mr. Domette, 
and others. The latter is about taking Orders, probably for Digby." Rev. J. Bailey 
writes, June 2:), 178'3, to Mr. Joseph Domette, London : " I am much pleased with 
your intention of entering into Holy Orders, but am distressed to hear, by Col. Fry, 
that you no longer receive a pension from the Government. * * * my most respect- 
ful compliments to Mrs. Domette." Nathaniel Coffin ■writes, August 10th, 1791, to 



APPENDIX. 331 



Rev. J. Bailey : " I lately heard from our friend, Mr. Domette. He writes from 
Axminster, Devonshire, — says he has gone through many scenes of disappointment ; 
but since, I heard by a friend, that he had taken Orders, and is settled either in Ireland 
or Wales." 

Capt. Campbell, (of .) Rev. J. Bailey, in writing to Joseph Domette, at 

New York, under date of Cornwallis, February 11th, 17S0, says : " Capt. Campbell, 
Commander of the garrison in this place, is a refugee." In writing to Rev. J. W. 
Weeks, at Halifax, dated Cornwallis, February 21, 1781, Rev. J. Bailey says: " I beg 
you would take notice of Johnny Campbell, the bearer, he is a brother refugee, and a 
favorite." Mem. — From a previous letter, it seems that this Johnny Campbell was 
the son of the above Capt. Campbell, and that after having been a scholar in Mr. 
Bailey's family, he was destined to enter the Royal Navy. In a letter to Rev. S. 
Peters, in London, October 1-5, 1782, Rev. J. Bailey speaks of Capt. Campbell being 
second in command of the 8-lth Regiment, in June, 1780. 

Thom,\.s Robik, (of .) Rev. J. Bailey, in a letter to " Thomas Robie, Esq., 

at Halifax," dated Cornwallis, February 26th, 1780, says : " The same spirit which 
pushes men in the land of our nativity to commence Committee men, etc. etc., in 
these regions, engages men of strong passions and slender abilities to become preach- 
ers." Rev. J. Bailey writes, under date of Cornwallis, October 23d, to Mr. Robie, at 
Halifax, in behalf of Mr. Thomas Brown, who, it seems, was a debtor to Mr. Robie. 
Also, in another letter, of same date, to Mr. Robie, Mr. B. says : " If you are willing 
to take my bills, I can immediately transmit you a bill of £12 10, which was due in 
September." 

Joseph Pattex, (of .) Rev. William Clark writes to Rev. J. Bailey, at 

, under date of London, December 2d, 1779, and says : " Joseph Patten, Esq., 

(formerly an active man in that Mission,* and Representative for that County,) I think 
you must know, inasmuch as he once told me that he had for a while attended your 
ministry when he lived in the Eastern Country. I want to know whether he be living, 
and what part he takes in affairs, publick mid parochial, etc. I wrote him by Mr. 
(Rev. J. W.,) Weeks.' (This letter is directed to Joseph Patten, Esq., Granville, 
N. S., and is dated London, March 23d, 1779 ) 

Major Rogers, (of .) Rev. J. Bailey writes to Maj. Samuel Goodwin, 

at Pownalboro', under date of September 3d, 1779, and says : " The famous, now Col., 
but once Major Rogers, is raising two or three battalions of men to range the Eastern 
Country, etc etc." This was probably Maj. Robert Rogers, of New Hampshire, of 
whom an interesting account is given in " Sabine's American Loyalists, p. 576, s. s. 

DowLiNO, (of .) John Jones writes. Fort George, Penobscot, May 

12, 1782, to Rev. J. Bailey. " Mr. Dowling, and a number of our refugees, have been 
to Marblehead in order to cut out a twenty-gun ship. They were discovered when on 
shore, and part went and cut out a shallop at noonday, and got in safe. Mr. Dow- 
ling, Towns and Dickey, and others, went out of town at noonday to Boston undis- 
covered, and then got on board of some vessel, came to Kennebeck, and got here safe, 
except one or two who stopped a few days with their friends." 

CuMMiXGS, (of HoUis, N. H,) Rev. J. Bailey writes : Annapolis, Dec. 

11th, 1782, to Thomas Brown, at Halifax. " We have two families of refugees in the 
house, Mr. Cummins, a gentleman from HoUis, New Hampshire, with a wife and two 
children from Connecticut ; the other is Mr. McKnown, from Boston, with two negro 
men, and a free woman of the same complexion." 

* Annapolis Royal. 



332 APPENDIX. 

John McKoavn, (of Pemaquid, Me.) " Among other (fellow sufferers from New 
York,) we have at our house one John McKnown, whose father and friends lived at 
Pemaquid. I imagine you must have some acquaintance with the family. He is a 
sociable, honest young gentleman, newly married, and his wife tarries at JMew York." 
— Rev. J. Bailey's letter, Jan. 2d, 17S3, to Mrs. Callahan, (formerly of Pownalbor- 
ough. Me.) 

FoRMAN. Rev. J. Bailey, in writing to the Society, P. G., October 2S, 1784, 

speaks of " Mr. Forman, the principal schoolmaster in Di:^by, N. S." He calls him 
" a Refugee and an half-pay officer," and narrates his efforts to promote a proper ob- 
servance of the Lord's Day, by assembling his pupils for divine service on that day. 
These were joined by the scholars of other schools in the town, and afterwards by 
many adults. These efforts, Mr. Bailey says, produced a salutary effect. 

Col. (Petek?) Fky, (of Salem, Mass.) Rev. J. Bailey writes to Rev. S. Parker, 
July 1, 1785, and speaks of intelligence received from England "by Col. Fry, for- 
merly of Salem, who," he says, " resides in my family." In writing to Rev. S. Peters, 
at London, June 20, 1785, he acknowledges the receipt of letters from him, and says : 
" Col. Fry, the bearer, takes up his residence under my roof." Rev. J. Bailey says, 
August IG, 1785, to Rev. Edward Bass : " Col. Fry, late of Salem, left London on the 
first of May, and now resides at my house." Peter Fry writes, Halifax, N. S., May 
22d, 1786, to Rev. J. Bailey . " I would assist you in this matter, but am obliged to 
leave this part of the world for New Foundland." 

William Gardiner. Rev. J. Bailey writes to Rev. J. W. Weeks, of Marble- 
head, under date of Pownalborough, October 10th, 1777: "We have had two Tory 
Courts. In the former they condemned Mr. William Gardiner." Rev. J. Bailey writes 
also to Rev. Edward Bass, Newburyport, Sept. 21st, 1777 : " I write this by Mr. Gard- 
iner, who is condemned in a most extraordinary manner for transportation." To 
John Weeks, Esq., of Greenland, N. H., Mr. Bailey also writes, Pownalborough, 
Sept. 22d, 1777 : " I have committed this letter to the care of Mr. Gardiner, who has 
been tried and condemned without being allowed the benefit of the law, and is now 
on his journey to Boston, where he will be confined on board a guard ship, unless the 
sentence shall be reversed." Also to Rev. Dr. Byles : " Pownalborough, October 
10, 1777- I must refer to the bearer, Mr. Gardiner, for particulars. He is a 
true loyalist, and has from the beginning opposed the American measures. No man 
among us has done more, according to his abilities, to support the distressed friends 
of government." To Dr. Silvester Gardiner, at London, Rev. J. Bailey writes, Hali- 
fax, July 29th, 1779, and says: " The malice of Cushing and Bowman has been rest- 
less and furious, both against me and your son. After long attendance Mr. Gardiner 
obtained leave to visit you at York, but was unhappy enough to find that you had 
sailed for England. He then returned to Kennebeck, from whence he was driven in 
April last, but returned June 1st." 

1 Wallace. Thomas Brown vvrites, Halifax, Feb. 16th, 1780 : " A man lately 

died with the small pox at his ('Ed. Doherty's) house, in Halifax, who had the dis- 
temper as bad, I suppose, as any man ever had it. Ilis name was Wallace, a refugee 
from New England, a man of good character, who lodged at his house, and was per- 
suaded to be innoculated by a Hessian doctor, and, I believe, lost his life by that 
mear.s." 

Nathaniel Gaudinek, (of Pownalborough.) Rev. J. Bailey writes, Pownal- 
borough, Oct. 13, 1777, to Mr. Thomas Brown, at : " The bearer, Mr. Nath'l 

Gardiner, kinsman to Dr. Gardiner, I can recommend as a steady friond to Government. 
He lias greatly distinguished himself by using both his influence and fortune for the 
support of those who have been persecuted and distressed, &c. &c." John Jones writes. 



APPENDIX. 333 

u;||er date of Fort George, Penobscot, Sept. 4th, 1780, to Rev. J. Bailey, at Cornwallis : 
" JS'at. Gardiner is a prisoner with the rebels in Casco gaol." Thos. Brown in a letter, 
Halifax, Sept. 13, 1780, to llev. J. Bailey, at Cornwallis, says : " Nath'I Gardiner, in at- 
tempting to get up some iron, belonging to the rebel wrecks," (at Penobscot,) " was 
unluckily made a prisoner, and is now in Salem (?) gaol. His family is at Penob- 
scot." Nathaniel Gardiner writes from Fort George, Penobscot, January 21st, 1781, to 
liev. J. Bailey, at Cornwallis, and says : " In May last I sailed from New York in 
the armed schooner Golden Pippin, whicli I had the honour to command, and arrived 
safe at this port after a short passage with my family, designing upon a cruise as 
soon as I could ship a proper crew, but finding hands scarce, and being advised to go 
up Penobscot Piver, (by Commodore Mowat,) was unfortunately taken by a party of 
rebels, (being a detachment of Gen'l Wadsworth"s rebels.) They immediately pro- 
ceeded with me to Brunswick, (on New Meadow's liiver,) where I was taken out of 
said vessel by John Hobby, John Wood, Benjamin Lemmon, and a number of other 
rebels unknown, who carried me to said Lemmon's liouse, and kept me under a strong 
guard all night. In the morning I was marched to Dummer Sewall's, for orters, who 
never examined me a word, but gave orders for my marching to Casco goal in irons. 
These orders were complied with, and I was marched down to Stephen Samson's to 
have my irons on, where I was met by a crowd of miscreants, from whom I received 
abundance of insults and menaces, hardly to be borne with, and in about an hour set 
out for Casco. Arrived at Brunswick, at SStone's, in the evening, much fatigued. I 
was put into a chamber, where four men guarded me the whole night, with the door 
locked, and in bed in ii'ons. The next morning early set out for Falmouth, where we 
arrived about sunset. In my way I was carried to the gallows, and told that that 
■was my place. I was delivered to one Joseph Prime, then Commanding Officer at 
Falmouth ; and after searching my pockets, and taking from me my Commission and 
instructions from the Court of Ac'miralty, thrust me into gaol, where I had neither 
bed, blanket, or anything to lay on but the oak plank floor, with the heads of spikes an 
inch high, and so thick together I could not lay down clear of them. Neither victuals 
nor drink ordered me, and a strong guard set at the prison, in which I lay five days. 
My son brought me some money, or I must have died from such cruel treatment as 1 
received at their hands. I arrived at Casco prison the 2yth day of June, 1780, and 
was indicted for High Treason the latter part of the first week in July following, as 
you will see by the enclosed copy. I employed Mr. Lowell and Mr. Bradbury for my 
counsel, who were threatened by the mobility at the Court House door for undertak- 
ing for a Tory. At Icngtli, by the interest and influence of my two attorneys, the 
case was continued to next term. I tarried in prison four months, during which 
time they never allowed me the value of a paper dollar to eat or drink, but what I 
paid for as I had it. After they robbed me of clothes, and even my pocket-book, they 

told the gaoler if I could not support myself I might die and be . At length I 

found means to break the prison and make my escape." 

In a letter from the same to the same, from same place, dated March 12th, 1781, he 
says: " I have the pleasure to inform you that Sally is married to Mr. Rogers, the 
Commissary of this garrison. Doctor Coffin was very kind to me while in prison, and 
desires to be remembered to you. I left Ridley in Casco gaol when I left it, for Tory- 
ism, but, I am informed, he is since gone home." Nathaniel Gardiner writes to Rev. J. 
Bailey, Cornwallis, under date Fort George, Penobscot, March 28th, 1781 ; " I send 
you a copy of my Indictment, in order to let you know the determination of the Reb- 
els, while in their power, with insults and irons for four months, without anything 
to eat or drink, and at last broke gaol and made my escape. Indeed, I am not able 
to describe to you my sufferings. They have robbed me of all I had, and reduced me 
to the lowest ebb. I am in no way of doing anything at present." 

Rev. J. Bailey, in answering the above, April 17, 1781, says: "I determine to 



334 APPENDIX. 

transmit a copy of your indictment to Mr. Domette and Mr. Lyde, who have cojfeid- 
erable influence with some leading gentlemen. * * I shall have strong induce- 
ments to do this, both from motives of sympathy and gratitude, for the many favours 
we formerly received from your generosity have laid us under pressing obligations to 
make the most sensible returns in our power." In writing to George Lyde, at London, 
under date of April 30, 1781, Rev. J. Bailey says : " Mr. Nathaniel Gardiner was for- 
merly a Justice in the colony of Rhode Island, but lately an inhabitant of Pownal- 
borough, on the Kennebec River. * * After being cruelly harrassed and plundered, 
he escaped from the dominions of revolt, and through various obstructions arrived in 
safety at New York." H. B. Brown, in writing to Rev. J. Bailey, Halifax, June 29th, 
17S3, speaks of the proposed abandonment of Fort George, Penobscot, by the British. 
He continues : " some of the inhabitants intend for Port Roseway, others for Passa- 
maquoddy. Mr. Gardiner and family are for the former. He has been over there 
lately with a load of boards, and has drawn his lot." Rev. J. Bailey wrote to N. 
Gardiner, July 2Gth, 178-1 : " I am anxious to hear in what manner you proceed at 
Port Roseway, and whether you are in love with the name, Shelburne ?" 

Charlestown.* Rev. J. Bailey writes, Cornwallis, Sept. 6th, 1781, to Rev. 

J. W. Weeks : " I am favoured with your letter by Charlestown, who has often trans- 
ported us over the river of rebellion when we resided at Cambridge." 

Dr. James Tupper, (of Pownalboro'.) This gentleman resided at Pownalboro', at 
least from August 24th, 1772, till June Sth, 177-5, as during the time embraced between 
these two dates entries are made in Rev. J. Bailey's Journal of their exchanging 
visits at their respective houses. In September, 1779, Mr. Bailey writes to him at 
Newport, R. I., and speaks of " our friends in that quarter, " meaning Pownalboro', 
which he had just before mentioned. 

In a letter from Fort George, May 12th, 1782, it is said : " Dr. Tupper is here, and 
gives me the news from that quarter. f He has lived at home with his father in peace 
for a long time." Rev. J. Bailey writes June 10th, 1787, to Peter Hunter, Esq., Sec- 
retary to the Commissioners, &c., at St. John, N. B. : "I enclosed to your direction, 
some time ago, a certificate respecting Mrs. Rebecca Callahan, but as I am uncertain 
whether you ever received it, I would beg leave to transmit another by Dr. Tupper, a 
gentleman with whom I have long been acquainted. He was High Sheriff' under His 
Majesty. I know him to have been loyal from the beginning of the late revolution, 
and that he has suffered several severe imprisonments for his adherence to the Royal 
cause." This application probably proved unsuccessful, as the subject of this notice 
returned to Nantucket, where he died. 

Benjamin Snow. Mr. Bailey says of this person, that " he made his escape to An- 
napolis in 1781." In a letter to the Venerable Society, Oct., 1782, Mr. Bailey writes : 
" The school at Annapolis has been supplied for a year past by Mr. Benjamin Snow, 
who received his education at Dartmouth College and was expelled from New Eng- 
land for his loyalty." Rev. Dr. Morice in his reply to this communication in January 
of the following year, says: "The Society have complied with all your requests. 
They have appointed Mr. Benjamin Snow their schoolmaster at Annapolis, with the 
usual salary of ten Pounds, commencing on Michaelmas last." In the spring of 1783 
Mr. Bailey wrote to the subject of tliis notice at St. Johns, N. B., to which place he 
had then removed. December 10th, 1785, Mr. Bailey wrote to Rev. Mr. Cook, at the 
above-named place : " I am persuaded that Mr. Snow is in very narrow cucumstances." 



*This may have been a nickname given to an individual well liiiown to Mr. Bailey and Mr. 
Weeks, 
t Probably Nantucket. 



APPENDIX. 335 



John Lee, (of Concord, Mass.) October, 1777, Mr. Bailey says : " Mr. Lee is cap- 
tain of a company in New York." To John Jones, Feb. 8, 1780 : " Your brother, 
Jack Lee, came to Halifax, soon after the dispersion of the rebels at Penobscot, and 
was frequently at my house, lie informed us that his brother had reached New York 
in safety. He had been in a privateer with Nat. Gardiner, and afterwards returned 
to Penobscot, and then came to Halifax in the Nautilus." And in a letter written 
about the same time to Mr. Jonas Lee, at Concord, Mass., Mr. Bailey says : " Your 
brother Jack was frequently at my house in September last, but where he is at pres- 
ent I am uncertain." 

Captain Axtill Gallop, (of .) He embarked with the British army for 

Halifax in 1776. 

Mr. Bailey says, September 1.5th, 1781 : " Capt. Gallop, my particular friend, left 
Newbury, (Mass.) within this fortnight, and is now at Windsor." 

Thomas Brown writes, Halifax, September 13th, of the same year : " Our friend Gal- 
lop has been very unfortunate in his affairs, having been captured by a rebel ship, car- 
ried to G\iadaloupe, whence he took passage for Newbury, and lately arrived here, in 
a cartel from Portsmouth." Captain Gallop was at Windsor, N. S., in the following 
November, as appears from the copy of a letter addressed to him there. 

Mr. Bailey writes to him, August 1*3, 1782, and says : " In the evening I received a 
visit from Captain Baxter and his son. They inform me that you had been endowed 
with a grant of one thousand acres of land upon St. John's. This intelligence has 
excited me to petition for indulgence of the same nature. Our good friend, Captain 
Baxter, is desirous of having me settle with them, and, in that case, I should be en- 
titled to a thousand acres as the first minister." 

The subject of this notice was at Windsor, N. S., October 2oth, 1782, and at Parrs- 
borough, July 10th, 178G. 

Williams.* Mr. Bailey saj-s in a letter', April 1st, 1783 : " The bearer, 

Mr. Williams, was formerly an eminent lawyer in New England, but was expelled for 
his aversion to rebellion." 

James Rogers. Mr. Bailey writes to him September 2d, 1782, and says : " M'hen 
did you receive any intelligence from Mrs. Rogers, your little son, and our friends at 
Penobscot? " 

Another letter from Mr. Bailey, July 26th, 1784, was addressed to J. Rogers, at 
Shelburne, N. S. 

SiMox Baxter, (of New Hampshire.) In writing to Joseph Domette, then in Eng- 
land, under date of October 17th, 1782, Mr. Bailey says : " A few days ago I was 
favoured with a visit from Capt. Baxter, formerly a fellow prisoner with you in Boston." 

Captain S. Baxter says in a letter: " Cunnab enis. Feb. 10th, 1783, I am settled 
with my family on the promised land, and am doing very well." 

Bartholemew Sulliv.\n, (of ,) embarked at Boston with the British array, 

for Halifax, in 1776. 

Rev. J. Bailey wrote to him at New York, July 6th, 1779 ; also, to the same place, 
August 1-lth of the same year, giving him an account of the situation of Gen. McLean, 
at Penobscot. In a letter, August, 1780, to Bartholemew Sullivan, at New York, Mr. 
Bailey acknowledges the receipt of a letter from him. Mr. Bailey also wrote, July 
26th, 1784, to Mr. Sullivan, and said : " We have both passed through a variety of 
scenes since our last meeting at the house of our old friend, Dr. Gardiner, in Boston." 



' Perhaps Elijah, of Keene, N. H. See Sabine's American Loyalists, p. 707. 



336 APPENDIX. 

Dr. Jonathan Hicks, (of Boston, Mass.) Dr. Hicks was in Pownalborougli at ra- 
rious times during the first six months of 1774. Mr. Bailey terms him Dr. Hicks, " of 
Boston," though he was settled for about two years in what is now Gardiner, Maine. 
Mr. Bailey wrote to him, August 12th, 1779, at Antigua. He also wrote, December 
22d, 17S0, and said : " By a letter from your brother last winter, I was informed that 
you were then well at Antigua." 

George Lyde, (of Falmouth, Maine.) This gentleman wrote to Mr. Bailey, Febru- 
ary 17th, 1778: " I purpose to go to (New) York in the first frigate, and from thence 
to London. Capt. Pote, Mr. Oxnard, and Mr. Simmons, are all well, and desire their 
compliments." A letter was addressed to the subject of this notice at New York, 
dated July 3d, 1779, by Mr. Bailey, giving him an account of the sufferings which the 
writer had undergone from political persecutions. He also wrote to him at the same 
place, during the following Avinter. In this letter he says : " You have a sister mar- 
ried to an inhabitant of this town, (Cornwallis,) highly bigotted to principles which 
compelled iis and thousands more, to abandon our beloved homes, and to explore an 
asylum in distant climes." J. Domette, in a letter from Brompton, near London, Au- 
gust I7th, 1780, says : " Mr. Lyde is well, and, I believe, intends writing." 

John Cakleton, (of Woolwich, Me.) Mr. Bailey says, April 27th, 1781, in a letter 
to Rev. William Clark : " As to Mr. Carleton, he is one of my old Parishioners, a 
man of the highest integrity, the most undaunted fortitude and inflexible loyalty. 
When the whole country was rising into sedition and mobs, spreading the terrors of 
their rioting into every region, nothing could shake his firmness, or abate his intre- 
pidity, and though he was met in a lonely forest by near two hundred men in arms, 
requiring him to sign the solemn league and covenant, or consent to be buried alive, 
he nobly acquiesced with the latter, and with great resolution assisted in digging his 
own grave: but finding him still unmoved with their menaces, they allowed him to 
escape. There were generous spirits among them, swearing that he was a brave fel- 
low. He afterwards concealed in his house, supported and aided in their fiight, several 
unhappy exiles. He was a friendly benefactor to me and family, and it was from his 
house we took Our departure for Nova Scotia. But I am almost wholly unacquainted 
with his story since that event. It is true, I received a short letter from him a few 
days ago, announcing his residence at Penobscot." 

April 7th, 1781. Mr. Bailey writes to Thomas Browm, and speaks of having just 
received letters from Penobscot, " from our old friend, John Carleton." " Mr. 
Carleton," he continues, " was plundered by the rebels, and after a variety of adven- 
tures, reached the British lines in company with several young men of his neighbour- 
hoo4- He is regarded as a man of enterprise and activity. A number of my 
parishioners and acquaintance have lately arrived from the rebel dominions, among 
the rest, Mr. Benoni Gardiner, son to Nathaniel Gardiner." The following day, in a 
letter to Rev. J. W. Weeks, it is said : " Carleton being taken by a vessel in the 
British service, and carried into the above-mentioned port,* was sent in his own 
schooner, by Col. Campbell, as a cartel to Boston. But without any regard to the 
sanctity of a flag, the rebels seized his vessel, and plundered his eff"ects. He was, 
however, fortunate enough to escape, and with two or three young fellows, belonging 
to Woolwich, reached Penobscot in safety, leaving a wife and ten children to the 
mercy of the incensed rebels." A letter from Fort George, Penobscot, written about 
a month later than the foregoing, says : " Carleton is gone in a flag to Kennebeck for 
some families." 

Mr. Bailey addressed the following to Captain C. It is dated Cornwallis, N. S. 
April 8th, 1782. " I received a letter from you last summer, but was prevented from 



APPENDIX. 337 

making any reply by reason of the rebel boats and plunderers on our coast. I have 
letters from Penobscot, but no mention of you. As to what you mentioned concern- 
ing your return to Kennebeck : if you are not already there, I would beg leave to 
reply, that I cannot apprehend it would be prudent for you to put yourself into their 
power, and to what purpose will be Mr. McCobb's protection, however honest his in- 
tentions, when there is a power in the governor and his council to apprehend any 
person they please, and to proceed with him according to martial law. It cannot be 
denied that, according to their laws, you have been guilty of treason." 

Jackson, (of .) Rev. J. Bailey wrote to Mr. Jackson atPownalboro', 



Maine, and said : " Mr. Lee has lately arrived here from New York, and informs me 
that your brother is at Newport, Rhode Island." 



Coffin, Dr., (of Falmouth, Maine.) In writing to Rev. Mr. Wiswall, April 

28th, 1781, Mr. Bailey says : " Dr. Coffin still continues at Falmouth, an inflexible 
friend of government." 

Dr. Cassimire Meyer, (of Pownalboro', Maine.) Dr. Meyer accompanied Rev. J. 
Bailey in his journey to Halifax, in June, 1779. When Mr. B. left that place for 
Cornwallis, Dr. M. remained behind. He was implicated with Edmund Doharty, in 
the concealment of deserters from British men-of-war, but was cleared from the charge. 
(See under E. Doharty.) Mr. Bailey says, April 18th, 1781 : " Mr. Doharty and Dr. 
Meyer are just removed to Penobscot." Mrs. R. Callahan writes, Pownalboro', Oct. 
11th, 1789 : " The Meyers are all well. Cassimire has returned, built him a hut on the 
banks of the Sydney, and lives quite in the hermit's style. The name of the Eastern 
River is altered by Court to that of Sydney." 

Maj. Samuel Goodwin, (of Pownalboro'.) His agency in promoting the settle- 
ment of Kennebec has been spoken of. 
Mr. Bailey says : " Major Goodwin signed an address to Gen. Gage." 

43 



338 APPENDIX. 



LETTERS AND JOURNALS. 

The following letters and journals were not inserted in the 
Memoir. But as they appear to contain much that is worthy 
of being preserved, they are placed in the Appendix. 

PowNALBORo', April 8th, 1763. 
To Dr. S. Gardiner, Boston. 

» * As to Cobbosee,* I am sorry to find some of the greatest bigots there in the 
land against the Church of England. I was lately among them to preach a lecture, 
but the people excused themselves from attending, and desired that I would visit them 
on a Sunday. I however preached at Capt. Howard's,t and had a considerable con- 
gregation of the upper settlers. * » * 

Po-«'XALBORO', March 10th, 1766. 
To Rev. H. Caner, Boston. 

* * I have had more avocations abroad this winter than ever, on the business of 
my Mission, and have been several journeys of twenty or thirty miles each way, to 
marry and baptize. 

PowNALBORo', October loth, 1766. 
To Mr. Atnos Bailey. 

* * * We have all been alarmed on account of the Indians, and have been 
obliged to quit our habitations, though there has not the least damage been done by 
them. 

1767. 

August 1st. At Richmond, at Mr. Nye's. 

2d — Sunday. 80 persons at Church. Contribution, £3 19 6, O. T. 

3d. Mrs. Silvester here. 

******* 

\Zth. Visit from Mess. Bowdoin's, Pitts' and Reed's families. 
\Qth — Sunday. 82 persons at Church. Contribution, £2 12 0. 
20<A. Married John Row and Hannah Chase. 60 people present. 
21th. A great quarrel at Frankfort. J 
September 7th. At Richmond, at Deacon Chase's. 

lllh. At iVIr. Houdlette's. Married Philip Mayer and Polly Houdlette. Sixty 
people present. A fine entertainment. 
2Ut. Set out to meet Mr. Weeks. || Lodged at Dr. Moor's. 

* Cotosee-contee, or Sturgeon Eiver, is the Indian name of a stream which enters the Kennebec at 
the present city of Gardiner. The territory near the junction of the two rivers retained for a long 
time the name which the Indians gave to the stream. 

t Probably at Fort Western, in the present city of Augusta. 

4: This was the name of the West Precinct of Pownalboro", before the territory bearing that appel- 
lation was incorporated. The original name appears to have continued in popular language many 
years after the act of incorporation. 

U Rev. J. Wmgate Weeks, Rector of St. Michael's Church, Marblehead. 



APPENDIX. 339 



22d. Travelled to Skillings' (?) with Capt. Berry. 

23d. Arrived at Ladd's, (?) but saw nothing of Mr. Weeks. At night, came to Mr. 
Greenwood's and lodged. 

24//j. Travelled with Mr. Greenwood. Arrived at Portsmouth, and slept at Col. 
Warner's. 

2oth. Arrived at Xewbury, and slept at (Rev.) Jlr. Bass's. 

2Gth. Changed horses at Rowley. Arrived at Marblehead. 

27th — Sundaij. Preached for Mr. Weeks. 

2itk. Mr. Weeks procured for me five dollars. Capt. Walton (?) gave me one. 
Arrived at Marchas, (Manchester ?) and lodged at my brother's. 

29th. Rode to Rowley, and there found my old friend Dr. Moore (?). Spent the 
afternoon at Mrs. Woodman's. 

30</j. Rode to Portsmouth. Visited Mr. Browne,* and slept at Col. Warner's. 

October l.s^ Travelled this day with Dr. Jones, Capt. Lovet, and Capt. Woodman. 
We all put up at Kimball's. 

2d. Reached Mitchell's about dusk. 

3^/. Reached Dr. Moor's, greatly fatigued. 

Alh. Reached home. 

"III. Unwell, could not attend a funeral. 

8^/t. Visited Mr. Lilly, Mr. Iloudlette, Mr. J. Goud, and Mr. P. Mayer. 

Wth — Sunday. 80 persons at Church. Contribution, IBs. 

\2th. Mr. Michcls arrived here. 

18</i — Sundaij. But a few people at Church. 

22d. Mrs. Bailey and I go to Woolwich. 

2M. We come from Woolwich, and dine at Mr. Preble's. Afterwards, I go down 
to Mr. Butler's. 

2ith. At Mr. Butler's and Mr. Moulton's. 

2'')th — Sundai/. Preached at Mr. Drumraond's.f Baptized two. 

26lh. Rode down to Mr. Percy's, but got badly lost. 

27lh. Returned. Baptized 5 children. 

2Sth. A severe storm of rain and snow. At Dr. Moor's, Visited Mr. Winter.^ 

29//«. A violent stormy wind. At Dr. Moor's. 

30th. Rode home. 

3lst. Travelled in my late excursion 80 miles. 

[The Journals are missing from November 1st, 1767, to April 1st, 1769.] 

1769. 

April 5lh — Simday. Such bad travelling, no service. 

13th. At Mr. Lilly's. II Mr. Goud's, Mrs. Patterson's, and Capt. Callahan's. 
loth. Mr. Dunlap here, at Major Goodwin's. Letters from Boston. 
nth. Capt. Callahan arrives here, with a large packet from Dr. Gardiner, contain- 
ing a plan of a Church, etc. At Mr. Pochard's. Baptized Jane Carney. 

ISth. Mrs. Chase here. 

21si!. At Capt. Callahan's, Mr. Goud's, Mr. Ridley's, etc. 

23d. Rode over to Averill's. Married his daughter Lydia to A. Dunlap. 



* Eev. Arthur Browne, Rector of Queen's Chapel. 

t In Georgetown. 

J Probably Rev. Francis Winter, (Ilarvard Coll., 1765,) Pastor of the Second Congregational parish 
in Georgetown. 

II Mr. L. was an Englishman. He taught a school for a number of years. Contributions were raised 
for his benefit, and those under his instruction paid a fixed sum, but the children of the poor were 
taught gratuitously. 



S4d APPENDIX. 

'iAth. At Dr. Rice's and Mr. Wood's. Married Nathaniel Rundlett to Lydia 
Laclat (?). 
2<jth — Easter Day. Eleven Communicants. 
27th. Chose Parish officers. 
30th. At Mr. Chase's. 

PowNALBORo', January 5th, 1771. 
To Mr. William Gardiner. 

* * We have had a fine winter here, and the people of Gardinerston are at work 
upon the frame of their church. 

[The Journals are missing from May 1st, 1769, to January 1st, 1772.] 

1772. 

January \^th. At Martin Haley's. 

January 25th, 1772. 
To Mr. William Gardiner. 

* * * I am invited to preach at Pond-town,* and other settlements up the 
river. 

27i'A. Rode to Woolwich. Baptized William and Margaret, children of William 
and Eliza Gilmore. 

February 2d^Simday. 33 persons at Church. Baptized Nathaniel Bailey. Myself 
and brother, Mrs. Bailey, Eliza Pochard, Capt. Callahan, Mr. Pochard, and Mrs. B. 
(Sponsors ?) 

3d. Judge Cushingt and Rowland Cushing spend the evening at my house. 

7ih. At Mr. Malbone's. 

10th. Twenty people here for pews. 

16th — Sunday. 15 persons at Church. Snow 3 feet 6 inches deep. 

2oth. (Rev.) Mr. Wheelerj here. 

2Qth. Mr. Parsons arrives here. 

March 3d. Mr. Parsons returns for Portsmouth. 

5lh. A most violent snow storm — continues all night. Snow falls to the depth of 
14 inches. Set off for Georgetown ; obliged to return. 

9th. At Mr. White's. 

nth. John Stain and George Goud came to cypher. 

April 5th — Sunday. 70 persons at Church. Baptized J. Jacqueen. 

6th. At Mr. Herring's funeral. 

2<3th. A violent, cold snow storm. 8 people at the choice of Church officers. 

21s^. At Mr. Ridley's and Mr. Lovejoy's. 

26th — Sunday. 80 persons at Church. Baptized Joanna Carney and Samuel Clensy. 

May IGth. Baptized 3 children for Loins. 

26th. Baptized Spearing and two childr«n. 

29th. Baptized 3 children for Emerson ; one of them dies suddenly the same day. 

30^/i. Hannah Emerson buried. 

June 2d. At my brother's. Mr. Gardiner. 

3d. Mrs. Bailey went with me to Cobbosee. 

ith. At Gardinerstown. Six Indians. 

♦Pond-town includes the present towns of Winthrop, Eeadfleld, and part of yVayne.—Eistori/ of 
Kennebec Purchase. Me. Hist. Colls., li. 285. 

t William Cusliing was the first Judge of Probate in Lincoln County. He afterwards received an 
appointment as Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. At a later date, 
Washington appointed him a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. 

t Of Georgetown. 



APPENDIX. 341 



6th. Came home. 

7th — Sutiday. 100 persons at Church. Contribution, £1 10 0. 

13th. At Capt. Twyecross'.* 

nth. At Capt. Lovejoy's. Baptized 4 children at McGown's. 

23d. At Mr. J. Reed's, Mr. Goud's, etc. Esq. Preble, Dr. McKechnie. 

2oth. At Mr. Kendall's. 

26th. At Mr. Doe's. 

29th. Set off for Falmouth. 

30//t. Arrive at P'almouth. 

July 1st. After paying several visits, set off for home, and lodged at Loring's. 

2d. Returned home. 

6lh. Dr. (S.) Gardiner and son here. 

12th — Sunday. 55 persons at Church. Scales preaches at the Court-house. 

19/A — Sunday. 95 persons at Church. Scales at the Court-house. 

22d. At Mr. L. Houdlette's. Mr. Gardiner here. 

27th. Required by Col. Gushing to quit my house to M. 

2dth. M. takes possession of this house. 

August 3d. Mr. Springer here. 

5lh. A terrible storm of thunder, lightning and rain, for 6 hours. J. Noble's 
house struck. 

6th. Went to Gardinerston. Raised their spire. 

Sth. At home. Company, Capt. Folger and Mr. Baker. 

IQth. At Mr. Patterson's. Baptized Joanna Howard. 

13th. Mr. Winter preached at Mr. Kidder's, and baptized 9 persons. 

14//(. Mr. Winter and Mr. Winthrop here. 

16^/j — Sunday. Opened the Church at Cobbosee. 80 persons present. Baptized 
Daniel Tibbetts, John Door, and Joseph Pike, Adults ; and Louisa Fletcher, Theo- 
dore, Edward and Abiather Tibbetts, and Hannah Warren. 

22d. At Capt. Smith's. 

23f/ — Sunday. 90 persons at Church. Contribution, £1 7 0. 

2ith. At Call's. Baptized children for him. 

2oth. At Capt. Folger's, to visit Mrs. Pratt, sick. 

29th. At Mr. Leure's (?) Baptized his child. 

SOth—Sundaij. 92 persons at Church. Contribution, £7 0. 

3lst. Set out with Mrs. Bailey for Boston. Tarried over night at Dr. Moor's. 

September 1st. In company with Mr. Winter. Lodged at Bachman's. 

2d. Lodged at Littlefield's. 

3d. Lodged at York. 

4tth. Lodged at Newbury. 

5th. Arrived at Marblehead. 

Sept. 6ih — Sunday. Preached at Marblehead. 

7th. At Marblehead. 

8th. At Salem. Arrived at Boston, an angry interview with Dr. (S.) Gardiner. 

9th. Met with trouble at the Convention. 

10th. Dined at Dr. Byles' in Charlestown. 

lUh. Returned to Marblehead. 

12th. Dined at Mr. Abraham's. 

13//i — Sunday. At Marblehead. 

lith. Dined at Col. Gallison's. 

•Robert Twyecross came as master of a merchant ship from England to Kennebec. He married 
Lydia, daughter of Maj. S. Goodwin, by whom he had five children. He left the country in time of 
the Revolution, and became a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy. His wife and children went to him in 
Loudon. One of them, Stephen if., returned, and married Mary Bailey, and died in Dresden. 



342 APPENDIX. 

15th. John Weeks here. 

IQth. Went to Boston. Mrs. Bailey went to Greenland. 

nth. Spent the day chiefly at Charlestown. 

18th. Returned in the evening to Marblehead. 

19th. At Salem. Supped at Capt. Webbe's. 

20th — Su7iday. Preached, but very unwell. 

21st. Set out from Marblehead, Lodged at Newbury. 

22d. Third Mrs. Bailey at North-hill. Lodged at Greenland. 

23d. Lodged at Cape Natick. 

24iA. In company with Mrs. Perkins, and the Doctor, lodged^at Mr. Trask's. 

2oth. Lodged at Mr. Springers. 

2Qth. Arrived home with Mrs. Bailey and her brother, the Doctor. 

Oct Gth. Abroad training. 

ll//» — Sunday. Disappointed of preaching at Gardinerstown ; preached at home. 

12th. Four children of Mr. Carney's at school. 

ISth. Mr. Gardiner lodges here. 

PowNALEOKorGH, October loth, 1772. 
To Rev. iV. W. Wheeler. 

Rev. Sir : — I was very sorry not to find you at Boston, and was sadly disappointed 
in missing an opportunity of seeing you. I sincerely regret your absence from this 
country, which leaves me wholly exposed to the merciless rage, I will presume to say, 
of the vilest miscreants on earth. You have doubtless heard that I have been ex- 
pelled my habitation ; and with a view of preserving the church from destruction I 
took a lease of the parsonage house for si.x months. Dr. Gardiner was extremely 
oifended at my proceedings. He wanted me to engage in a law suit with M., but, in 
the opinion of good lawyers, fully acquainted with the circumstances, there was 
hardly a bare probability of success. There is now liberty of redemption till the last 
of next July, and if the Doctor would compose himself to reason, the affair might 
easily be accommodated. But this gentleman was certainly wrong to erect the church 
and house upon disputed lands, contrary to repeated remonstrances. At Convention 
I had a most melancholy time. The Doctor made his complaint against me to the 
clergy, accused me of sacrilege, and, if I understand the matter, endeavom'ed to ob- 
tain their interest against me with the Society. Two or three gentlemen were very 
severe against me, and an equal number were in my favour. At length the matter 
dropped without any representation of the affair to the Society. I reckon myself under 
peculiar obligations to Mr. Troutbeck and Mr. Winslow. I am sorry, however, I took 
a lease, though my intentions were for the best. I believe it would have been better 
if I had wholly quitted the house and refused to commence a lawsuit about the mat- 
ter ; and if all should now be accommodated I am in a very bad situation, having 
already expended near a year's salary, and must be a slave to my successor. 

21s^. At Goodwin's. All sick with the measles. 

[Extract from a communication by Mr. Bailey to one of the Boston newspapers, No- 
vember 2d, 1772 :— ] 

*' The western part of this town is separated from Wiscassett by a tract of unculti- 
vated land seven or eight miles over, and was chiefly settled by foreign Protestants 
mostly French, about twenty years ago, in the neighborhood of which, at that time, 
resided a Romish Missionary, from Canada, who labored to seduce the people both 
from their religion and the English interest. His design being perceived, and to pre- 
vent their children from being perverted, they united in a petition, setting forth these 
facts, to the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts, requesting that 
a Missionary of the Church of England might be appointed to reside among them. 



APPENDIX. 343 



The Society, in consideration of their danger, and in compassion to their extreme 
poverty, granted their petition, and have ever since supplied them both with a Minis- 
ter, a number of Bibles, and many pious tracts. It must be evident that no objection 
can be advanced against supporting a Mission in that remote and necessitous part of 
the country ; and the ingenious Dr. Mayhew, well known to be no friend to the 
Church or the Society, acknowledges that their conduct in this instance merits the 
highest applause. 

Nov. ith. At Nantucket.* 

8th — Sunday. 77 persons at Church. Contribution £3 5s. 

12th. At Col. Cushing's. 

nth. At Mr. Twing's. 

Dec. 3rd — Thanksgiving Dai/- 33 persons at church. Preached at night at Love- 
joy's, 31 persons present. 

Glh — Sunday. 6 persons present. At night baptized four children of Cleave- 
land's. (?) 

lolh. At Capt. Twyecross'. 

Po-WNALBOBOUGH, November 7th, 1772. 
To Rev. J. Wingate Weeks, Marbhhead. 

Dear. Sir: — I have received your letter and the bundle you sent from Marblehead, 
but hear nothing of the other by way of Newmarket. You have doubtless seen the 
pieces signed " Probus" and "Detector." Mr. B. and his companioa keep them 
very private, and, I believe, would never have exposed them among the people here 
had not Callahan opened the matter. These gentlemen declare, without any reserve, 
that " Probus " is Dr. Caner, and they scruple not to call him a liar. It is imagined 
that " Detector " is Col. C, with the assistance of Bowman. But whoever is the au- 
thor, it is a composition of the most open and notorious falsehoods. He asserts that 
" our first inhabitants emigrated from Frankfort." Now before a single person knew 
of these publications I made an exact enquiry, and found that not a single person 
came either from Frankfort, or from its jurisdiction. He next declares, that " no 
French were among them." It might with equal truth be affirmed that all the inhab- 
itants of Kennebeck are Indians. Again, he makes a mighty parade about a settle- 
ment began from Dorchester in 1760. In reply to that, I am certain that only two 
families of Quakers from Scituate settled in this place that year. Besides these, 
three families, two of European Church people, and the other a Quaker, began in 
November the settlement at Cobbosee-Contee. These are all the persons who settled 
in Kennebeck in 1760. What is asserted concerning two parishes on Sheepscot Eiver 
is equally false, for there is but one, and the old ordained minister so largely support- 
ed, is blind Prince, whose hearers are extremely poor, and himself in almost a starving 
condition. Col. Cushing has declared, since his arrival from the westward, that had 
not my attachment to Dr. Gardiner been so great, I should not have had an enemy in 
Pownalborough, and he hinted that it was yet in my power to secure the friendship 
of every one. This, perhaps, was said for some ensnaring purpose. His opinion and 
yours, that but few would go to church if they were obliged to contribute to it^ sup- 
port, is contrary to my notion of the matter. More, I am persuaded, would be willing 
to pay towards the church than the meeting, but were both to be maintained here by 
the people, some would certainly turn Quakers to avoid taxes. An exchange with 
(Rev.) Mr. Badger would be agreeable to me, but I cannot think that there is the 
most distant prospect of his accepting the offer. The affair was mentioned some 
time ago, and I was informed that it was disagreeable to my hearers. 

♦ Four persons from the Island of Nantucket, Mass., purchased a farm in the northeasterly part of 
Pownalborough, and gave the name of their former residence to their purchase. 



344 APPENDIX. 

December I8th. * * * I cannot avoid mentioning the extraordinary generosity of 
our people. "We have not bought any kind of meat since we came home, and yet 
have been plentifully supplied. Besides meal, butter, and a great plenty of vege- 
tables, Mrs. Bailey says we have meat enough to last us a month. Scarce a family 
have failed to contribute something. 

25th — Christmas Day. 32 persons at Church. 
26th. No ice in the river except a little run. 

30th. A fine, clear, warm day. Flies playing about in the fields like summer. 
Wind S. W. 
3lst. Scarcely any ice in the river. 

[At the end of this journal are the following names. Some of them are known to 
have been children at the time, all were young persons. They may have been mem- 
bers of a school which Mr. Bailey taught, or perhaps Catechumens in his parish; 
Molly Houdlette.* Becky Nye, Becky Emerson,t Sarah Emerson, J Hannah Emerson, 
Peggy McGown.ll Jenny McGown,^ Molly McGown.t Molly Clensy, Betty Ken- 
dall,** Mary Carlo, ft Jenny Pochard,++ Katy Carlow, Lydia Goodwin, Nancy Good- 
win, Sally Ridley, 1111 Charlotte Smith, Molly Carney, Polly Lovejoy.^^S Fanny Lovejoy, 
Sally Andros, Ruthy Carney, Dolly Houdlette,1I1T Anna C. Houdlette,*;^* Martin 
Carlow, George Pochard, William Kendall, Thomas Burns, James Patterson, Amos 
Holland, James Ridley, John Ridley, Francis Ridley.] 

1773. 

[The Journal for January is missing.] 

PowNALBORo', Feb. 6th, 1773. 
To Rev. J. Wingate Weeks, Marblehead. 

Dear Sir ; — * * * * I should be glad of your resolution of the following 
case. I lately published a young fellow to Mr. Ridley's daughter immediately after 
service. Another young woman forbad the banns, alledging that he was under en- 
gagements to her. The next morning they paid me a visit, and the man acknowl- 
edged that he had solemnly promised himself to both, and begged that Esther 
Kendall, the girl present, would release him. She declared herself willing, but was 
under scruples of conscience on account of her promise, which was in the following 
words : " I wish I may never enter into the kingdom of heaven if I marry any other 
man," and desired me to give my opinion. After a long dispute the fellow declared, 
before witnesses, in favour of the girl's character, and gave his consent that his pub- 
lishment to her rival might go on, but the next day Mrs. Ridley forbad it again, and 
the poor fellow was left absolutely destitute, for Esther absolutely refuses to marry 
him, but imagines herself obliged by her promise to live single all her days. Now I 
should be obliged if you would give me your sentiments. 

February 1th — Sunday. A storm of snow, 8 inches. No service in church. 

20th. At S. Marson's. 

lath. Baptized Benjamin Lawrence. 

2Qth. Mr. Gardiner, Dr. McKecknie and Mr. Goodwin. 

* Married George Mayer. f Married John Stain. % Mairied Elipbalet Dudley. 

II Married Col. Cargill. § Married Mason. IT Married George Mason. 

** Married Paul Beckford. ft Married White. XX Married Jolin McGown. 

nil Married Dr. Theobald. ^^ Married Dinsmore. IITT Married .Abraham Page. 

*■),* Married Beckford. Mrs. Beckford is now living, and was 93 years of age June 

lUth, 1853. 



APPENDIX. 



345 



March 2d. Ran out the Church land with Mr. Goodwin and Dr. McKecknie. 

3d. Baptized Mr. Kendall. 

5tk. At Mr. GatchcU's, (at Bowdoinhara.) 

Gth. At John Barker's. 

11th. Baptized Hannah, Joanna, Nathaniel, and Elizabeth Haley. 

lith — Sunday. 114 people at church. 

PowNALBORo', March loth, 1773. 
To Rev. J. i^'ingate Weeks, Maiblehead, Mass. 

It is above three months since I have had the pleasure of hearing from you. I 
■^one no misfortune has befallen you or your family. I am very uneasy in my present 
situation, and what gives me the greatest vexation, is the scandal whicli was thrown 
upon rac by Dr. Gardiner, and so readily believed by several of my brethren, who, with- 
out a proper knowledge of the law, or any acquaintance with the circumstances of affairs 
were disposed to condemn me. Iii the first place it is evident by a standing law of the 
Province, (see p. 370,) that no Episcopal minister can aliene any lands or possessions 
of the Church, without the concurrence of his Wardens and Vestry ; and next, if 
there is any foundation for a law-suit, it must be carried on in their names, which 
they absolutely refuse, every one declares that he had rather pay his proportion to 
redeem it ; and besides, upon lately running rut the land by a sworn surveyor, we were 
able to correct several mistakes. The land, of which M. gave me a lease, falls without 
our grant from the Plymouth Company, and therefore could by no means afi'ect our 
title to the parsonage, then the house is found to stand upon land of which he gave 
me no lease, and, to our great satisfaction, we find the church is without the limits of 
the Major's claim, and with it about thirty-five acres of land. 
But to make the matter plain, I have annexed the following scheme : 



■ / 




Xorden's lot, of 


/ 




which M. gave me 


/ 




a lease. 


/ 


■ 




/ ■ 

/ The Church & 


Kier's lot on which 




the house stands. 




/ land viithout the 






/ Major's claim. 







By this you will perceive that, though the church and a pretty lot of land are secure, 
yet the house is on Goodwin's claim, and further, that by paying the money, we shall 
have nearly fifty acres more than our grant specifies. 

M. is so chagiined at this discovery, that he is preparing to build a meeting-house, 
and declares that he will have the parsonage for a dissenting minister. Mr. Ridley, 
the bearer, determines, if possible, to procure the money for paying off' M., and to ob- 
tain a deed of Goodwin, for which he will ofiFer security. I am certain, as I hinted to 
you before, that whoever should advance the money and take the house and land for 
security, would have a fine bargain, for more has been offered for Norden's lot alone, 
without any house, than M. demands. It you could, either by your advice or other- 

44 



846 APPENDIX. 



wise, assist me in settling this unhappy affair, it would give me extreme satisfaction ; 
but not having received a single line in answer to a number of letters, I am greatly 
oppressed with melancholy dejection. 

Far distant from the pleasing scenes of life, 

From all the joys which sacred friendships give ; 

Amid the sons of malice and of strife, 

Where discord rages I am doomed to live. 

I cannot forbear making some severe reflections upon theconduct of the generous Mr. 
Hancock ; for when we consider that upon Kennebeck there are seven new settlements 
beside Pownalboro', extremely poor and destitute of any religious worship, which 
would have gladly received his bounty ; when we reflect that he has no interest within 
several miles of this place, and that his offer is received here with general dislike, his 
generosity cannot proceed from a truly pious and benevolent principle, but from 
malice to the Church of England, and a violent party spirit or opposition to Dr. 
Gardiner. I am certain from what already appears, that it will throw us into the 
greatest confusion, and promote a multitude of quarrels. One of their committee men 
for building their meeting-house, who was esteemed the only conscientious dissenter 
among them, now declares himself a churchman from principle, and lately told me 
that if they proceeded, I should be welcome to his rates. 

April 25th. Baptized Sarah, daughter of James Goud. 

2Sth. Mr. "William Gardiner put me in possession of the parsonage house and land 
in Pownalborough, by virtue of a power from Major Goodwin, in the presence of Capt. 
Merone, John Stain, Peter Pochard, and Christopher Jacqueen. 

May 1st. Married Capt. Ward and Alice Graves. 

2d — Sunday. 80 people at church. Contribution, 17s. Baptized Sarah, daugliter 
of Louis and Mary Houdlette. 

9ih — l^unday. 95 people at church. Baptized Dolly, Frederick, and Betty Jacqueen. 

16tk — Sunday. 90 people at church. Contribution £4 10s. 

28</i. Mr. Brackett arrived from abroad. 

30/A — Sunday. 110 people at church. Contribution £1 19s. 9d. 

June 2id. At court. Bid off at vendue Mrs. Brackett's* lot. 

Qth — Sunday. 100 people at church. Contribution £2 3s. 

Ith. Mr. Brackett returned home. 

V)lh. A most severe and violent storm of wind and rain, intermingled with show- 
ers of hail, continues from 12 at night till near 12 in the morning ; does great damage, 
and blows down an immense number of trees and some buildings. Very cold ; wind 
S. E. 

Vlth. Baptized Sarah Pratt. Go up to Gardinerstown. Arrive at 10 at night, 

IZth — Sunday. At Gardinerstown. 104 people at church. Contribution £8 5s. 
Returned after service and baptized Sarah Warren and Molly, and Parker. 

YJth. (Rev.) Mr. Badger arrives. 

20th— Sunday. (Rev.) Mr. Badger preached, P. M. Contribution, £2 16s. 

22d. (Rev.) Mr. Badger returns home. 

27th — Sunday. 105 persons at church. Contribution for Mr. Lewis, £20 5s. 

30ih. On board Capt. Callahan. Mr. Hitchins came to board here. 

July 5th. Baptized two infants. 

1th. At Deacon Chase's. He is moving up the river. 

Vlth. Married George Stilphen and Molly Ridley. 

July VJth. At night a prodigious Aurora. 

20/A. Mr. Gage, from London. 



* Sister of Mrs. Bailey. 



APPENDIX. 347 

2lst. "Went to Georgetown with Mrs. Bailey. Baptized James, son to James and 
Susanna Thorn. 

22d. Returned from Georgetown. 

25th — Sunday. 100 people at church. Contribution, £2 10s. 

27th. Dr. Moor moves from Georgetown. 

29th. At Dr. Tupper's and Mr. Eldredge's. 

August 1st — Sundai/. Preached at Cobbossee-contee. 160 persons at church. 
Baptized 22. Contribution, £9. 

4th. At home. Supped at Maj. Goodwin's with Dr. (S.) Gardiner. 

5th. Attended Dr. Gardiner, and dined Mith him on Swan Island. 

6th. Baptized Anna Springer. 

12th. Baptized Betty and Hannah Aland. 

22d — Sunday. In the morning thimder and heavy rain. 34 persons at church. 
Baptized Peter Pochard ; Godfathers, George Mayer and Christopher Jacqueen ; God- 
mother, Houdlette. 

29//j — Sunday. 132 persons at church. Baptized John Goodwin ; Godfather, Ste- 
phen JVIarson. Contribution, £3 l-5s. 

30^//. Set off for Boston in company with Dr. Tupper. Lodged at Stone's. 

^\st. Lodged at Marsh's. 

September \st. Lodged at Morrell's, in Berwick. 

2d. Lodged at Jo. Brackett's, in Newmarket. 

3d. Arrived at Mr. Badger's, in Uavcrhill. 

4th. At Haverhill. 

olh — Sunday. Preached at Almsbury. Contribution, £3 4*. 

6th. Set out from Haverhill. Lodged at Manchester. 

7th. Beached Marblehead at 10, Boston 8 in the evening. 

8th. At Convention, 14. Mrs. Bailey arrived by water. 

dth. At Convention. Dined at Mr. Troutbcck's. 

10th. Dined ^vith Mrs. Bailey at Dr. Gardiner's. 

11^/i. Mrs. Bailey went.to Marblehead. 

12^/( — Sunday. Preached in Christ Church, morning ; in King's Chapel in the even- 
ing. Supped at Dr. Gardiner's. 

13//;. Rode to Marblehead. 

14th. At Mr. Weeks's. 

15th. Visited Mrs. Bourn at her country seat. 

16th. On Cat Island at the raising of an hospital 80 feet long, 22 feet wide, 3 sto- 
ries. Present, 80 men. 112 sail in sight. 

17th. At Salem. Visited (Rev.) Mr. McGilchrist. 

ISlh. At Mr. Weeks's and Capt. Webber's. 

19th — Sunday. Mrs. Bailey and I stood for Mr. Weeks's child. 

20th. Set out for home. Stopped at (Rev.) Mr. Bass's. 

21s/. At Brackett's, in NeAvmarket. 

22d. Dined at Col. Chadbourne's. Lodged at Kimball's. 

23d. Lodged at Mitchell's, North Yarmouth. 

24th. Arrived home about 7 in the evening. 

2Gth — Sunday. 100 people at Church. Contribution, 10s. 

October I4th. Married Caleb Barker. 

31st — Su7iday. 100 persons at church. Contribution, £1 4s. 

POWNALBOROUGH, NoV. Ist, 1773. 

Messrs. 31ills i.^» Hicks, Boston. 

Gentlemen : — * « * * I have hitherto employed much of my leisure in writing, 
without ever venturing to offer any of my productions to the publick, and I find 



348 APPENDIX. 

among my papers, almost finished, a spelling-book, upon a different plan from any 
hitherto published. I begin witli lessons of one syllable, and then proceed to two, 
three, &c. Each lesson consists of short, entertaining stories, single, or dialogues 
suitable to the capacity of children, and calculated to instruct them in some important 
parts of their duty. After a short sketch of natural history, and a variety of useful 
observations, I have added a short system of morals, with familiar examples, a com- 
pend of geography, and a number of curious tables. It may be contained in ten or 
twelve sheets. If you imagine it would be acceptable to the publick please favor me 
with a line by Capt. Callahan. 

POWNALBORO', Nov. 1st. 1773. 
To Mrs. Susanna Renkin, Fore Street, near the Drawbridge, Boston. 

Madam: — "VVe shall be extremely obliged if you would get Mrs. to make six 

yards of fringe for our pulpit . We have got very handsome tassels and therefore 

shall not want any. If you could have it done by next trip, I will procure some per- 
son to call upon you for it with the money. 

November 2d. Married Samuel Marson and Jenny Millar. 

lith — Sunday. 80 persons at church. Contribution, 16s. Baptized Francis Stil- 
phen. 

llth. Mr. Gardiner, Mr. Hazard, and Dr. Hicks here. 
2oth. Married George Mayer and Molly Houdlette. 

PowNALBOEo', Nov. 26th, 1773. 
To Messrs. Mills and Hicks, Boston. 

I have been favored with your letter, and have received one of Bickerstaffs Alma- 
nacks. They are in so much esteem among us as to prevent the sale of any others. 
I am sorry to find the eastern road so very incorrect. Several good publick houses 
are omitted and other inserted which have no existence, besides, the distances are very 
imperfect. I thought myself perfectly qualified to give a correct account of this 
road, having travelled it above thirty times ; for this reason, and in compliance with 
your request, I sent you an exact list of the publick houses, and their distances, from 
Boston to Quebeck, and, as the road is measured, I could not possibly be mistaken in 
the latter. But since my letter may have possibly miscarried, I have enclosed another, 
(if it arrives time enough,) for your Register. At the desire of Mr. Mills I have in- 
serted an exact account of all the religious societies in this country according to their 
foundation. 

Georgetown, 'Emmerson, 'Winter; Pownalboro' ; Newcastle, (Y.) yacant; Bristol, 
McLane ; Woolwich, Winship ; Topsham, (P.) vacant ; Bodingham, vacant ; Gardi- 
nerston, (E.) vacant ; Hallowell, none ; VVinsloio, none ; Vassalhorough, none ; Win- 
throp, none; Boothhay, Murray ; Broadbay, (L.) Shefi'ord ; St. Georges, vacant; Penob- 
scot, vacant ; Machias, vacant ; Goldsborough, vacant. 

I would remark that, in the western district of Pownalborough, where I live, there 
never was any other society except the Episcopal, neither meeting-house nor commu- 
nicants of any other persuasion. Therefore, to insert a vacancy here would be very 
wrong. In every other settlement where there is a meeting-house raised, or a body 
of communicants, but no minister, I have put down "vacant," but in those towns 
where there is neither I thought it proper to write " none." 

ZQth. Eight men building a hovel.* 

December lUh. Married Mr. Malbone. 



* In the early pci'ioil of the settlement poverty prevented the erection of framed and boarded 
barns. Instead of these four walls of logs were raised, which were roofed often times only with 
bark. Such buildings were called " hovels." 



APPENDIX. 349 

PowNAiBOEo', Dec. 18th, 1773. 
To Mr. Amos Bailey, (at .) 

Dear Brother : — * * * * "We have a man, one Carter, in jail for the 
murder of Josiah Parker. The prisoner has no chance for his life. It is very remark- 
able that we have had five or six murders committed upon Kennebcck river since my 
residence here, and that neither the murderers nor the persons killed ever frequented 
any Divine Worship. 

25th — Christmas. A storm of wind and rain ; snow all gone, and ice breaks up. 30 
persons at church. Dr. Moor and wife, my brother and wife, G. Mayer and wife, and 
Gookin here at dinner. 

At the end of the Journal for this year the following names are inserted. Sarah 
Emerson, Betsey Nye, Lazarus Goud, Mary Houdlette, William Kendall, George 
Clensy, Mrs. H. Bailey, Esther Kendall, Betty Goodwin, James Goud, Molly Paris, 
Sally Ridley, Polly Lovejoy, Lydia Goodwin, Mrs. Mary Houdlette, Charlotte Smith. 

1774. 

January IZth. Andrew buried. 

IQlh — Su7iday. 50 persons at church. Baptized Stephen Nymphas Twyecross and 
David Person Bailey. 

lllh. Married Daniel Dudley and Susy Densmore. 

February Ist. Set out for a journey up river. Lodged at Mr. Gardiner's. Baptized 
William Gardiner Warren. 

2d. At Esq. Howard's. Lodged at John Gatchell's. At Mr. Hoby's, Petty's, and 
Fort Halifax. 

Sd. Accompanied by Dr. McKecknie five miles ; arrived at Deacon Chase's a little 
before dark. 

4//j. Went up to Mr. Heywood's. Saw several Indians. 

5th. Visited the Indians, Capt. Out's, and several of the new settlers. 

February 6th — Sunday. 40 persons present. Baptized Eliza Pratt, Benja. Noble, 
Priscilla Emery and Joanna Malbone. 

7th. Rode to Mr. Petty's. Baptized Sarah Spencer, Amos Pochard, Abigail, Mary, 
Isaac, and Charles Pechin, and Mary and Martha Collar. 

8th. At Esq. Howard's, Mr. Gardiner's. Baptized Enis, aged 128 ( ? ) and John, 
Thomas, Polly, Matthew, and Nelly Gaslin. 

9th. At home. 

2lst. Committee meeting. 

23d. At Capt. Callahan's. Met Dr. Hicks, from Boston. 

25th. Open Andrew's grave. Find his body gone.* Present, 12 persons. 

March M. Rode to Mr. Gardiner's. 

March ith. At Mr. Hankerson's and Cowen's. Baptized Polly and James Cowen. 
Lodged at Mr. Gardiner's. 

5th. Arrived home. 

Gth — Sunday. Cloudy, and heavy rain. 70 persons at church. Contribution, 6s. 

April 2d. Baptized Thomas Brian. Crossed on the ice. 

12th. Ice breaks up in the Kennebcck. 

ISth. At night. Bodfish and Mercy Goodwin come to be married, but refused. 

lith — Fast Day. 30 persons at church. 

2ith — Sunday. 100 persons at church. Contribution, 16s. 

28//j. This day Peter Nephew and his wife Jenny ran away. 

May 7th. (Rev.) Mr. Weeks and Mr. Ward arrive here. 

* A negro slave of Major S. Goodwin. Ills body was used for the purposes of anatomy. 



350 APPENDIX. 

9th. On board Capt. Callahan. Three vessels in the eddy, loading at Dr. Moor's. 

llth. (Rev.) Mr. Weeks sets off home. 

13th. Mrs. Bailey delivered of a daughter, about 8 in the morning. 

22(1 — Sunday. 100 persons at church. Contribution, £1, 2, 6. Baptized Mary 
Bailey. 

30//i. The child dies about daylight. 

31s^. The child buried ; 36 persons at the funeral. 

Ju7ie 10th. Mr. Gardiner's bo}-, Jo, suddenly killed. (Rev.) Dr. Shetford* and an- 
other stranger. 

IGtIi. Baptized Margaret Patterson, daughter of P. Call. 

ISth. Rode down to Georgetown. Lodged at Mr. Drummond's. 

19//i. Baptized Patrick Drummond, Mary Pechlin (?), Hannah Hallowell Rogers, 
and Elija Williams. 

20th. Rode home. 

25th — Sunday. 120 persons at church. Contribution, £2, 17, 0. 

Jiihj 2Uh — Sunday. Showers. Warm and muggy weather. 30 persons at church. 
Baptized James Carney. 

August 1st. Baptized Jane Nephew. 

lOtJi. At Cobbosee-contee. 

29<A. Abroad ; brought home 12 sheep. 

September 7th. Set off with Dr. Tupper, for Boston. Lodged at Stone's. Insulted 
the next morning. 

8th. Lodged at Milliken's. Ill treated. 

dlh. Lodged at York. 

10th. Dined at Col. Warner's. Lodged at J. Weeks'. 

Sejjtember llth— Sunday. Lodged at Newbury. The country all in commotion. 

12th. Arrived at Marblehead. 

IZth. Reached Boston about sunset. 

lUh. Convention Sermon preached by Mr. Seargent. 

15th. Dined at (Rev.) Mr. Walter's. 

16/7*. Rode to Marblehead. 

nth — Sunday. Preached at Marblehead. Baptized 3 children. 

l%th. At Salem. 

V^th. Bound homeward. Lodged at North-hill. 

20th. Dined at J. Weeks'. Lodged at York. 

2lst. Lodged at Falmouth. 

22d. Lodged at Mrs. Loring's. 

23fZ. Mobbed at Brunswick. Got home at night. Mr. Gardiner at my house. 

2Qth. Abroad. Fled from the mob. Lodged at George Mayer's. 

27th. At George Mayer's. 

2Wi. Returned home. 

20th. Stephen Marson buried. 

PowNALBORo', October — , 1774. 

To . 

Deae, Sir: — We have been in the greatest confusion and distress imaginable, oc- 
casioned by continual mobs and insurrections. The day before my arrival at Fal- 
mouth, five hundred men in arms had been to visit Mr. Tyng, who was mobbed a few 
days before, at North Yarmouth. The country was in such a violent commotion, that 

* A Lutheran minister, settled, at that time, at Broadljay, now Waldoborough. After Mr. Bailey- 
left Pownalljorough, Dr. .Sheflbrd was sent for and baptized the children of George and AI. J. Mayer, 
members of the congregation of St. John's Church. 



APPENDIX. 351 

my friends advised me not to lodge at a publick house. The next day, being Friday, 
Col. Gushing returning home, was surrounded b}' twenty-five men in arms in the mid- 
dle of the woods. They called him a Tory, and demanded a surrender of his 

commission. He assured them that he had taken none under the present govern- 
ment, and after distributing money among them, he was suffered to escape. The next 
day, about noon, I was stopped at Stone's, in Brunswick, and accused of being a 
Tory, and an enemy to my country. They urged me to sign, and upon my refusal, 
protested they would visit me and Col. Gushing the following week. I arrived at 
Pownalboro' about dark, where I found the people in great consternation. A furious 
mob at Georgetown were running about in search of tea, and compelling people, by 
force of arms, to sign the solemn league. Another was raging up the river, within 
twelve miles. They had already destroyed one hundred and fifty pounds of tea for 
Esq. Hussey, and thrown his hay into the river. Mr. Gardiner had fled from their 
fury, and tarried with us all night, expecting every moment to be attacked, as Love- 
joy had already invited them among us, and threatened the utmost vengeance upon 
me, Ridley, Maj . Goodwin, etc. Mr. Gardiner returned after service, but was obliged 
to fly that evening, and escape to Boston. About midnight, one hundred and fifty 
men, armed with guns and various weapons, surrounded his house, demanded a sight 
of him, and insisted upon searching for tea. Mr. Hazard, a gentleman from Rhode 
Island, entered into a parley with their leaders, and they firmly engaged that none, 
except five chosen men, should enter into the house ; but they quickly broke their 
engagements, rushed in, rifled the house, broke open his desk, and perused his papers, 
and after being treated with several gallons of rum, they stole Mr. Hazard's buckles, 
and then inquired for Mr. Jones, the surveyor. They iusisted upon his signing the 
covenant, upon which he stripped open his bosom, and told them they might stab him 
to the heart, but nothing should induce him to sign that accursed instrument. They 
seized him with violence and threw him headlong into the river, and then dragged him 
about till he was almost torn to pieces, but all to no purpose. They at length desisted, 
and, having drank several gallons of rum, began to quarrel, and had a violent battle 
among themselves. Several remained dead drunk, and the remainder returned to 
their habitations. The other mob from Georgetown, Brunswick, etc., threatened to 
demolish the jail, and to throw the town-house into the river, but first they directed 
their course to Witchcassett, headed by Sam. Thompson, the Brunswick representa- 
tive. In their route, they offered violence to several persons. Having compelled one 
Hobby, a store-keeper, to sign the league, some of them, offended at certain e.x- 
pressions he let fall, returned and almost demolished him. They seized Capt. Carle- 
ton, of Woolwich, and, having prepared a coffin, commanded him to dig his own 
grave; but after all their threatenings, he escaped without signing the covenant. 
They assaulted Mr. "Wood on Monday morning, but he, having nearly one hundred 
men, with several pieces of cannon, prepared for his defence, and they were obliged 
to keep at a distance. A treaty was concluded towards evening between the parties, 
when the libertines solemnly engaged to make no further attempts till the next day, 
AVith this assurance Mr. Wood dismissed his men, which being known to the assail- 
ants, they came in the night and carried off the cannon, and in the morning fired them 
upon Mr. Wood, without any damage, however. Mr. Wood might have easily dis- 
persed them after all, but hearing that five hundred men were upon their march, and 
expected that a great deal of blood must be shed, he gave them a paper of his own 
drawing up. They then proceeded to visit Judge Rice and Mr. Moor, the minister, 
who, after haranguing them to little purpose for some time, were obliged to promise 
a compliance with the Congress. On Tuesday evening they arrived at Frankfort, 
(the Court sitting.) I will refer you to Mrs. Bailey's letter for an account of their 
proceedings here, and only remark, that their rage was chiefly directed against Bow- 
man, Maj. Goodwin, Ridley, and myself, because, as they alledged, from the instiga- 



352 APPENDIX. 



tion of Lovejoy, that we opposed the solemn league. Their behavior was a true mix- 
ture of comedy and tragedy. Besides the mischief they did, near three hundred men 
were supported for a week together, at the expense of their neighbors.. We are daily 
threatened with another invasion. Nothing can equal the false and ridiculous stories 
which prevail in these parts. 

PowNALBORo', November 1st, 1774. 
To Dr. S. Gardiner. 

Sir: — I must entreat you to send eight thousand of shingle nails, if you charge 
them to my account, and a thousand of ten-penny. It is impossible to live in this 
house unless it is covered, and the chamber over the kitchen finished. I have, at 
present, only one small room for the family, and the chamber over it for lodgings, in 
which we are obliged to have three beds, so that I have no convenience at all for study. 
If you look into my account, you will find that I was charged with all the shingle 
nails you sent two years ago, and, in short, Capt. Callahan and I have found all the 
nails for the parsonage-house at our own expense. I am sensible that we cannot rea- 
sonably expect anything further from you, after what you have already done, but 
what can I do ? Both the church and house are considerably indebted to me, and I 
must either suffer or expend more. 

November Wth. Went to Georgetown. Lodged at Mr. Butler's. 

llth. Baptized Catherine and Thomas Percy, Hannah Porterfield, Sarah and James 
Todd, Perkins, (?) Eleanor and Thomas Hogan, Jane Stevens, Elizabeth and Rebecca 
Snelling Malcom, and William Mahars (?). 

December IStli — Sunday. 15 persons at church. Whiting preached at Frankfort. 

March 2\st. Married Robert Rogers and Jane Grace. Baptized Darling, 

Samuel Meins and James Ward. 

Ap-il 9th — Sunday. 50 persons at church. Baptized Peter Pochard. 

10th. Baptized Sarah McGown. 

16th — Sunday. 70 persons at church. Contribution, 6s. 

2'iih. Assaulted by a number of ruffians. The news arrives of Col. Percy's defeat. 

25th. News of the battle of Concord sets the people into a great ferment. 

26th. (Rev.) Mr. Weeks and family arrive. 

27th. A great uproar, to prevent Mr. Weeks from landing his goods. The Com- 
mittee grant leave. 

29th. The people still in commotion. No work done this week. 

30th — Sunday. 80 persons at church. Contribution, 12s. 

May Zd. The Committee meet at Frankfort. 

5th. At Dr. Moor's, at Richmond. 

June 20th. Mr. Weeks and Mrs. Dixey. 

[Journal missing for July and August of this year.] 

September 1st. Mr. Weeks sets ofi" for Britain. 

16th. Married Capt. Hubbs and Dorcas AVilson. 

October 2d. Baptized Margaret Costello. 

6th. Mr. Weeks goes on his journey. 

13//«. Set oif for Falmouth. 

lith. Arrived at Falmouth. 

I5th — Swiday. Baptized Charles Hemmingway and Thurlo. 

IGth. A fleet of 6 sail come into the harbor. Capt. Mowat declares the destruction 
of Falmouth. 

18</t. Falmouth laid in ashes. 

29th — Sunday. 45 persons at church. Baptized A. Ridley. 

November 5th— Sunday. 44 persons at church. Mr. Weeks arrives in the evening. 

22,d, Mr. Bernard here. 



I 



APPEI^DIX. 353 

23d. Married Thomas Densraore and Susannah AVhitraore, at Bodingham. 

2iilh. Baptized Sarah Bounds Grossman. 

December 19lk. Married "William Len (?) and Hannah Kingslin (?). 

1776. 

January llth. Mr. "Weeks' family remove. 

SO/A. Mr. Weeks sets out for the "West. 

February 6th. Married Moses Dudley and Apphia Sleeper (?). Baptized David 
JTuntoon. 

A'^.ril \Slli. Married Edmund Doharty and Mary Haley. 

2'Sd. Married John "Welch and Eliza Baker. 

2ilh. Baptized Elizabeth, Hannah and Olivia Baker, adults ; Lorana McGregor 
and Jane Grace Ward. 

2~th. Mr. Weeks goes Westward. 

IHay \~tli — Coniinenial Fast. 35 persons at church. 

2ith. Examined before the Committee. 

26//i — Sunday. 52 persons at church. Baptized Simeon Lawrence. 

28/A. Laid under bonds at Bridge's. 

June ith. Baptized Jonathan Tousier (?). 

6//i. Mr. Weeks embarks. 

Jtt/y Till- Baptized Sarah and J. Dickson Parks, at Richmond. 

2'Mh — Sundny. 5^ persons at church. Baptized John Goud, John Carlo, Lazarus 
Goud, and Margaret Carlo. 

Auguit oth. Baptized Rebecca Preble. 

6lh. Rode with Mrs. Bailey to Mr. Butler's, Georgetown. 

7th. At Mr. T. Percy's. 

nth. Baptized Gilmore Percy, for Thomas Rogers (?) ; Hannah, for Anna Rogers ; 
Samuel, for Ptobert Thomas ; at Mr. Drummond's and Williams'. 

y//j. Rode home. 

ll//j — Suiuhiy. Forbidden to pray for the King. Only delivered a sermon. 

17th. Set otf for the West. Lodged at Frost's. 

ISth. Dined at Capt. Potc's. Lodged at Dr. Coffin's. 

19//». Dined at Capt. Pote's. Baptized Jeremiah Pote Wier. Lodged at Mr. 
Lyde's. 

20th. Tarried at Mr. Lyde's. Dr. Coffin, T. Oxnard. 

2lst. Capt. Mehitabel (?) Oxnard. Lodged at Cole's, at Wells. 

22f/. Dined at Col. Warner's. Lodged at J. Weeks'. 

2od. Dined at uncle John's. Lodged at Mr. Bass's. 

24</t. Dined at Rowley. Arrived at Marblehead. 

2oth. Preached. Attended a funeral. 

28//i. At Salem, at Mr. McGilchrist's. 

September 1st — Sunday. Preached. 

2d. Set off on my journey. Lodged at Rowley. 

3d. Tarried at Rowley and IVewbury. 

Atli. Lodged at Greenland. 

5th. Lodged at Cole's. 

6th. Arrived at Mr. Lyde's. 

7th. At Mr. Lyde's. 

8th. Baptized 6 children. First heard the news of the defeat of the American army, 

Qth. Visited several places. Arrived at Mitchell's. 

lOlh. iUrived home. Visited Georgetown. Baptized 11 children. 

45 



$51t 



APPENDIX. 



October 3d. Married Mr. Thomas Johnson to Abigail Goodwin.*" 
2Slh, 20lh. Before the Committee for not reading the Declaration of Independence, 
for praying for the king, and for preaching a seditious sermon. 

December \sl — Sunday. 50 persons at church. Published 3 couples. 

2d. Lodged at Weston's. 

Zd. Lodged at J. Preble's. 

Ath. At Mr. Carleton's. Baptized John Thorn. 

5th. At home. 

Gth. Baptized, at Mr. Haley's, Hannah Doharty. 

lOiA. Mr. Johnson buried. 

loth — Sunday. 15 persons at church. Baptized James Houdlette. 

Vith. Mr. Gardiner arrives from Boston. 



[The Journal for 1777 is missing.] 



1778. 



Jamiary \st. At George Mayer's. News comes that AVashington kills and takes 
1500 regulars. 

2d. At Mrs. Jacqueen's and Mrs. Kendall's. 

4,th — Sunday. Baptized Peter, son of George Pochard. 

8tli. Rode to Mr. Richard Turner's. Found his son Thomas sick of a fever. 

9th. Baptized Mark Silvester and Mary, children of James and Rachel Turner. 
Returned home same daj'. 

11th — Sundai/. 25 persons at church. 

nth. At home. Mrs. Kendall, Mrs. Call and Mr. Jacqueen here. 

February 2d. Travelled with Dr. Mayer to Broadbay. Lodged at (Rev.) Dr. (Mar- 
tin) ShefFord's. 

Sd. At Mr. Palmer's at Bristol. 

4:th. AtCapt. Vinal's, Mr. Cremor's, Sprague's, Young's, and Rhode's. Baptized 
Benjamin and Esther Palmer, David, Alice and Deborah Vinal, and Young. 

oth. A snow storm six inches. Attempted to return home but forced to turn back. 

5th. Returned home. 

10th. At Carlo's and Johnson's. Baptized Hannah Turner. 

17th. Rode up with my brother and his wife to Mr. Cowen's. 

ISth. AVent to Winthrop. At Mr. Whittier's and Stain's. 

19//i. At Mr. Waugh's. Baptized George Waugh. Returned to Mr. Cowen's. 

20th. Returned home. 

27th. (Rev.) Dr. (M.) ShefFord, Mr. Ridley and Mr. Uperhind here. 

28//t. Dr. Moor, Dr. Mayer, a Prussian Doctor and Mr. Carlo here. 

March 12th. Baptized Edward Lawrence. 

28^/t. Baptized William Carney. 

Ajrril 7th. Mr. Nath'l Gardiner arrives and Mr. Thomas. 

l%th — Easier Day. 50 persons at church, 15 communicants. 

20th. Chose the same (Church) officers. 

26/fe — Sunday. 56 persons at church. 

[Journals from June 1st to July 18th missing.] 

July 19ih. [Mr. Bailey had started for Boston.] » » * I had now an opportu- 
nity of hearing from my family, and perceived that they had obtained a little present 
relief. The wind blowing in dirty squalls from the S. W., Capt. Hatch sailed back 
again to Ptirker's flats.f where we took a breakfast together, after which I went with 

• Daughter of Maj. S. Goodwin. t Just inside the moutli of Kennebec river. 



APPENDIX. 355 

the two Gardiner's, Mrs. Hatch and Mrs. Gardiner as far as Mr. Butler's. This gen- 
tleman and his family treated me with great attention and advised me by no means to 
leave the country as it would gratify my persecutors, whose principal design was to 
expel the service of the Church from the regions of Kennebeck. After dining I at- 
tended Capt. Drummond to his house, and baptized three children, one for Thomas 
Rogers, one for Robert, and another for Mr. Butler's servant. "We had here a good 
entertainment. My friends sent on board several articles of provision, viz., a large 
quarter of veal, two cheeses, a smoked salmon, a pound of coffee, &c. In the even- 
ing I returned on board. Capt. Yinal arrived from Boston, and brought intelligence 
that a French fleet had arrived to assist the Americans. 

20ih. This morning we beat out to sea. Some of our company sick, especially 
Polly Morton. About sunset we were not more than four leagues from the mouth of 
the Kennebeck. Spoke with several vessels, and heard all day a heavy firing at Pal- 
mouth. Towards morning, 

21st, a breeze from the north east, and a fine clear day. "We arrived off Cape Ann 
about dark. "We had an opportunity of taking several mackerel, the first I had ever 
seen drawn from the water. 

22d. Came to anchor just by Nix's Mate, in Broad Sound, in the forenoon. Saw 
the Warren under sail, going out. About three o'clock, the wind and tide favouring, 
we sailed up to the Long "Wharf. near a guard-ship, the sight of those 

disasters which war and rebellion had rendered able gave me a prodigious shock. 

They appeared cond with rage, and exhibited countenances full of dejection and 

melancholy. AVhat an affecting consideration that such a multitude of active and 

sprightly men should labour under oppression and confinement, should be ed with 

vermin and disease to gratify the boundless avarice and ambition of an impious fac- 
tion ! Being wholly ignorant of the situation of the town, and fearing that the small- 
pox might still prevail, I sent Dr. Mayer with a message to (Rev.) Mr. Parker. He 
presently returned with an invitation from that worthy gentleman, and a report that 
little danger was to be apprehended from the smallpox. About sunset I equipped 
myself and left the sloop under uncommon dejection of spirit. I was, however, re- 
ceived by Mr. Parker and his lady with the highest tokens of tenderness and friend- 
ship. They gave a very discouraging detail of publick affairs ; informed me that a 
large French fleet had certainly arrived ; that no armament had come this season 
from Britain; and that it was apprehended that the Americans and French, with 
their united efl"orts, would be able to expel the forces of the Crown from the Con- 
tinent. This intelligence excited a train of the most disagreeable sensations, and 
took away the pleasure I was about to receive from the society and conversation of 
my friends. 

2M. [A part of this day's Journal will be found in the Memoir, p. IIS. It con- 
tinues :] Dined at Mrs. Domett's, where I had the pleasure of seeing Mrs. Coffin, 
and of hearing from my Falmouth friends. We spent the season as agreeably as the 
situation of publick affairs and our own circumstances would permit. After dinner re- 
ceived an invitation to tea from Mrs. Sheaf, where we found eleven ladies and six or 
seven gentlemen, some of them Whigs, but of a generous way of thinking ; in particu- 
lar Col. Trumbull, son to the Governor, censured very freely some of the most popu- 
lar measures, and reflected both upon the Congress and newspapers. From these 
gentlemen I first learned that the Provincials had gained no victory over General 
Clinton, but were rather worsted in that famous conflict. After tea Mrs. Peggy Sheaf, 
an agreeable young lady, gave us several tunes upon the guitar, accompanied with 
. During this interval I had an opportunity of acquainting Mrs. Sheaf, one of 
the ladies, with my situation, and when we came to supper I perceived that most of 
the company knew something of my affaii's, by certain questions about my persecu- 



356 APPENDIX. 



tors, and a compassionate attention to my concerns. The Wliigs having withdrawn, 
the rest of the company sat till near twelve, and were very sociable and merry. 

2itli. Took a breakfast about eight with Polly Morton and Capt. Hatch, when I was 
entertained with several secret and curious anecdotes. Visited Mrs. Dixy in the 
morning, and called on ray way upon Mrs. Domett. One Lewis, master of the Ports- 
mouth, arrives from New York, and gives intelligence that Lord Howe had arrived 
with some twelve ships of the line and twenty frigates. The report in town before was^ 
that he had only three ships of the line and four cr five frigates. It was reported at noon 
that a number of troops had arrived at Newport. Dined at Mr. Parker's, in company 
with Mr. Warner. Drank tea at Mr. Haskin's, and supped' at the same place. This 
gentleman observed that the conduct of the Congress in applying to France for assist- 
ance, was similar to the application of Saul to the Witch of Endor. 

2oth. After calling upon several friends in the morning dined at Mr. Warner's, 
where, besides Mr. Parker and lady, we had in company one Capt. Dayis, a merchant. 
The news said to come express from Gen'l Sullivan is, that a large number of troops 
had arrived at Newport, and on the other hand, that the French fleet had taken five 
British men of war, which afterwards proved to be a false rumor. The Whigs soon 
acknowledged that only one frigate was taken, and this our and at 

length to be in the harbour of New York and spent the evening at 

Mr. Parker's, in very agreeable conversation. 

2Qth. This day being Sunday, performed Divine Service in the morning and preach- 
ed in the afternoon. The weather being exceedingly hot I was greatly fatigued. 
Spent the evening at Mr. Domett's, in company with Mr. Abrahams. The situation 
of political aflairs was still so gloomy that we had full employment to keep each 
others' spirits from sinking, and to take encouragement that some happier prospects 
might soon arise. The Whigs were now so extremely high, and so very sanguine in 
their expectations of victory and success, that my friends assured me there were little 
or no hopes of having any petition regarded by the Council in case I should make ap- 
plication. 

21tli. This day dined at Mrs. Dixy's, in company with a young gentleman from 
Virginia, who was employed in one of the Continental stores as a writer. After giv- 
ing us several pieces of intelligence, he declared that he hoped and wished that the 
French fleet would have a d — 1 of a drubbing by the Britons. Towards evening called 
upon Mr. Haskins, according to agreement. He gave me fifteen dollars, and then 
accompanied me to Mr. Inman's, (?) where we were cordially received by that hos- 
pitable and generous couple. We were joined at supper by Mrs. Coffin and her 
daughter Polly. Both the mother and daughter appeared very modest, sensible and 
engaging. I was introduced to these ladies by Mrs. Inman and Mr. Haskins as a 
distressed brother, and I quickly perceived that Mrs. Coffin had her husband (Mr. 
William CofBn) and two or three sons in the British service, at New York. We 
heard this evening a rumor that a British fleet had arrived or were near the coast of 
America. This was some refreshment to our dejected spirits. About eleven the 
company brake up, and Mr. Haskins and I waited upon the two ladies home. 

^28th. [A part of this day's Journal will be found in the Memoir, p. 119.] Spent 
the afternoon and evening abroad ; express coming in daily with news, reports that 
six of the Cork fleet are taken by the French, and the AVhigs are now elevated above 
measure, as an expedition is going on with the utmost rapidity against Newport. 
It is confidently promised that llhode Island, New York, and Nova Scotia, will be 
subdued to the American States before the conclusion of the present campaign. 

2dlh. [The entry under this date will be found in the Memoir, p. 119.] 

S')lh. This morning after breakfast went the interest of several gen- 

tlemen belonging to the Council. I waited upon was Mr. Wendell, who was 

a contemporary at College. This gentleman, though he and importance of 



APPENDIX. 357 

his office with every display of mildness and benevolence. He readily 

to compassionate my situation me all the assistance in his power. He 

asked me whether I had no other difficulties to contend with besides poverty ? I replied 
by requesting him to suggest the nature of those difficulties he conceived me to 
labour under. He answered me that he imagined I must be troubled with some ill 
natured, ignorant, committee-man, or rigid magistrates, who took advantage of the 
times to distress me. I assured him that his conjectures were perfectly right, for iu 
all political commotions the spirit of assault and compulsion was always fierce, savage, 
and cruel, in proportion to its distance from the centre, and had constantly observed 
that in the eastern country, where any difference or hostility subsisted between two 
persons, if one of them was appointed committee-man the other would be certainly 
punished as a Tory before the conclusion of the year. Mr. AVendell replied, " the 
only inducement I had to engage in these affairs was to have it in my power to soften 
the horrors and to relieve the distresses which must unavoidably arise to particular 
persons in the present revolutions." After taking my leave of Mr. Wendell I visited 
Mr. J. Pitts, who took me by the hand and treated me with attention and ceremony, 
but I presently perceived that his advancement had rendered him more stiil", formal 
and important. He was not so familiar and easy as usual. However, after some re- 
spectful compliments, he promised to use all his influence to forward my petition. 
He declared, from the knowledge he had of the eastern country, and my connections, 
he was fully convinced that my situation must be very disagreeable, and my circum- 
stances extremely distressing. I found in the course of our conversation that he had 
no great opinion of Bowman, and that he was conscious that some of our magistrates 
were my enemies on account of my former connections with Dr. Gardiner. Brigadier 
Preble was the next counsellor I solicited in my affairs. The old gentleman, upon 
my application, suffered a little roughness and ferocity of his countenance ; he de- 
clared, with an oath, that he knew my situation to be very distressing, and mc 
his interest in procuring the but then says he : " You must en- 
gage upon your word and honour not to give the enemy any intelligence of our expe- 
ditions against Newport and New York. I told him in all probability the state of 
these military operations would be determined before I could possibly get ready to 
depart. He then, with a countenance replete with vengeance and fury, and in a voice 
of thunder, swore a tremendous oath, that the reign of the old villain, George, was 
very short in America. He soon returned to my affairs, and told me in a whisper, 
that if I obtained leave to depart he must entrust me with letters to Halifax. " You 
know," says he, " my son-in-law, Tom Oxnard." Before we parted he execrated Par- 
son Wiswall in a bitter manner. After finishing this disagreeable business I dined at 
Mr. John Row's, who gave a striking instance of the injustice and t}-ranny of Briga- 
dier Preble. Jlr. Row, a few years ago, had lent him a large sum, if I remember right, 
£700 sterling, to clear a mortgage on his estate, no part of which Avas ever paid until 
the present year, when the Brigadier brought Mr. Row tlie same nominal sum in pa- 
per money to discharge his debt. The latter made some difficulty of accepting it, as 
it was the seventh part of the real value. The other replied that he should talie the 
money, or else be proceeded against as a convicted Tory and a mortal enemy to his 
country. This declaration quickly ended the whole dispute. Mr. Row took the mo- 
ney and gave the Brigadier a full discharge. An express arrives that the French fleet 
had arrived at Point Judith to assist in the reduction of Rhode Island. Drank tea 
this evening in company with Mrs. Sheaf 

Slst. Went in the morning to the Court House 

but the President assured me that he would carefully keep my p^itition, and present 



358 APPENDIX. 

it whenever a favourable opportunity should occur. While I was in conversation with 
him upon the subject, an aid-de-camp from General Heath appeared, with a message 
to the Council, He gave information that a Mr. Lewis, a clergyman, or chaplain of 
a regiment, had deserted from New York, and having dined with the General was 
coming to lay something of t^e utmost importance before the Council ; " but, you 
may depend upon it," continued the officer, " that the gentleman is a spy." Mrs. 
"White was buried this afternoon : a prodigious large funeral. Drank tea at Mrs. Cof- 
fin's. Present, D. Lloyd and his wife, Mr. Hubbard, Mr. Brimmer, Mr. Amory and 
his lady, with several other ladies, both married and single. "We spent the evening 
very agreeably. Having informed Mrs. Coffin of what I had heard concerning the 
clergyman from New York, she and Mrs. Deblois left the company and went in pur- 
suit of him, hoping to hear something of their absent friends. They had the good 
fortune to find the gentleman, though something under duress. He represented that 
all the Royal forces and the friends of Government were in the utmost confusion and 
anxiety, that many repented of their rashness in leaving their country, and that 
numbers intended very shortly to imitate his example in running away and throwing 
themselves upon the mercy of the American government. He added, that people 
were almost starving for want of bread and expected from Britain 

he would first explain himself with reserve, with an entire confidence in their honor 
and integrity. The I with these supreme magistrates with their conduct 
of my friend induced the following remarks: — 

1st. That notwitnstauding they represented themselves (to je) the creatures of 
the people, and were actually in most instances advanced from inferior stations, yet 
they assumed all the dignity and importance of princes and noblemen born to com- 
mand. 

2nd. They aff"ected to act the courtier externally. "When any applications were 
made to the leading members for countenance or favour, they received the petitioner 
with apparent tokens of condescension. They endeavored, though it must be con- 
fessed, with an awkward grace, to lower their dignity, and would make most ample 
promises of their interest to forward his request ; but when these gentlemen were as- 
sembled in Council they either forgot their engagements, or determined to disoblige, 
when the charge of falsehood or severity might be transferred from particular mem- 
bers to the whole body. One or two gentlemen of my acquaintance, who petitioned 
the Council for permission to depart the State, applied to every member of the Coun- 
cil, and received the strongest assurances from each of his interest, and yet when the 
petition was brought before them in the Council chamber it was rejected without as- 
signing any reason. 

3rd. I conjectured that the most moderate legislatures are disposed to enact the 
severest and most unreasonable laws and afterwards mitigate 



with the arrival of Parson Lewis. Some conceived that he was a spy, others that he 
had deserted from disgust to the British cause and pure aff"ection to the American 
cause, whilst the ladies were unanimous that it was a love affair which brought him 
to Boston, for during his imprisonment he had frequent interviews with Mr. Pier- 
pont's daughter, a young girl of fifteen, who had an independent fortune of £.5000 
sterling. This day, after a long and severe drought, about 3 o'clock we had a smart 
thunder shower, which lasted about ten minutes. Three men being with a boat on 
one of the islands of the harbour, placed themselves under it for a shelter from the 
shower ! As soon as the rain ceased a little, two of tlie company ventured out, and 
called upon the other to follow their example, which he at first refused to do, but 
upon repeated applications he complied. He had no sooner left the boat than a 



APPENDIX. 359 

Gtream of lightning descended and stove it all to pieces. News arriTes that the 
French fleet had taken all the vessfls from Cork. 

Aiu/ust 2d. This day, being Sunday, could not assist Mr. Parker for want of a suit- 
able discourse. As I was walking to church in the morning Mr. Lash put a guinea 
into my hand. After evening service went to drink tea with Mr. Domett ; present, 
Col. Tudor's lady, — though a Whig, very moderate, — Mr. Blotchet, Mr. Cheever, and 
Mr. Brimmer. (?) I was extremely pleased with the conversation of Mr. Cheever. 
Among other things he told me that when the high sons perceived that a number of 
Tories had taken the oath of allegiance they were so enraged as to threaten them 
with immediate destruction, calling them rogues, villains, &c. After tea took a walk 
upon the Common, then visited and supped with Mr. Warner and lady. I regard 
them as a very modest and generous couple. Upon my return home found Mr. Park- 
er gone to visit Mrs. Hooper, of Newbury. Ilis lady informed me that she had sent 
for me and Mr. Parker to spend the evening. When Mr. Parker returned, about 12 
o'clock, he told me that Mrs. Hooper had informed him that she had seen a letter 
very lately from Mr. Marston, at Halifax, wherein he writes that he is in good health 
and high spirits, and, were he at liberty, he could write such intelligence as must give 
the friends of government the most ample satisfaction. 

3d. This morning visited Mr. Brown and his son, the Doctor, and took a breakfast 
with Mrs. Dixy. I found her in great affliction on account of her little daughter, who 
was sick of a fever. Visited Mr. Thomas Amory.and his lady, where I was kindly 
entertained. I tarried till after dinner, and was favoured with the sight of several cu- 
rious letters, and the relation of many shocking anecdotes. After dinner at Captain 
William Morton's, at Mr. Burn's, and on board Capt. Hatch, where I met with my 
old friend Mr. Nathaniel Gardiner. He brought intelligence that the people of Nan- 
tucket had certain information that a British fleet, under Lord Byron, was on their 
passage; that the garrison at Newport was 11,000 strong, and that provisions were 
cheap and plenty at New York. Towards evening at Mr. Parker's, and drank tea iu 
company with several ladies. Dr. Brown and Capt. Hatch here. The former had the 
confidence to apply to Mr. Parker for a recommendation, and referred him to me for 
a character. Supped at home with a large company. Mr. Nathaniel Gardiner here 
to visit me, and to give me an account of his adventures. The friends of government 
now begin to receive a little more courage, and to expect some more favourable events. 

4:th. This morning, after walking upon the wharves, visited Mrs. Coffin. Dined at 
home, in company with Mr. Inman. Drank tea at Mrs. Sheaf's. Several gentlemen 
and ladies. Mr. Gardiner met mc, according to agreement, at Mr. Domett's, but that 
worthy couple being from home we walked towards Capt. Foster's, but finding the 
smallpox in that part of the town, turned aside to Mrs. Dixy's. I found her daughter 
recovered. We proceeded back to Mr. Domett's, and had the pleasure of finding him 
and his lady at home. We were presently joined by Mrs. Sheaf and her daughter 
Polly. We had a very agreeable evening, and supped before we parted. Iteceived 
either this, or the preceding day, eight dollars from Mr. Thomas Amory. 

5fh. After passing away the forenoon in paying different visits went to Mr. Has- 
kin's, and tarried dinner wuth that worthy man and his family. Drank tea and sup- 
ped abroad. Capt. Smith arrives from Woolwich, and I engage a passage with 
him to Kennebeck. Mr. Hubbard gives me three quarters of an hundred of rice, 
and Mr. N. Green a bushel of rye. Great preparations for three days past have 
been making for the expedition against Rhode Island; the streets and roads not 
only full of armed men upon the march from every quarter, but a multitude of car- 
riages, with provisions and warlike forces ; volunteers come pouring into town from 
every region of the country ; men of consequence and fortune appear both on horse- 
back and in the most pompous vehicles that can be procured. Assurance of success 
is displayed in every countenance, and all expect to retain in a few days victorious 



360 APPENDIX. 

and loaded with plunder. To suggest any difficulty is highly criminal, and to fore- 
bode disappointment would be fatal. To see these people, who had always the great- 
est aversion to the manners, religion, and government of the French, now rejoicing 
in their alliance and exulting in their assistance, affords a most striking instance of 
the perverscness of the human heart, and displays beyond example the obstinacy, the 
madness, the folly, the perfidy of my countrymen. Rather than yield to the most 
prevailing convictions of reason, rather than comply with the most sacred dictates of 
conscience and religion, I may add, rather than be happy in the enjoyment of their 
liberties and possessions, they choose to rush headlong into guilt, misery, and ruin, 
and to entail upon themselves and posterity the most ignoble servitude. 

6th. This morning, understanding that I had made a blunder in not dining at Mr. 
Inman's, who had given me an invitation the preceding day, and that he was highly 
ofi'ended at my neglect, I waited upon him to make the best apology in my power. I 
assured him that I was not sensible that he gave me any invitation, and that I was 
wholly ignorant that any company was about to dine at his house. His lady, a most 
excellent woman, quickly ended the dispute, and, when we had taken a breakfast, Mr. 
Inman insisted upon my returning to dine with him this day. I spent the forenoon 
at Mr. Seargent's and Mr. Turner's, where I heard from a number of gentlemen the 
following intelligence : The captain of a prize brought into Salem affirmed that Lord 
Byron had sailed from Britain with a fleet of twenty-five capital ships, and that the 
harbour of Brest was blocked up v;ith thirty-two ships of the line under the command 
of Admiral Hervey, Earl of Bristol. Present at dinner, besides Mr. Inman and wife, 
Nancy Seargent and Betsey Murray, daughter to Col. Murray, one of tlie Mandamus 
Counsellors, who fled the country. After dinner I waited upon Dr. Lloyd : saw there 
a young gentleman from Gen. Sullivan, who informed us that the attack was to be 
made upon Pihode Island immediately. The Dr., at parting, gave mp nine dollars. 
Prom hence I repaired to Mr. Parker's, where I found that my old friend, Mr. William 
Gardiner, had arrived from Concord, and had been twice to enquire for me. I went 
directly to his lodgings, but to my great disappointment I found liim absent. I how- 
ever met him presently after in the street. "We went back to Mr. Parker's, where we 
drank tea, and then took a walk into the garden. After spending the evening to- 
gether we agreed to meet each other the next morning about eleven at Mr. Domett's. 

7lh. [A part of this day's Journal will be found in the Memoir, p. 120.] Mr. 
Gardiner soon came in, and Mrs. Domett engaged us to dine with them. Before din- 
ner we went on board Smith and visited Capt. Hatch, and our return found Mrs. 
Coifin, and had a very sociable entertainment. Mr. Gardiner and I waited upon Dr. 
Byles and drank tea with him, his daughters, and other young ladies. The Dr. was 
in high spirits, and rather more diverting than usual. We spent the evening to- 
gether, when I took my leave of Mr. Gardiner. * » * * Mr. Gardiner assured me, 
upon very good authority, that every person in Canada who suffered by the ravages 
of the American rebels, had their losses fully made up, and that the whole amounted 
to £170,000 sterling. 

8//i. [A part of this day's Journal will be found in the Memoir, p. 120.] * « 
After which I returned her, (Mrs. Domett,) a visit of thanks, and took my leave of 
that generous lady and her daughters. -» * » * Having put my things onboard 
the vessel, dined at Mr. Parker's, called upon several friends, drank tea with Mrs. 
Domett, and parted with Mrs. Coffin and that excellent couple whom I shall always 
esteem with the sincerest aff'ection. About ten Dr. Mayer and I took our leave and 
embarked on board Capt. Smith. The weather was now extremely hot, with a gentle 
breeze of S. W. wind. We had two female passeng.rs on board, and about 11 o'clock 
got under sail. 

9th. The next morning about sunrise, near Thatcher's Island, just as we were com- 
ing round the Cape, discovered a very large ship. Her guns were carefully concealed, 



APPENDIX. 361 

and she let us pass without notice. Soon after we observed a very strong current set- 
ting to the westward ; a short calm ensued, when the wind sprang up about east. 
About noon the clouds began to gather thick from every quarter, and the distant 
thunder uttered its voice. When we were miles to the south of the Shoal Islands, it 
being between 3 and 4 o'clock, the clouds were exceedingly black and heavy from the 
N. E. around to the S. E., the lightnings streamed dreadfully in various directions, 
and the bursting thunders roared aloud. At length the tempest burst upon us. A 
squall struck us from the "W. N. W., which in a few minutes veered into the E. S. E. 
The darkness, thunder and rain continued with uncommon severity till we opened 
Portsmouth harbour, a little before sunset, when the clouds began to disperse, and 
we came to an anchor a little below the light-house, where we lay rolling and tumbling 
all night, and our female passengers were in consequence very sick. 

10//j. When the tide served in the morning we came to anchor in Pepperell's Cove, 
at Kittery, the wind being E. N. E. About 10 o'clock the captain set the two women 
on shore ; we then proceeded in the boat to Newcastle, where, upon enquiring for Mr. 
Chase,* I found that he had died si.-s months before. His son, Stephen, was gone to 
Portsmouth, as well as his daughter. After rambling near two hours about the Island 
returned on board. In our passage we approached a large brig under sail, on board 
of which I saw Mr. Spole, with my friend Jenny Sheaf, from Martinico. Having 
dined I went on shore to visit Mr. Stevens, the minister on Kittery Point. I here 
met with civil treatment, found him a modest, sensible man, rather on the side of the 
British government, and his daughter a well accomplished and agreeable young lady. 
Being invited I tarried till the next morning. 

ll//j. The wind continuing nearly in the same quarter I went on board after break- 
fast, and went with the Captain and Dr. Mayer to Portsmouth, where I met vnth 
great pleasure several of my friends, as Mr. Haven's family, Mrs. Clapham, Mrs. Pra- 
zer, and Mr. Whipple and lady. Dined at Mr. Whipple's. I perceived that his lady 
was greatly discouraged at the appearance of publick affairs. I was able, however, by 
several anecdotes, to revive her spirits. After dinner I returned to Mr. Haven's, 
where I spent an hour very agreeably. Capt. Smith, being obliged to go on board, I 
left the town with regret, but the wind continuing to blow from the N. E., with clouds 
and fog, I was permitted to revisit Mr. Stevens. I found that he was gone to Ports- 
mouth. He returned, however, after tea. [Part of this day's Journal is inserted iu 
the Memoir, p. 121.] The company were so agreeable to each other that they never 
went to repose till after twelve. 

I2th. This morning the weather was boisterous, and the wind blowing hard from the 
N. E. and great appearances of a storm. After breakfast went on board; so windy 
that we could not, as we intended, visit Portsmouth. Towards evening landed, ia 
company with Capt. Crand^U, at Pepperell's Wharf, and spent several hours in walk- 
ing about the neighbourhood. The ruins of Sir William's fine estate induced us to re- 
flect upon the instability of human affairs. A few years occasion prodigious altera- 
tions, especially in such seasons of plunder and depredation. The house, which be- 
longed to Andrew Pepperell Sparhawk — a stately edifice — has lately been reduced to 
almost a heap of ruins, for no other reason but because the owner is in Britain. We 
saw in the dock a fine little schooner from the eastward with a family on board. The 
master informed us that Capt. Callahan, having taken from him a sloop of ninety 
tons, made him a present of that schooner, though greatly opposed by the Captain 
of Marines. This vessel, armed, had taken three sloops. About nine in the evening 
the weather began to roughen, the clouds to gather from every quarter, and the in- 
creasing winds to agitate the waters. 

13th. This morning, as soon as daylight appeared, we had*a most violent storm at 

* Kev. Stephen Chase, uncle to ilrs. Bailey. Sec Note F., p. 258. 

46 



362 APPENDIX. 

!N. E., attended with large quantities of rain. It continued without intermission till 
near snnset, during which the water was in violent agitation, and we thought our- 
selves unsafe with two anchors at her bow. One sloop was stove in pieces at the be- 
ginning of this tempest, and a schooner, attempting to recover by the light-house 
point, lost her anchor, had her jib carried away, and was finally bilged against the 
rocks. Another sloop, commanded by Joseph Decker, rode out the storm just within 
the southernmost point of Piscataqua harbour, expecting every moment eitlier to go 
on shore, or to be swallowed up by the waves. The violence of the tempest abated, 
however, very fast in the evening. "We had an uncomfortable situation on board, 
being closely confined to a nasty cabin, while the vessel kept incessantly rolling and 
tumbling, especially in the night, to such a degree that we could hardly lay in our 
cabins. 

lith. A fine morning /after the storm, but the wind still continues to breeze from 
the east. After our Captain had been to afford some relief to his distressed brethren, 
I embarked for Portsmouth on board a large canoe with Mr. James Harden and his 
brother. In our passage wc went on board a privateer of ten carriage guns, where I 
quickly perceived a most shocking exhibition of confusion and profaneness. The oaths 
and execrations were horrid beyond expression. I had formerly been five or six weeks 
on board a British man-of-war, where all was order, piety, and politeness, in compari- 
son with what now appeared. We took the gunner on board and proceeded to town. 
When I arrived at Mr. Stevens's I found them at dinner, and, to ray great satisfaction, 
Dr. Coffin, directly from Falmouth. lie expected to meet his lady here from Boston 
before evening. After dinner, and talking over the news, we went out together and 
met Mr. J. Sheaf at the barber's shop, when I engaged to wait for this agreeable gen- 
tleman at Mr. Whipple's. I spent the afternoon with Mr. Wliipple, his lady. Madam 
Wentworth, Mrs. Purcel, and Mrs. Clapham. As I was waiting upon Mrs. Purcel 
home met Mr. Sheaf; we walked together and took the tour of several streets. He 
informed me that he had only twenty-two days from Martinico, and that there was 
no appearance of war among the French and Spaniards. He was perfectly surprized 
when he heard that a French fleet was upon the coast of New England. Went this 
afternoon to Capt. Roach and his family. I found here Mr. John Parker, the SherifF, 
brother to Parson Parker, of Boston ; he made some severe reflections upon my per- 
secutors, in particular their imposing the oath of abjuration. When Mr. Parker was 
gone Mr. Roach applied to have his child baptized. I performed the office in the pres- 
ence of three ladies, who were here on a visit. At parting Capt. Roach gave me half 
a giiinea, and kindly offered to do his part toward my support during the present 
calamitous times. After I had parted with Mr. Sheaf I went with Mrs. Whipple to 
Capt. Turner's, where we found Mr. Whipple arrived before us, and Mrs. Pepperell. 
Just as we had entered into sociable conversation I was called away to baptize a child 
for one Reed, a little out of town. Here were present a large number of ladies. 
After I had performed the sacred ordinance I returned to my company, and about ten 
I went to Mr. Staver's, and found Mrs. Coffin arrived from Boston, but she and the 
Dr. were both gope to bed. After supper spent an hour with Mrs. Frazier and another 
lady. The former gave me a yard of muslin for Mrs. Bailey. Lodged at this house. 

loth. This morning rose early and waited for breakfast till Dr. Coifin, his lady, and 
Miss Betty Wier were dressed. Mrs. Coffin brought word that the French fleet had left 
Newport, and that the Cork fleet had all arrived safe at New York, which incidents 
gave uncommon spirits to the friends of government, who had for a long time been in 
a despairing situation. Mr. Marden being ready to go on board I was obliged to leave 
this very agreeable company. When we came to the vessel wc found the wind still 
unfavorable, 'which determined us to return. I dined at Mr. Staver's, waited upon 
Mr. Jeffries, and di-ank tea at Mr. Whipple's, where I learned from that gentleman 
that one Mr. Emerson, of York, had been upon Rhode Island to satisfy his ciuriosity. 



APPENDIX. 363 

lie declared that he had been not only in the Provincial army, but among the inhab- 
itants, who assured him there were 10,000 British forces at Newport, the rebel army 
between 12,000 and 20,000 strong. He confirmed the account of the departure of the 
French fleet, and added that they sailed on Monday morning in pursuit of some Brit- 
ish ships which appeared in sight the evening before, and that prior to this move- 
ment the French had rc-embaiked all their land forces to the number of 4,500. Went 
with Mr. Whipple to Mr. Staver's, and found GrifBn arrived from Boston, who in- 
formed us that the Whigs w-ere ^greatly alarmed at the French Admiral's conduct ; 
that the Salem volunteers, in attempting to reconnoitre the enemy's works had lost 
ten of their number ; that the late storm had greatly annoyed the Provincial army, 
as the militia and volunteers were destitute of shelter ; that the Royal forces, in case 
the French fleet should not return, intended to surround Rhode Island ; and that 
two capital ships had lately arrived from Britain. Our company consisted of Capt. 
Turner, Mr. Jaffrey, Mr. Whipple, Capt. Ilickey, and Mr. Stavers, besides Griffin and 
Daws. About 10 received a note from Mr. Soward to baptize his child. At 11 I 
complied with his request, after which I supped and lodged at Mr. Whipple's. Mr. 
J. Sheaf gave me six lbs. of coffee. 

I6//1. This, being Sunday morning, after having an early breakfast with Mr. Sta- 
vers, returned on board. The wind soon began to breeze E. and by S., and the tide 
favouring we beat out to sea, and had a most pleasant passage into Winter Harbour, 
where we came to anchor about half past five in the afternoon. We landed the two 
Mardcns at this place, but the wind blowing hard almost from the S. E. our Captain 
concluded it not prudent to proceed. In the night showers of rain. Another sloop, 
belonging to Broad Bay, ancliored near us in this harbour. 

17"i. Wind about east, thick weather, attended with rain and fog. Went on shore 
on Wood Island. This island is surrounded with a sharp, rocky shore ; the skirts of 
it abound with gooseberry bushes ; the situation of the inland parts very low, and the 
soil exceeding rich ; vegetables grow here to an uncommon size ; on the north-west end 
we observed the appearance of a deep bog. Having dined on board we concluded, in 
the afternoon, to visit father Hussey, a Quaker, who had lived upon a large farm 
to the south of this harbour above forty years. I was pleased with the conversation 
of his brother, who happened to be present on a visit from Berwick, but I quickly 
discovered the owner of the house to be an obstinate, self-conceited, censorious bigot. 
We entered deeply into publick measures, and, though the Quakers loudly condemned 
the proceedings of the American opposition, yet, I strongly suspect, they are no 
hearty friends to the British Constitution. They are unwilling to risk anything in 
the reformation or subversion of any government, yet, I fancy, a republican form must 
be most agreeable to their inclinations. The whole family appeared very contracted 
and inhospitable, not asking either of us to eat or drink, though they jircpared an 
afternoon repast, and it was with difficulty we obtained a drink of water.' Showery in 
the night, with some lightning. 

I8//1. Wind still continues east, with a prodigious thick fog. After breakfast went 
on shore, first to one Capt. Hill's, where we met with very indifferent treatment. We 
then crossed over a narrow channel, and visited one Fletcher. The old woman and 
her two daughters were the most hard-favoured and disagreeable of the sex I ever be- 
held ; the whole family were extremely rough and hoggish in their manners. The 
old man raved against Capt. Callalian, and threatened him with hanging. He had a 
daughter deaf and dumb, and a son blind. We tarried in this inhospitable dwelling. 
The weather continuing the same we went on board without any prospect of sailing. 
In the evening lightning and rain. 

19//«. This day wet and foggy. In the morning, after breakfast, went on shore 
and visited an island to the N. W., exceeding rough and uneven. About eleven vis- 
ited the old Quaker, who treated us in a very hoggish manner, never asking us to sit 



364 APPENDIX. 

down, and he took four shillings lawful for one dozen of cucumbers. In the afternoon 
the fog began to disperse, and about sunset the weather was perfectly calm and serene. 

August 2Qth. This morning awoke about 2 o'clock and finding a steady gale of 
S. W. wind and a clear sky alarmed the Captain, and in less than an hour after we 
got under sail. Before sunrise passed Cape Elizabeth. At 9 or 10 entered the 
mouth of the Kennebeck. 

Mr. T. Percy came on board and informed us that he and his brother were obliged 
to take the oath from the complaint of Sam. McCobb. About 12 we came to anchor 
in Fiddler's reach. "Went on shore with Dr. Mayer at Capt. Drummond's. Found 
him a violent son of liberty and a friend to the French alliance. He however treated 
us with complaisance and invited us to tarry to dinner ; after which we visited Mr. 
McFaddan and Mr. Preble. Towards evening returned and drank tea with Mrs. 
Drummond. Capt. Drummond having furnished us with a barge, we went about sun- 
set in pursuit of the sloop and overtook her in the gut, where we found Carleton ar- 
rived from Boston. He left that port the evening before and brought intelligence that 
the French fleet had not yet returned. Night coming on and the wind breezing, my 
Y»''oolwich friends advised me to go home with them. In consequence of this invita- 
tion I visited Mr. David Gilmore and tarried with him till the next morning. It gave 
me great satisfaction to find my friends in so good spirits here, notwithstanding the 
gloomy aspect of publick affairs. I cannot forbear reflecting upon the peculiar cir- 
cumstances of our rulers at this season, and I imagine they are highly deceived. 
They are certainly ignorant of the prevailing sentiment and discontent among the 
people. They, in the beginning of this revolt, flattered the lower classes of mankind 
and addressed them with misrepresentations and lies, till they inspired them with en- 
thusiastic madness, and directed them, in the frenzy of their zeal, to bully, insult, 
mob and plunder men of the highest worth, integrity and consequence, those 
very persons whom they had hitherto approached with reverence and listened to with 
attention, whose advice and authority they had always regarded as sacred ; everything 
was carried by noise, persecution, and violence, until the spirit of persecution began 
to subside among the common people and moderation to take its place. Those men 
who had advanced themselves into the highest stations of government during these 
commotions, took it for granted that they were firmly fixed in the affections of the 
rabble, and that they had nothing to fear except a few Tories, which it was their prin- 
cipal concern to suppress. For this purpose they enacted the most cruel and unrea- 
sonable laws, putting it in the power of every ill-natured and malicious man to ruin 
his neighbour. These institutions are so severe that men are afraid openly to com- 
plain, yet in secret they cannot forbear expressing the highest discontent and cha- 
grin, and nothing is heard in private corners except murmurs and complaints, and 
the number of those who delight in persecution is very inconsiderable ; this sentiment 
is almost wholly confined to those who can gratify their revenge by the persecution of 
a Tory neighbour, while the remainder bitterly execrate the authors and instruments 
of the action. Now all the imeasiness and clamor which prevail abroad are closely 
concealed from the legislative body which sets at Boston amid the bustle of warlike 
preparations and the hurry of business. For who would venture to disclose any un- 
welcome truth when he is liable to be punished for sedition, to be regarded as an ene- 
my to his country, and perhaps to be wholly deprived of his freedom. Every one who 
approaches the supreme authority by way of petition for mercy, or request for favour, 
makes it his principal study to flatter and please. He will not, in such circumstances, 
excite any disagreeable sensations by the mention of unwelcome truths, but labour all 
in his power to preserve the utmost good humor, and carefully suppress every sugges- 
tion that may tend to censure or reprehend the government to which he applies. 

21s/. This morning rose early and visited Mr. AVilliam Gilmore. After breakfast 
baptized, before a large number of people, a child for Capt. FuUerton ; then calling 



APPENDIX. 365 

upon Capt. Smith we went on board and took our things in order to proceed home- 
ward, but the wind quickly began to breeze from the north, attended with frequent 
thunder squalls. "^Tien we arrived, after much fatigue, at the Chops of Merry-meeting 
Bay, we found Mr. Hatch and Jackson on board a vessel bound to Nantucket. This 
incident prevented our proceeding any farther, and obliged us to go on shore, where 
we continued above four hours, but perceiving a formidable thunder shower arising 
we determined to visit Capt. Ilobbs'. VTc had very civil entertainment at his house, 
and about dark embarked and continued our voyage a mile beyond the Chops, when a 
violent squall burst upon us from the north, attended with uncommon darkness and 
cold. It was with extreme difficulty we were able to reach the shore, upon which the 
waves dashed with increasing and resistless fury. I was constrained to continue above 
an hour holding the painter, while Dr. Mayer ran to solicit assistance. At length, 
after rambling through the bushes, and over burnt logs and rocky ledges, he appeared 
with Mr. John Trot.( ? ) We perceived ourselves to be but a few rods from his house, 
and having hauled our boat into a cove, with watching the greater part of the night 
we prevented her dashing in pieces. 

22d. After breakfast, the wind still blowing from the north-west, we embarked, and 
about two arrived at Pownalborough, where I had the satisfaction of finding my family 
in good health, though they had greatly suifered in my absence from want of provis- 
ions. I was astonished to perceive the severity of the drought in this part of the 
country. Almost everything was consumed, and a terrible fire raging near the East- 
ern River, rendered the prospect still more distressing. I was visited this afternoon 
by several of my friends. 

[Journals missing from August 23d, 1778, to January 16th, 1779, inclusive.] 

1779. 

Jatiuary 17th — Sundaij. At home. San's (?) preached. Gushing forbids him. 

28th. Set off on a journey. Arrived at Whitchcasset. 

2dth. Arrived at Mr. Rhode's, in Bristol. 

30th. A snow storm. At Mr. Palmer's. Lodged at Capt. Yinal's. 

3Ut. At night at Mr. Palmer's. 

February 1st. At Capt. Yinal's, Cremor's, Chapman's, and (Rev. Dr.) Shefford's. 

3d. Baptized Eunice Yinal. Returned to Palmer's. 

ith. Dined at Noble's and lodged at J. Sevey's. 

5th. Breakfasted at Mr. Wood's. Get home at sunset. 

6th. Baptized John Carlow. ^ 

l-ilh — Suiidai/. Baptized Anna Costelo. Mr. Gardiner here. 

2lst — Sunday. Mr. Gardiner and 11 persons. 

March 1st. At home. N. Palmer reads his confession. 

2d. At home. John (McNamarra) returns from Broad Bay. 

6th. At Mr. Pochard's. His father ill. 

7th. At Mr. Pochard's. The old man dies. 

8th. Mr. Pochard buried. 

11th. Mr. Lawrence's child buried. 

lith. At Mr. Lawrence's. Baptized Amos and Betsy Hitchins. 

19/A. Rode to Mr. R. f urner's. Tarried all night. 

20//J. Rode home. 

April Wi — Sunday. Company. 

bth. Chose the same church officers. 



ERRATA. 
Page 240, Note; for L'Esarbot, read L'Escarbot. 
Page 251, Note ; for Christ's Church, read Christ Church. 



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